{ "id": 4287247, "name": "MIA MORRIS, Plaintiff-Appellant and Cross-Appellee, v. HARVEY CYCLE AND CAMPER, INC., d/b/a Watson Motorsport, Ltd., et al., Defendants-Appellees and Cross-Appellants", "name_abbreviation": "Morris v. Harvey Cycle & Camper, Inc.", "decision_date": "2009-06-12", "docket_number": "No. 1\u201407\u20143271", "first_page": "399", "last_page": "407", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "392 Ill. App. 3d 399" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "886 N.E.2d 1182", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2008, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "381 Ill. App. 3d 809", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3626757 ], "year": 2008, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "815" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/381/0809-01" ] }, { "cite": "861 N.E.2d 633", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2006, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "223 Ill. 2d 541", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3604887 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2006, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "559" }, { "page": "554" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/223/0541-01" ] }, { "cite": "851 N.E.2d 862", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2006, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "366 Ill. App. 3d 375", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 4264837 ], "year": 2006, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "379" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/366/0375-01" ] }, { "cite": "330 Md. 632", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Md.", "case_ids": [ 2017536 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "652", "parenthetical": "an employer's malicious statements to police, accusing the plaintiff of theft before the commencement of an official investigation, were not entitled to absolute privilege" }, { "page": "968", "parenthetical": "an employer's malicious statements to police, accusing the plaintiff of theft before the commencement of an official investigation, were not entitled to absolute privilege" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/md/330/0632-01" ] }, { "cite": "525 N.W.2d 554", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.W.2d", "case_ids": [ 10767496 ], "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "557-58", "parenthetical": "Wal-Mart was not entitled to absolute or qualified privilege when, without adequate investigation, its employee reported to police that a competitor's employee was taking photographs inside the defendant's store with a stolen camera" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nw2d/525/0554-01" ] }, { "cite": "47 P.3d 8", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.3d", "case_ids": [ 1094467 ], "year": 2002, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "9-10", "parenthetical": "a motel owner, who told the police that money and property were missing after a dispute with the motel manager, was not entitled to absolute immunity when the accusations proved baseless" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/or/334/0166-01" ] }, { "cite": "344 Or. 166", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Or.", "year": 2002, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "169-70", "parenthetical": "a motel owner, who told the police that money and property were missing after a dispute with the motel manager, was not entitled to absolute immunity when the accusations proved baseless" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "114 P.3d 277", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.3d", "case_ids": [ 8388921 ], "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "283" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nev/121/0307-01" ] }, { "cite": "121 Nev. 301", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Nev.", "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "317" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "935 A.2d 103", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "A.2d", "year": 2007, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "111" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "284 Conn. 459", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Conn.", "case_ids": [ 3955758 ], "year": 2007, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "472" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/conn/284/0459-01" ] }, { "cite": "7 Cal. Rptr. 3d 803", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Cal. Rptr. 3d", "year": 2004, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "a conflict between two California appellate courts was resolved in favor of absolute privilege" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "81 P.3d 244", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.3d", "year": 2004, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "a conflict between two California appellate courts was resolved in favor of absolute privilege" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "32 Cal. 4th 350", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Cal. 4th", "case_ids": [ 801089 ], "year": 2004, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "a conflict between two California appellate courts was resolved in favor of absolute privilege" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/cal-4th/32/0350-01" ] }, { "cite": "213 Ariz. 569", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ariz.", "case_ids": [ 5269130 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2006, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "574", "parenthetical": "under a recent amendment to the Arizona Constitution, \"putative crime victims in Arizona are entitled to absolute immunity when they complain to police\"" }, { "page": "75", "parenthetical": "under a recent amendment to the Arizona Constitution, \"putative crime victims in Arizona are entitled to absolute immunity when they complain to police\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ariz/213/0569-01" ] }, { "cite": "598 So. 2d 65", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "So. 2d", "case_ids": [ 7479127 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "for summary of state laws" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/so2d/598/0065-01" ] }, { "cite": "522 U.S. 118", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 11470940 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "127" }, { "page": "479-80" }, { "page": "508" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/522/0118-01" ] }, { "cite": "569 N.E.2d 1104", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "the defendant's allegedly false statement to the police that the plaintiff harassed, assaulted and verbally threatened a coworker was protected by absolute privilege regardless of allegations of malice" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "210 Ill. App. 3d 966", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2533665 ], "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "969-73", "parenthetical": "the defendant's allegedly false statement to the police that the plaintiff harassed, assaulted and verbally threatened a coworker was protected by absolute privilege regardless of allegations of malice" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/210/0966-01" ] }, { "cite": "539 N.E.2d 1372", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1989, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "184 Ill. App. 3d 199", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2641031 ], "weight": 7, "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "203" }, { "page": "201" }, { "page": "201" }, { "page": "201" }, { "page": "203" }, { "page": "203" }, { "page": "204" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/184/0199-01" ] }, { "cite": "664 N.E.2d 650", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1996, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "279 Ill. App. 3d 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 75332 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "7" }, { "page": "7" }, { "page": "7", "parenthetical": "the allegedly false statements of two bar patrons who told police officers the plaintiff had made threats with a knife were protected by absolute privilege" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/279/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "844 N.E.2d 1004", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2006, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "363 Ill. App. 3d 831", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5766524 ], "year": 2006, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "834" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/363/0831-01" ] }, { "cite": "465 N.E.2d 1059", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1984, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "125 Ill. App. 3d 415", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3633248 ], "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "418" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/125/0415-01" ] }, { "cite": "672 N.E.2d 1207", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1996, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "174 Ill. 2d 77", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 223609 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "88" }, { "page": "108" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/174/0077-01" ] }, { "cite": "685 N.E.2d 638", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1997, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "292 Ill. App. 3d 267", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 1725088 ], "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "275" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/292/0267-01" ] }, { "cite": "852 N.E.2d 825", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2006, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "221 Ill. 2d 558", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5703617 ], "year": 2006, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "579" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/221/0558-01" ] }, { "cite": "94 N.E.2d 686", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1950, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "341 Ill. App. 647", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App.", "case_ids": [ 4989067 ], "year": 1950, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "661" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app/341/0647-01" ] }, { "cite": "600 N.E.2d 1218", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1992, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "235 Ill. App. 3d 70", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5785516 ], "weight": 8, "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "86" }, { "page": "72" }, { "page": "72" }, { "page": "72-73" }, { "page": "72" }, { "page": "86" }, { "page": "86" }, { "page": "86" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/235/0070-01" ] }, { "cite": "696 N.E.2d 804", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1998, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "297 Ill. App. 3d 317", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 910282 ], "year": 1998, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "326" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/297/0317-01" ] }, { "cite": "856 N.E.2d 542", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2006, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "368 Ill. App. 3d 278", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 4266297 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2006, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "287" }, { "page": "287" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/368/0278-01" ] }, { "cite": "333 F. Supp. 2d 686", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F. Supp. 2d", "case_ids": [ 9210522 ], "weight": 4, "year": 2004, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "688" }, { "page": "688" }, { "page": "688" }, { "page": "688" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f-supp-2d/333/0686-01" ] }, { "cite": "888 N.E.2d 1190", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2008, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "382 Ill. App. 3d 620", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 4276513 ], "year": 2008, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "626-27" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/382/0620-01" ] }, { "cite": "835 N.E.2d 801", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2005, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "216 Ill. 2d 100", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3828029 ], "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "179" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/216/0100-01" ] }, { "cite": "788 N.E.2d 269", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2003, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "338 Ill. App. 3d 478", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 25362 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2003, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "484" }, { "page": "484" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/338/0478-01" ] }, { "cite": "05 C 5375", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Cow.", "year": 2007, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "unpublished memorandum opinion and order" } ], "opinion_index": 0 } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 1056, "char_count": 22452, "ocr_confidence": 0.763, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.5279921554833996e-07, "percentile": 0.6705742303894937 }, "sha256": "d5e6b7bce10dc244b7cd7644ebd213b4429d3633ef922e1232effe8c0aec497b", "simhash": "1:237bfcc6efecd471", "word_count": 3645 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T19:31:50.333780+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "MIA MORRIS, Plaintiff-Appellant and Cross-Appellee, v. HARVEY CYCLE AND CAMPER, INC., d/b/a Watson Motorsport, Ltd., et al., Defendants-Appellees and Cross-Appellants." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE CAHILL\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nPlaintiff Mia Morris appeals the dismissal of her second amended complaint against defendant Harvey Cycle & Camper, Inc., d/b/a Watson Motorsport, Ltd., under section 2 \u2014 619.1 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Code) (735 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 619.1 (West 2006)). Plaintiff alleged four counts in her complaint but on appeal she challenges only the dismissals of count I for violation of the Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Business Practices Act (Consumer Fraud Act) (815 ILCS 505/1 et seq. (West 2006)), and count IV for defamation per se. Defendant cross-appeals the denial of its motions for attorney fees from plaintiff for bringing a bad-faith law suit. We affirm.\nPlaintiff in the first version of her complaint named defendant\u2019s employees, John Does 1 through 5, as defendants, but omitted these parties from her second amended complaint. Plaintiff alleged in her second amended complaint defendant engaged in deceptive practices in the financing and sale of a car to her brother, Shawn, and in pressuring plaintiff to cosign a loan after Shawn failed to qualify for financing. Plaintiff claimed Shawn made a down payment on a car at defendant\u2019s dealership with the sale contingent on financing. Shawn was allowed to use the car while defendant attempted to arrange financing. After several days, defendant\u2019s employee called Shawn and asked him to come to the dealership to re-sign some loan papers. Plaintiff accompanied Shawn to the dealership, using the car Shawn was trying to buy, where they learned Shawn had not qualified for financing. Plaintiff alleged defendant\u2019s employees then pressured her to cosign the loan so the deal could go through. When plaintiff refused, an employee demanded the return of the car. Shawn agreed to return the car in exchange for his down payment. Defendant refused to return the down payment but continued to demand the car.\nPlaintiff further alleged defendant\u2019s employees started yelling at plaintiff and Shawn and blocked the car to prevent them from leaving the dealership. The employees then called the police, reporting the car as stolen. Several squad cars and police officers arrived. Defendant\u2019s employees told the officers plaintiff and Shawn had stolen the car. An officer later said the police considered defendant\u2019s call to be a false report. The officers told defendant\u2019s employees to stop yelling and trying to intimidate plaintiff and Shawn. Plaintiff and Shawn left in the car that Shawn had tried to purchase. He returned the car a few days later in exchange for his down payment. Plaintiff alleged that as a result of the ordeal, she suffered severe emotional distress, inconvenience and aggravation.\nPlaintiff in her second amended complaint called the court\u2019s attention to a 2005 lawsuit filed against defendant by William Reid and Renee Piel in the northern district of the federal court in Illinois. The action alleged misconduct similar to that alleged here. Plaintiffs Reid and Piel claimed defendant violated the Consumer Fraud Act by: (1) making deceptive and fraudulent calls to them concerning paperwork for a car sale; (2) pressuring them to buy cars they did not need; (3) trying to coerce a signature on a loan; (4) making deceptive statements on which they relied; (5) blocking the car\u2019s exit when they failed to comply with the defendant\u2019s demands; and (6) threatening them with arrest and calling the police. Reid v. Harvey Motorcycle & Camper, No. 05 C 5375, slip op. at 1-4 (N.D. Ill. November 30, 2007) (unpublished memorandum opinion and order). The district court held that Reid had failed to state a claim under the Consumer Fraud Act because he did not allege that he suffered proximate or actual damages separate from those suffered by Piel. Reid, slip op. at 5.\nDefendant moved to dismiss plaintiffs second amended complaint under section 2 \u2014 619.1 of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 619.1 (West 2006)), arguing plaintiff failed to state a cause of action and defendant had valid defenses to plaintiffs claims. The trial court dismissed count I, finding plaintiffs allegations of emotional distress failed to show damages. The court also dismissed count iy defamation per se, finding defendant\u2019s statements to the police were protected by absolute privilege.\nThe trial court then addressed defendant\u2019s motion for attorney fees under section 10a(c) of the Consumer Fraud Act (815 ILCS 505/ 10a(c) (West 2006)) and Supreme Court Rule 137 (155 Ill. 2d R. 137). Defendant argued it was entitled to attorney fees as the prevailing party in a matter where plaintiff had not acted in good faith. The trial court denied defendant\u2019s motion for attorney fees, finding plaintiffs action did not rise to the level of bad faith. The court based its conclusion in part on the fact that the plaintiffs in Reid alleged similar misconduct against the same defendant as here. The trial court called plaintiffs allegations \u201csomewhat serious\u201d and opined plaintiff might have been entitled to relief, depending on the facts and legal theories she presented. The trial court denied defendant\u2019s motion for attorney fees. The court also denied plaintiffs motion for reconsideration.\nWe review de novo a trial court\u2019s dismissal of a complaint under section 2 \u2014 619.1 of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 619.1 (West 2006)). Balmoral Racing Club, Inc. v. Gonzales, 338 Ill. App. 3d 478, 484, 788 N.E.2d 269 (2003). Section 2 \u2014 619.1 is a combined motion that incorporates sections 2 \u2014 615 and 2 \u2014 619 of the Code. 735 ILCS 5/2\u2014 619.1, 2 \u2014 615, 2 \u2014 619 (West 2006). \u201c[W]e accept all well-pleaded facts in the complaint as true and draw all reasonable inferences from those facts in favor of the nonmoving party.\u201d Balmoral Racing Club, 338 Ill. App. 3d at 484.\nPlaintiff first challenges the trial court\u2019s conclusion that she failed to state a private cause of action under the Consumer Fraud Act. This Act bars unlawful or unfair methods of competition, unfair or deceptive acts or practices or the use of deception, fraud, false pretense, false promise or misrepresentation. 815 ILCS 505/2 (West 2006). Section 10a(a) of the Consumer Fraud Act (815 ILCS 505/10a(a) (West 2006)) authorizes a private cause of action. Avery v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co., 216 Ill. 2d 100, 179, 835 N.E.2d 801 (2005). Only a person who suffers actual damages as a result of a violation of the Consumer Fraud Act may bring a private action. 815 ILCS 505/10a(a) (West 2006); Mulligan v. QVC, Inc., 382 Ill. App. 3d 620, 626-27, 888 N.E.2d 1190 (2008); Xydakis v. Target, Inc., 333 F. Supp. 2d 686, 688 (N.D. Ill. 2004). The Consumer Fraud Act provides remedies for purely economic injuries. White v. DaimlerChrysler Corp., 368 Ill. App. 3d 278, 287, 856 N.E.2d 542 (2006). Actual damages must be calculable and \u201cmeasured by the plaintiff\u2019s loss.\u201d Chicago v. Michigan Beach Housing Cooperative, 297 Ill. App. 3d 317, 326, 696 N.E.2d 804 (1998). The failure to allege specific, actual damages precludes a claim brought under the Consumer Fraud Act. White, 368 Ill. App. 3d at 287. Here, plaintiff did not allege actual damages in the form of specific economic injuries. She alleged only emotional damages. For this reason, the trial court correctly dismissed plaintiff\u2019s count I for relief under the Consumer Fraud Act.\nPlaintiff challenges this result by citing Roche v. Fireside Chrysler-Plymouth, Mazda, Inc., 235 Ill. App. 3d 70, 86, 600 N.E.2d 1218 (1992). Plaintiff argues that in Roche this court held that nonmonetary damages were compensable under the Act. The plaintiff in Roche filed a complaint against a car dealership, seeking actual and punitive damages based on: (1) conversion of the plaintiffs property; and (2) violations of the Consumer Fraud Act. Roche, 235 Ill. App. 3d at 72. A jury awarded the plaintiff $2,405 in compensatory and punitive damages for conversion. Roche, 235 Ill. App. 3d at 72. The trial court also found the defendant had violated the Consumer Fraud Act and awarded the plaintiff $750 in damages for aggravation and inconvenience. Roche, 235 Ill. App. 3d at 72-73. The defendant appealed. Roche, 235 Ill. App. 3d at 72. This court determined the plaintiff was misled by the dealership to believe her trade-in was a sufficient down payment for a new car and the dealership could arrange financing for her. Roche, 235 Ill. App. 3d at 86. \u201cWhen this representation proved to be untrue and [the dealership] failed to sell plaintiff the new [car] based on the terms of the original agreement or to return her used car or the equity in it, a direct violation of the [Consumer Fraud Act] occurred and resulted in damage to plaintiff.\u201d Roche, 235 Ill. App. 3d at 86. We affirmed the trial court\u2019s award of $750 in damages for the plaintiffs aggravation and inconvenience. Roche, 235 Ill. App. 3d at 86.\nThe northern district of the federal court distinguished Roche in Xydakis, 333 F. Supp. 2d at 688. The court explained that damages for aggravation are compensable under the Consumer Fraud Act only when they are part of a total award that includes actual economic damages. Xydakis, 333 F. Supp. 2d at 688. There is no cause of action under the Consumer Fraud Act when a plaintiff alleges only aggravation and not actual damages. Xydakis, 333 F. Supp. 2d at 688. We agree with the district court. Plaintiff here failed to allege damages other than emotional distress, inconvenience and aggravation. Roche does not authorize a private cause of action under the Consumer Fraud Act in these circumstances.\nWe note that in her appellate brief plaintiff argues the trial court erred in an interim written order by assessing her claims under section 10b(5) of the Consumer Fraud Act (815 ILCS 505/10b(5) (West 2006)). This section states that the Consumer Fraud Act does not apply to: \u201cClaims seeking damages for conduct that results in bodily injury, death, or damage to property other than the property that is subject to the practice claimed to be unlawful.\u201d 815 ILCS 505/10b(5) (West 2006). Plaintiff argues the trial court\u2019s dismissal of count I of her second amended complaint must be reversed because this section, which was cited in the earlier interim order, does not pertain to her claim of damages for emotional distress, aggravation and inconvenience. We have reviewed the order at issue and conclude the trial court\u2019s citation to this section was part of a general discussion of the provisions in the Consumer Fraud Act, not the grounds for dismissing her second amended complaint. But even if the trial court had relied on this section, reversal is not warranted. \u201cIt is established law that a correct decision on erroneous grounds is not a basis for reversal, and is harmless error. It is the correctness of the court\u2019s ruling and not the reasons therefor that is before the reviewing court.\u201d Rees v. Spillane, 341 Ill. App. 647, 661, 94 N.E.2d 686 (1950).\nPlaintiff next argues that the trial court erred in dismissing count iy defamation per se, on the grounds that defendant\u2019s stolen car report to the police was protected by absolute privilege. Plaintiff maintains the statements of defendant\u2019s employees to the police were not for the purpose of instituting legal proceedings but rather a \u201cstrong arm tactic\u201d to recover the car without refunding Shawn\u2019s down payment.\nTo establish defamation, the plaintiff must show the defendant: (1) made a false statement about the plaintiff; (2) made an unprivileged publication of that statement to a third party; and (3) damaged the plaintiff by publishing the statement. Solaia Technology, LLC v. Specialty Publishing Co., 221 Ill. 2d 558, 579, 852 N.E.2d 825 (2006). A defamatory remark is \u201cpublished\u201d when it is communicated to someone other than the plaintiff. Gibson v. Philip Morris, Inc., 292 Ill. App. 3d 267, 275, 685 N.E.2d 638 (1997). A remark that imputes the commission of a crime is per se defamatory. Bryson v. News America Publications, Inc., 174 Ill. 2d 77, 88, 672 N.E.2d 1207 (1996). Defamatory statements that would otherwise be actionable will escape liability when the conduct is to further an interest of social importance such as the investigation of an alleged crime. Thomas v. Petrulis, 125 Ill. App. 3d 415, 418, 465 N.E.2d 1059 (1984), citing W. Prosser, Torts \u00a7114, at 776 (4th ed. 1971). Defamatory statements are not actionable if they are protected by an absolute or conditional privilege. Zych v. Tucker, 363 Ill. App. 3d 831, 834, 844 N.E.2d 1004 (2006). \u201cIt has long been held that statements made to law enforcement officials, for the purpose of instituting legal proceedings, are granted absolute privilege.\u201d Vincent v. Williams, 279 Ill. App. 3d 1, 7, 664 N.E.2d 650 (1996). \u201cWhen absolute privilege attaches, no action for defamation lies, even where malice is alleged.\u201d Vincent, 279 Ill. App. 3d at 7.\nIllinois courts have affirmed the rule of absolute privilege for statements to law enforcement officials on several occasions. In Starnes v. International Harvester Co., 184 Ill. App. 3d 199, 203, 539 N.E.2d 1372 (1989), abrogated on other grounds in Bryson, 174 Ill. 2d at 108, we considered whether statements to law enforcement officials should be conditionally, but not absolutely, privileged. The plaintiff in Starnes was a judge who had presided over a contentious product liability trial. Starnes, 184 Ill. App. 3d at 201. Counsel for one of the parties considered the plaintiff remiss in his role as judge presiding over the trial and presented allegations of impropriety to federal law enforcement officials. Starnes, 184 Ill. App. 3d at 201. The plaintiff believed the allegations defamatory and filed an action for libel and slander. Starnes, 184 Ill. App. 3d at 201. The trial court concluded the statements to the law enforcement officers were protected by absolute privilege. The plaintiff appealed, arguing such immunity \u201ccondones and even encourages malicious harassment through police investigations.\u201d Starnes, 184 Ill. App. 3d at 203. The plaintiff maintained qualified privilege would provide adequate protection to those reporting alleged wrongdoing to law enforcement authorities. Starnes, 184 Ill. App. 3d at 203. This court disagreed, finding that in Illinois the absolute privilege rule applies when allegations of criminal activities are made to prosecuting authorities. Starnes, 184 Ill. App. 3d at 204. Illinois decisions following Starnes include Layne v. Builders Plumbing Supply Co., 210 Ill. App. 3d 966, 969-73, 569 N.E.2d 1104 (1991) (the defendant\u2019s allegedly false statement to the police that the plaintiff harassed, assaulted and verbally threatened a coworker was protected by absolute privilege regardless of allegations of malice), and Vincent, 279 Ill. App. 3d at 7 (the allegedly false statements of two bar patrons who told police officers the plaintiff had made threats with a knife were protected by absolute privilege). See also Bradley v. Avis Rental Car System, Inc., 902 E Supp. 814, 820 (N.D. Ill. 1995) (a report to the police by rental car agency employees, claiming plaintiff\u2019s rental car had been stolen when only a paperwork error had occurred, was protected by absolute privilege).\nPlaintiff argues that even if, under Starnes and its progeny, allegations of criminal activities made to institute legal proceedings are entitled to absolute privilege, the statements here were not intended to institute legal proceedings. Instead, the statements were intended as a \u201cstrong arm tactic\u201d for recovering the car. Plaintiff cites a Supreme Court opinion, Kalina v. Fletcher, 522 U.S. 118, 127, 139 L. Ed. 2d 471, 479-80, 118 S. Ct. 502, 508 (1997), to argue that the nature of the function being performed by the speaker in making an allegedly defamatory statement determines whether absolute immunity should apply. Plaintiff argues that the nature of the function here was to intimidate for commercial gain, not to institute proceedings for the theft of the car.\nIllinois is among a minority of states that afford absolute privilege to statements to law enforcement officials. See Fridovich v. Fridovich, 598 So. 2d 65, 67 n.4 (Fla. 1992) (for summary of state laws). While Florida recognizes only qualified privilege for private-citizen reports to the police, states in addition to Illinois that recognize absolute privilege include Kentucky, Idaho, Alabama, Oregon and Texas. Fridovich, 598 So. 2d at 67 n.4. See also Ledvina v. Cerasani, 213 Ariz. 569, 574, 146 P3d 70, 75 (App. 2006) (under a recent amendment to the Arizona Constitution, \u201cputative crime victims in Arizona are entitled to absolute immunity when they complain to police\u201d); Hagberg v. California Federal Bank FSB, 32 Cal. 4th 350, 81 P.3d 244, 7 Cal. Rptr. 3d 803 (2004) (a conflict between two California appellate courts was resolved in favor of absolute privilege).\nWe have not found a case in Illinois or another jurisdiction that applies absolute privilege in the unique circumstances presented here. Plaintiff here alleges a report of criminal activity to the police was not only false, but was used to intimidate and exert pressure on her to cosign a loan and not to institute legal proceedings. There are numerous jurisdictions where absolute privilege has been abandoned in favor of qualified or conditional privilege when the reporter of an alleged crime had a bad motive. See, for example, Gallo v. Barile, 284 Conn. 459, 472, 935 A.2d 103, 111 (2007) (an employer\u2019s informal statement to the police, accusing an employee of wrongdoing, would be protected from a defamation action only if the statement was made in good faith: \u201cIn view of the potentially disastrous consequences that may befall the victim of a false accusation of criminal wrongdoing, we are unwilling to afford absolute immunity to such statements\u201d); Pope v. Motel 6, 121 Nev. 301, 317, 114 P.3d 277, 283 (2005) (\u201cThe competing policies of safeguarding reputations and full disclosure are best served by a qualified privilege. To the extent that we suggested *** statements made to police before the initiation of criminal proceedings could be deemed \u2018communications preliminary to a judicial proceeding\u2019 under the Restatement (Second) of Torts, section 587, we recede from that premise\u201d); DeLong v. Yu Enterprises, Inc., 344 Or. 166, 169-70, 47 P.3d 8, 9-10 (2002) (a motel owner, who told the police that money and property were missing after a dispute with the motel manager, was not entitled to absolute immunity when the accusations proved baseless); Smits v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 525 N.W.2d 554, 557-58 (Minn. App. 1994) (Wal-Mart was not entitled to absolute or qualified privilege when, without adequate investigation, its employee reported to police that a competitor\u2019s employee was taking photographs inside the defendant\u2019s store with a stolen camera); Caldor, Inc. v. Bowden, 330 Md. 632, 652, 625 A.2d 959, 968 (1993) (an employer\u2019s malicious statements to police, accusing the plaintiff of theft before the commencement of an official investigation, were not entitled to absolute privilege).\nFlaintiff asks us to join the jurisdictions that afford only qualified and not absolute privilege when a person with an ulterior motive reports a \u201ccrime\u201d to the police. We decline to do so and reaffirm the long-standing law in Illinois that statements to law enforcement officials are absolutely privileged.\nDefendant maintains on cross-appeal the trial court erred in denying its motion for attorney fees under Supreme Court Rule 137 (155 Ill. 2d R. 137) and section 10(c) of the Consumer Fraud Act (815 ILCS 505/10(c) (West 2006)). Defendant argues plaintiffs allegations were not grounded in fact or existing law and failed to allege a good-faith basis for a change in the law. Defendant further claims plaintiff obstructed the discovery process and caused mounting expenses to defendant in defending an inappropriate lawsuit.\nSupreme Court Rule 137 provides that a trial court may impose a sanction against a party or its counsel if the pleadings are not warranted under existing law, supported by good-faith arguments for changes to laws or well grounded in fact. 155 Ill. 2d R. 137. The purpose of Rule 137 is to prevent frivolous and false lawsuits but not to penalize parties and their attorneys merely because a lawsuit is unsuccessful. Krawczyk v. Livaditis, 366 Ill. App. 3d 375, 379, 851 N.E.2d 862 (2006). Section 10a(c) of the Consumer Fraud Act allows the court to award \u201creasonable attorney\u2019s fees and costs to the prevailing party.\u201d 815 ILCS 505/10a(c) (West 2006). A trial court may award attorney fees under section 10a(c) only if it first makes a threshold finding that the plaintiff acted in bad faith. Krautsack v. Anderson, 223 Ill. 2d 541, 559, 861 N.E.2d 633 (2006).\nDecisions on motions for attorney fees are generally left to the sound discretion of the trial court. Krautsack, 223 Ill. 2d at 554. \u201cAn abuse of discretion occurs when the ruling is arbitrary, fanciful, or unreasonable, or when no reasonable person would take the same view.\u201d Favia v. Ford Motor Co., 381 Ill. App. 3d 809, 815, 886 N.E.2d 1182 (2008).\nHere, the trial court determined plaintiffs lawsuit did not rise to the level of bad faith and found plaintiffs allegations \u201csomewhat serious.\u201d The court did not believe plaintiff\u2019s lawsuit was false and frivolous as shown by its conclusion that plaintiff might have been entitled to relief under certain legal and factual circumstances. We do not believe the trial court abused its discretion in denying defendant\u2019s motions for attorney fees.\nThe judgment of the circuit court is affirmed for the following reasons: (1) plaintiff failed to state a cause of action under the Consumer Fraud Act by alleging only emotional injuries and not actual economic injuries; (2) defendant\u2019s employees were protected from liability for defamation because their statements to the police were protected by absolute privilege; and (3) the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying defendant\u2019s motion for attorney fees.\nAffirmed.\nO\u2019MALLEY, P.J., and J. GORDON, J., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE CAHILL" } ], "attorneys": [ "Keith J. Keogh and Alexander H. Burke, both of Law Offices of Keith J. Keogh, Ltd., of Chicago, for appellant.", "Jason J. Friedl, of Purcell & Wardrope, Chtrd., of Chicago, for appellees." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "MIA MORRIS, Plaintiff-Appellant and Cross-Appellee, v. HARVEY CYCLE AND CAMPER, INC., d/b/a Watson Motorsport, Ltd., et al., Defendants-Appellees and Cross-Appellants.\nFirst District (6th Division)\nNo. 1\u201407\u20143271\nOpinion filed June 12, 2009.\nKeith J. Keogh and Alexander H. Burke, both of Law Offices of Keith J. Keogh, Ltd., of Chicago, for appellant.\nJason J. Friedl, of Purcell & Wardrope, Chtrd., of Chicago, for appellees." }, "file_name": "0399-01", "first_page_order": 415, "last_page_order": 423 }