{ "id": 4276575, "name": "PHILLIP MORRIS, Adm'r of the Estate of Alvin Morris, Deceased, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD COMPANY, d/b/a Canadian National/Illinois Central Railroad, et al., Defendants-Appellees", "name_abbreviation": "Morris v. Illinois Central Railroad", "decision_date": "2008-05-19", "docket_number": "No. 4\u201407\u20140816", "first_page": "884", "last_page": "888", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "382 Ill. App. 3d 884" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "421 N.E.2d 886", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1981, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "85 Ill. 2d 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5470281 ], "year": 1981, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/85/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "811 N.E.2d 1199", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 2004, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1202" }, { "page": "1202", "parenthetical": "our supreme court has held that the stopped-train rule is concerned with a railroad's duty" }, { "page": "1201" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "349 Ill. App. 3d 1005", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5435190 ], "weight": 3, "year": 2004, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1007" }, { "page": "1007" }, { "page": "1006" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/349/1005-01" ] }, { "cite": "268 N.E.2d 42", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1971, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "132 Ill. App. 2d 277", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2531322 ], "year": 1971, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/132/0277-01" ] }, { "cite": "537 N.E.2d 738", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 5, "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "741" }, { "page": "741" }, { "page": "741" }, { "page": "741" }, { "page": "742" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "127 Ill. 2d 350", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5563926 ], "weight": 5, "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "357" }, { "page": "357" }, { "page": "357" }, { "page": "357" }, { "page": "360-61" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/127/0350-01" ] }, { "cite": "857 N.E.2d 229", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2006, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "236", "parenthetical": "section 2 - 619 motion to dismiss" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "223 Ill. 2d 49", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3604629 ], "year": 2006, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "59", "parenthetical": "section 2 - 619 motion to dismiss" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/223/0049-01" ] }, { "cite": "760 N.E.2d 953", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2001, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "956", "parenthetical": "section 2 - 615 motion to dismiss" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "198 Ill. 2d 115", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 29955 ], "year": 2001, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "120", "parenthetical": "section 2 - 615 motion to dismiss" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/198/0115-01" ] }, { "cite": "680 N.E.2d 265", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "268" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "176 Ill. 2d 179", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 544917 ], "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "184" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/176/0179-01" ] }, { "cite": "554 N.E.2d 223", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1990, "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "136 Ill. 2d 132", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3255179 ], "year": 1990, "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/136/0132-01" ] }, { "cite": "537 N.E.2d 738", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1989, "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "127 Ill. 2d 350", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5563926 ], "year": 1989, "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/127/0350-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 529, "char_count": 8806, "ocr_confidence": 0.84, "pagerank": { "raw": 4.5828155114230504e-08, "percentile": 0.28736038278679565 }, "sha256": "924c9fd5fca7212b6bbd9c7b6f0642d67e28ce28202b823e34121a25000a2f80", "simhash": "1:8b385014965582a7", "word_count": 1426 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:27:01.752924+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "PHILLIP MORRIS, Adm\u2019r of the Estate of Alvin Morris, Deceased, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD COMPANY, d/b/a Canadian National/Illinois Central Railroad, et al., Defendants-Appellees." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE COOK\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nPlaintiff, Phillip Morris, administrator of the estate of Alvin Morris, appeals the trial court\u2019s order dismissing his complaint against defendants Illinois Central Railroad Company, which does business as Canadian National/Illinois Central Railroad (Illinois Central), and Tate and Lyle Grain, Inc., which does business as Staley Grain, Inc. (Tate and Lyle). We affirm.\nI. BACKGROUND\nPlaintiffs original complaint alleged that on January 1, 2004, at approximately 7:06 p.m., Alvin Morris drove his vehicle into the side of an Illinois Central train that was stopped at a railroad crossing on tracks owned by Tate and Lyle. Plaintiff claimed that at the time of the crash, the area was unlit at night with overcast sky and precipitation. Plaintiff died as a result of the injuries he sustained in the crash.\nBoth defendants filed motions to dismiss pursuant to section 2 \u2014 615 of the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 615 (West 2004)) and section 2 \u2014 619 of the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 619 (West 2004)). Plaintiff confessed those motions by agreement with leave to file a first amended complaint. Plaintiff filed his first amended complaint.\nBoth defendants filed motions to dismiss plaintiffs first amended complaint. Finding the complaint failed to state a cause of action, the trial court granted both motions without prejudice. Plaintiff filed his second amended complaint. In both counts that addressed the separate defendants, plaintiff alleged that each defendant \u201cfailed to illuminate its train at the crossing or to make [it] visible to motorists at the crossing site given the special circumstances that existed at the time.\u201d On August 13, 2007, the court granted both defendants\u2019 motions to dismiss with prejudice for plaintiffs failure to state a cause of action. This appeal followed.\nII. ANALYSIS\nDefendants\u2019 motions to dismiss reference both sections 2 \u2014 615 and 2 \u2014 619 of the Code of Civil Procedure. 735 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 615, 2 \u2014 619 (West 2004). When resolving motions to dismiss under either section 2 \u2014 615 or section 2 \u2014 619, a trial court is required to accept as true all well-pled factual allegations. See In re Chicago Flood Litigation, 176 Ill. 2d 179, 184, 680 N.E.2d 265, 268 (1997). This court reviews dismissals under either section de novo. People ex rel. Ryan v. World Church of the Creator, 198 Ill. 2d 115, 120, 760 N.E.2d 953, 956 (2001) (section 2 \u2014 615 motion to dismiss); DeLuna v. Burciaga, 223 Ill. 2d 49, 59, 857 N.E.2d 229, 236 (2006) (section 2 \u2014 619 motion to dismiss).\nIllinois courts follow the \u201clongstanding rule that a train stopped at a crossing is generally held to be adequate notice and warning of its presence to any traveler who is in exercise of ordinary care for his own safety, and the railroad is under no duty to give additional signs, signals[,] or warnings.\u201d Dunn v. Baltimore & Ohio R.R. Co., 127 Ill. 2d 350, 357, 537 N.E.2d 738, 741 (1989). Only when \u201cspecial circumstances\u201d are present will the railroad have an added duty to further warn. Dunn, 127 Ill. 2d at 357, 537 N.E.2d at 741.\nAccording to the Supreme Court of Illinois, \u201cspecial circumstances\u201d are not clearly defined but courts have recognized \u201ca blinding snowstorm\u201d and \u201cmalfunctioning warning lights which erroneously indicated that the crossing was clear\u201d as \u201cspecial circumstances.\u201d Dunn, 127 Ill. 2d at 357, 537 N.E.2d at 741. Citing Bachman v. Illinois Central R.R. Co., 132 Ill. App. 2d 277, 268 N.E.2d 42 (1971), the Supreme Court of Illinois went on to state that \u201cit has been held that darkness, heavy fog[,] and poor visibility do not constitute special circumstances.\u201d Dunn, 127 Ill. 2d at 357, 537 N.E.2d at 741. Also in Dunn, the court determined that the following circumstances did not constitute \u201cspecial circumstances\u201d: (1) darkness, (2) the presence of vehicular traffic at the crossing, (3) the absence of lighting at the crossing, (4) the grade of the crossing, and (5) unnecessary distractions in the vicinity of the crossing. Dunn, 127 Ill. 2d at 360-61, 537 N.E.2d at 742. More recently, in Malcome v. Toledo, Peoria & Western Ry. Corp., 349 Ill. App. 3d 1005, 1007, 811 N.E.2d 1199, 1202 (2004), this court held that the presence of a flatcar across the tracks on a dark night did not establish special circumstances.\nPlaintiff claims that the circumstances he alleges constitute special circumstances despite the cases cited above. The circumstances plaintiff alleged essentially were darkness, an unlit crossing, and a sky that was heavily overcast with fog and rain.\nPlaintiff acknowledges that the Illinois Supreme Court stated that darkness and heavy fog did not constitute special circumstances but argues that the court only came to that conclusion because it incorrectly interpreted the holding in Bachman. Bachman was decided before Alvis v. Ribar, 85 Ill. 2d 1, 421 N.E.2d 886 (1981), held that Illinois would apply comparative negligence instead of the common-law doctrine of contributory negligence. According to plaintiff, in Bach-man the court merely held that the trial court was correct in finding that the evidence established plaintiff\u2019s contributory negligence. The Bachman court did not reach the issue of whether plaintiff could prove \u201cspecial circumstances.\u201d For this reason, plaintiff urges this court to ignore the supreme court\u2019s statement in Dunn that darkness, heavy fog, and poor visibility do not constitute special circumstances.\nEven if we were to agree with plaintiff that the Illinois Supreme Court misinterpreted the technical holding of Bachman, we cannot agree that plaintiffs complaint sets forth special circumstances that would give rise to a duty in defendants to provide further warning. Plaintiff asserts that darkness and an overcast sky constitute special circumstances and a jury should decide whether his assertions should be accepted. The question, though, is whether plaintiff alleged a duty on defendants\u2019 part. Malcome, 349 Ill. App. 3d at 1007, 811 N.E.2d at 1202 (our supreme court has held that the stopped-train rule is concerned with a railroad\u2019s duty). \u201cThe existence of a legal duty is a question of law to be determined by the court.\u201d Malcome, 349 Ill. App. 3d at 1006, 811 N.E.2d at 1201. As stated above, a railroad may only have a duty to provide warnings beyond the presence of the train on the track if the plaintiff proves special circumstances. A combination of darkness, an overcast sky, fog, and rain is a common occurrence during an Illinois winter and does not give rise to special circumstances that would require defendants provide more warning than the presence of the train itself provides.\nAccepting as true all of plaintiffs complaint\u2019s factual allegations, plaintiff failed to present a situation that would except itself from the standing-car rule.\nIII. CONCLUSION\nFor the reasons stated, we affirm the trial court\u2019s judgment.\nAffirmed.\nSTEIGMANN, J., concurs.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE COOK" }, { "text": "JUSTICE KNECHT,\ndissenting:\nThere may be long-standing reasons for favorable treatment of railroads and the creation of the standing-car rule. I do not know what they are or what continued vitality they have in the twenty-first century. The citizens of Illinois would be hard-pressed to understand the logic or public policy behind a decision that imposes a duty of reasonable care on a merchant regarding a post and a customer door (Ward v. K mart Corp., 136 Ill. 2d 132, 554 N.E.2d 223 (1990)) but not on a railroad for failure to illuminate a stopped train at a crossing (Dunn v. Baltimore & Ohio R.R. Co., 127 Ill. 2d 350, 537 N.E.2d 738 (1989)).\nA customer can be distracted or momentarily forgetful while carrying a large, bulky item and then collide with a post known or obvious to him or her. An automobile driver can be distracted or misled or confused on a dark Midwestern night heavily overcast with fog and rain and drive into the side of a stopped or slowly moving train.\nA duty should be imposed here. It is not unduly burdensome. If there is a special-circumstances exception, the presence of special circumstances is a question properly left to the trier of fact just as in Ward.", "type": "dissent", "author": "JUSTICE KNECHT," } ], "attorneys": [ "Timothy W. Kelly (argued), of Kelly Law Offices, PC., of Bloomington, for appellant.", "Kurt Rietz and Heath H. Hooks (argued), both of Thompson Coburn, LLR of Belleville, for appellee Illinois Central Railroad Company.", "James E. Peckert (argued) and Michael J. Kehart, both of Kehart, Peckert & Booth, of Decatur, for appellee Tate & Lyle Grain, Inc." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "PHILLIP MORRIS, Adm\u2019r of the Estate of Alvin Morris, Deceased, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD COMPANY, d/b/a Canadian National/Illinois Central Railroad, et al., Defendants-Appellees.\nFourth District\nNo. 4\u201407\u20140816\nArgued April 16, 2008.\nOpinion filed May 19, 2008.\nKNECHT, J., dissenting.\nTimothy W. Kelly (argued), of Kelly Law Offices, PC., of Bloomington, for appellant.\nKurt Rietz and Heath H. Hooks (argued), both of Thompson Coburn, LLR of Belleville, for appellee Illinois Central Railroad Company.\nJames E. Peckert (argued) and Michael J. Kehart, both of Kehart, Peckert & Booth, of Decatur, for appellee Tate & Lyle Grain, Inc." }, "file_name": "0884-01", "first_page_order": 902, "last_page_order": 906 }