{ "id": 4289440, "name": "TERRY E. READY, Special Adm'r of the Estate of Michael P. Ready, Deceased, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. UNITED/GOEDECKE SERVICES, INC., Defendant-Appellant and Counterplaintiff (BMW Constructors, Inc., et al., Defendants; Midwest Generation EME, L.L.C., et al., Counterdefendants)", "name_abbreviation": "Ready v. United/Goedecke Services, Inc.", "decision_date": "2009-06-30", "docket_number": "No. 1-04-1762", "first_page": "56", "last_page": "60", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "393 Ill. App. 3d 56" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "232 Ill. 2d 369", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3619618 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2009, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "385" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/232/0369-01" ] }, { "cite": "168 Ill. 2d 83", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 307264 ], "weight": 5, "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "93" }, { "page": "93" }, { "page": "94" }, { "page": "94" }, { "page": "100", "parenthetical": "a litigant has the right to have the jury clearly and fairly instructed upon each theory that was supported by the evidence" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/168/0083-01" ] }, { "cite": "233 Ill. 2d 416", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3621380 ], "weight": 4, "year": 2009, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "444-45" }, { "page": "442" }, { "page": "444" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/233/0416-01" ] }, { "cite": "228 Ill. 2d 439", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5706410 ], "year": 2008, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "460" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/228/0439-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 494, "char_count": 9610, "ocr_confidence": 0.772, "pagerank": { "raw": 5.8591662004228935e-08, "percentile": 0.36565336434672446 }, "sha256": "6cad981a4e93f685ceac9d50f6175f238999237923c0edee4cbf830240a82281", "simhash": "1:f8ab8d28ffbd952c", "word_count": 1553 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:16:56.365944+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "TERRY E. READY, Special Adm\u2019r of the Estate of Michael P. Ready, Deceased, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. UNITED/GOEDECKE SERVICES, INC., Defendant-Appellant and Counterplaintiff (BMW Constructors, Inc., et al., Defendants; Midwest Generation EME, L.L.C., et al., Counterdefendants)." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "PRESIDING JUSTICE KARNEZIS\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nThis cause has been remanded to this court for a ruling on whether defendant United/Goedecke Services, Inc. (United), was deprived of presenting a sole proximate cause defense. For the following reasons, we reverse and remand for a new trial.\nWe note that the facts in this case are fully set forth in the supreme court\u2019s modified opinion, so we briefly set forth only those facts relevant to the issue on remand. Plaintiff, Terry E. Ready, special administrator of the estate of Michael P. Ready (Ready), sued defendants United/Goedecke Services, Inc., BMW Constructors, Inc. (BMW), and Midwest Generation EME, L.L.C. (Midwest), as a result of an accident in which Ready was killed. Ready\u2019s accident occurred at Midwest\u2019s factory in Joliet, Illinois. Ready was a mechanic employed by Midwest Generation, L.L.C., whose parent company was defendant Midwest. Ready was working on a pipe-refitting project at the factory. As part of the project, scaffolding material had to be raised from the ground floor to the eighth floor, where a scaffold would be assembled so that the pipe-refitting work could be performed. Midwest hired BMW as the general contractor for the project and BMW hired United as the scaffolding subcontractor to erect the scaffolding. Ready was killed when one of the beams that was to be used for scaffolding fell eight stories and struck him.\nPlaintiff settled her claims prior to trial with defendants Midwest and BMW. United did not object to the settlements and the circuit court found they were made in good faith. The jury returned a verdict for plaintiff in the amount of $14,230,000. It assessed Ready\u2019s contributory negligence at 35%, which reduced the judgment to $9,250,000. The circuit court allowed a setoff of approximately $1,112,502, which was the total amount paid to plaintiff by the settling defendants.\nOn remand, we address United\u2019s contention that it was deprived of a sole proximate cause defense when the circuit court excluded evidence of the conduct of defendants Midwest and BMW, and also refused United\u2019s jury instruction on sole proximate cause.\nConduct of Settling Defendants\nPrior to trial, plaintiff filed several motions in limine seeking to bar the introduction of any evidence at trial relating to the conduct of Midwest and BMW. The circuit court granted the motions, finding that any evidence relating to Midwest and BMW was irrelevant because they had settled with plaintiff prior to trial.\nThe trial court\u2019s ruling on evidentiary motions such as motions in limine are left to the court\u2019s discretion and will not be disturbed on appeal absent an abuse of that discretion. In re Leona W., 228 Ill. 2d 439, 460 (2008).\nOur supreme court\u2019s recent opinion in Nolan v. Weil-McLain, 233 Ill. 2d 416 (2009), is instructive. In Nolan, the plaintiff sued numerous corporations alleging that the decedent developed an asbestos-related disease after being negligently exposed to the defendants\u2019 asbestos-containing products during his 38-year career. All the defendants except Weil-McLain settled with plaintiff prior to trial. Weil-McLain filed a motion in limine to present evidence at trial that the sole proximate cause of the decedent\u2019s death was his exposure to asbestos-containing products of nonparty entities. The trial court denied the motion, barring Weil-McLain from introducing evidence of decedent\u2019s other asbestos exposures. The supreme court reversed and remanded for a new trial, holding that Weil-McLain should have been permitted to present evidence to establish that the conduct of another entity was the sole proximate cause of the decedent\u2019s injury. Nolan, 233 Ill. 2d at 444-45. The court found that it was error to exclude the evidence when proximate cause was disputed and the defendant pursued a sole proximate cause defense, following its prior decision in Leondardi v. Loyola University of Chicago, 168 Ill. 2d 83, 93 (1995). Nolan, 233 Ill. 2d at 442. The court additionally noted that there was no special exception for certain types of tort cases, such as medical malpractice or asbestos-injury cases, and that the general principles of tort law set forth in those cases were universally applicable to all tort actions. Nolan, 233 Ill. 2d at 444.\nIn Leonardi, the plaintiff\u2019s decedent suffered irreversible brain damage shortly after giving birth and died several years later. The plaintiff filed a lawsuit against the hospital where she received treatment and against several physicians. The plaintiff settled with one defendant, Dr. Tierney, prior to trial and he was dismissed from the suit. Before trial, the plaintiff filed a motion in limine seeking to bar evidence regarding the alleged negligence of any person other than the named defendants. The trial court denied the motion and at trial allowed the defendants to question several witnesses regarding Dr. Tier-ney\u2019s duties and responsibilities as decedent\u2019s attending physician. The jury returned a verdict for defendants. On appeal, the plaintiff argued that the court\u2019s denial of its motion in limine was erroneous because evidence of Dr. Tierney\u2019s conduct was irrelevant and, therefore, inadmissible. The supreme court found the trial court\u2019s order proper because the defense theory at trial was that Dr. Tierney was the sole proximate cause of decedent\u2019s injuries and the defendants denied that they were even partly a proximate cause of the decedent\u2019s injuries. Leonardi, 168 Ill. 2d at 93. The court further stated that \u201can answer which denies that an injury was the result of or caused by the defendant\u2019s conduct is sufficient to permit the defendant in support of his position to present evidence that the injury was the result of another cause.\u201d Leonardi, 168 Ill. 2d at 94. The court also stated that the sole proximate cause defense merely focuses the attention of a properly instructed jury on the plaintiff\u2019s duty to prove that the defendant\u2019s conduct was a proximate cause of the plaintiffs injury. Leonardi, 168 Ill. 2d at 94.\nHere, pursuant to the supreme court\u2019s decisions in Nolan and Leonardi, we find that the circuit court should not have excluded evidence of Midwest and BMW\u2019s conduct. It was an abuse of discretion for the court to grant plaintiffs motions in limine as to that issue. As the court stated in Leonardi, an answer that is a general denial that an injury was the result of or caused by the defendant\u2019s conduct is sufficient to permit the defendant, in support of its position, to present evidence that the injury was the result of another cause. United\u2019s denial of liability was sufficient to permit it to present evidence that Ready\u2019s death was the result of another entity\u2019s conduct.\nFurther, we find that the error was not harmless. United notes in its brief that if it had been able to present evidence of Midwest and BMW\u2019s conduct, then the jury could have ultimately found in favor of United. With respect to Midwest\u2019s conduct, United notes that the evidence would have shown that Midwest was in charge of operating the tugger and deciding how the signaling would be done. The jury could have also heard that Midwest\u2019s workers failed to barricade off the tugger bay where Ready was struck by the beam. With respect to BMW\u2019s conduct, United notes that the evidence would have shown that BMW should have provided a crane to lift the beams outside the factory as required by the contract and discussed in the pre-bid meeting. We agree that had the jury heard the \u201cwhole story,\u201d its verdict may have been different.\nBecause we have determined that a new trial is in order, we need not address United\u2019s contention that the circuit court erred when it refused United\u2019s jury instruction on sole proximate cause. Nevertheless, to the extent that this issue may again occur on retrial, we direct the circuit court that a determination regarding the instruction given will depend upon the evidence adduced at retrial. See Leonardi, 168 Ill. 2d at 100 (a litigant has the right to have the jury clearly and fairly instructed upon each theory that was supported by the evidence).\nAccordingly, we reverse and remand the cause for a new trial.\nReversed and remanded.\nHOFFMAN and THEIS, JJ., concur.\nSee Ready v. United Goedecke Services, Inc., 232 Ill. 2d 369 (2009).\nWe note that the supreme court\u2019s opinion framed the issue that we should address on remand as \u201cUnited\u2019s concern that it was deprived of a sole proximate cause defense when the trial court refused its request for an instruction on sole proximate cause.\u201d Ready, 232 Ill. 2d at 385. After reviewing the briefs submitted to this court in the original appeal, it is abundantly clear that United\u2019s sole proximate cause defense argument had two components: the circuit court\u2019s exclusion of evidence regarding the conduct of the settling defendants, and the circuit court\u2019s refusal to instruct the jury on sole proximate cause. Therefore, we address both of United\u2019s arguments regarding its sole proximate cause defense.", "type": "majority", "author": "PRESIDING JUSTICE KARNEZIS" } ], "attorneys": [ "Clausen Miller, EC., of Chicago (Edward M. Kay, Barbara I. Michaelides, Paula M. Carstensen, and Paul V Esposito, of counsel), for appellant.", "Power Rogers & Smith, EC., of Chicago (Joseph A. Power, Jr., and Devon C. Bruce, of counsel), for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "TERRY E. READY, Special Adm\u2019r of the Estate of Michael P. Ready, Deceased, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. UNITED/GOEDECKE SERVICES, INC., Defendant-Appellant and Counterplaintiff (BMW Constructors, Inc., et al., Defendants; Midwest Generation EME, L.L.C., et al., Counterdefendants).\nFirst District (2nd Division)\nNo. 1 \u2014 04\u20141762\nOpinion filed June 30, 2009.\nClausen Miller, EC., of Chicago (Edward M. Kay, Barbara I. Michaelides, Paula M. Carstensen, and Paul V Esposito, of counsel), for appellant.\nPower Rogers & Smith, EC., of Chicago (Joseph A. Power, Jr., and Devon C. Bruce, of counsel), for appellee." }, "file_name": "0056-01", "first_page_order": 72, "last_page_order": 76 }