{ "id": 4291945, "name": "TOM GEISE PLUMBING, INC., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. PATRICK TAYLOR et al., Defendants-Appellees", "name_abbreviation": "Tom Geise Plumbing, Inc. v. Taylor", "decision_date": "2009-11-10", "docket_number": "No. 4\u201408\u20140799", "first_page": "289", "last_page": "304", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "396 Ill. App. 3d 289" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "397 Ill. App. 3d 328", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "397 Ill. App. 3d 327", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "394 Ill. App. 3d 248", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 4291003 ], "year": 2009, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/394/0248-01" ] }, { "cite": "902 N.E.2d 769", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2009, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "776" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "888 N.E.2d 54", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 2008, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "60" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "228 Ill. 2d 281", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5706602 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2008, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "291" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/228/0281-01" ] }, { "cite": "879 N.E.2d 543", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 2007, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "548" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "377 Ill. App. 3d 842", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 4273049 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2007, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "848" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/377/0842-01" ] }, { "cite": "859 N.E.2d 1070", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 2006, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1075" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "369 Ill. App. 3d 309", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 4268062 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2006, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "314-15" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/369/0309-01" ] }, { "cite": "831 N.E.2d 1169", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1172" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "358 Ill. App. 3d 545", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5731945 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "548" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/358/0545-01" ] }, { "cite": "397 Ill. App. 3d 317", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 4293858 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2009, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "326" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/397/0317-01" ] }, { "cite": "536 N.E.2d 438", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "440-41" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "180 Ill. App. 3d 591", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2615582 ], "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "595" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/180/0591-01" ] }, { "cite": "700 N.E.2d 1064", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1998, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1070" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "299 Ill. App. 3d 157", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 221479 ], "year": 1998, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "164" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/299/0157-01" ] }, { "cite": "639 N.E.2d 1282", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1290" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "159 Ill. 2d 469", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 781334 ], "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "486" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/159/0469-01" ] }, { "cite": "872 N.E.2d 91", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "374 Ill. App. 3d 1064", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 7328995 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/374/1064-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 1306, "char_count": 39074, "ocr_confidence": 0.761, "pagerank": { "raw": 4.7492960360752035e-08, "percentile": 0.2983934584603195 }, "sha256": "1553ac2a013032e8c5425e9bb4a8c3eeb736a3365e91191a93cff0c861f904be", "simhash": "1:7a74dd90775d22de", "word_count": 6462 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:39:01.503812+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "TOM GEISE PLUMBING, INC., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. PATRICK TAYLOR et al., Defendants-Appellees." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE MYERSCOUGH\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nIn May 2008, plaintiff, Tom Geise Plumbing, Inc., an Illinois corporation, filed a complaint against defendants, Patrick and Robin Taylor, seeking monetary damages for defendants\u2019 failure to pay plaintiff for plumbing work plaintiff performed. In June 2008, defendants filed a motion to dismiss, arguing plaintiff violated the Home Repair and Remodeling Act (Act) (815 ILCS 513/1 through 999 (West 2006)). In September 2008, the trial court (1) granted defendants\u2019 motion to dismiss and (2) denied plaintiffs motion to supplement the evidence. We reverse and remand.\nI. BACKGROUND\nOn May 15, 2008, plaintiff filed a complaint alleging defendants had failed and refused to pay plaintiff for plumbing services provided by plaintiff to defendants in the amount of $11,251.49 for work completed on defendants\u2019 building at 614 through 618 Maine Street in Quincy, Illinois. The building at 614 through 618 Maine Street is one building with three commercial storefronts. Plaintiff attached its proposal-estimate, which was unsigned by either party, to the complaint. The proposal estimated the work would cost between $4,800 and $6,300. The proposal stated \u201c[a]ny alteration or deviation from the above specifications involving extra costs will be executed only upon written orders, and will become an extra charge over and above the estimate.\u201d Exhibit B, also attached to the complaint, was the itemized invoice plaintiff sent defendants for all of the work completed. The invoice totaled $11,251.49.\nOn June 24, 2008, defendants filed a motion under section 2 \u2014 619 of the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 619 (West 2006)) to dismiss. The motion did not specify under which subsection defendants were proceeding. Defendants alleged the following: (1) at all relevant times, they resided at 614 Maine Street in Quincy, Illinois; (2) their residence is a single-family dwelling; (3) the work set forth in exhibits A and B constitutes home repair and remodeling as defined by the Act; (4) plaintiff failed to comply with the Act by not (a) providing a written contract stating the total cost (815 ILCS 513/15 (West 2006)), (b) obtaining a signed contract or purchase order from defendants prior to the commencement of work or charging for the remodeling or repair work (815 ILCS 513/15, 30 (West 2006)), and (c) providing defendants with a consumer rights brochure (815 ILCS 513/20 (West 2006)); and (5) plaintiffs failure to comply with the Act\u2019s requirements precluded plaintiff from recovering on its breach-of-contract claim.\nBoth defendants submitted an affidavit in support of their motion to dismiss. Defendants\u2019 affidavits stated that at all times referenced in the complaint they resided at 614 Maine Street in Quincy and the residence was a single-family dwelling. Defendants discussed the renovation and repairs with a representative of plaintiff and received a copy of the estimate that was set forth as exhibit A in the complaint. Defendants were never asked to sign the estimate, nor did they witness a representative of plaintiff sign the estimate prior to performing the work or billing defendants for the work performed. Moreover, the estimate was the only written document regarding the work to be performed that defendants saw prior to the commencement of the renovations and repairs. Defendants each denied that plaintiff provided them a copy of the consumer rights brochure as required by section 20 of the Act (815 ILCS 513/20 (West 2006)).\nOn August 7, 2009, plaintiff filed a response to defendants\u2019 motion to dismiss. Plaintiff attached the affidavit of Tom Geise, plaintiff\u2019s owner, as exhibit A to plaintiffs response to the motion to dismiss. Plaintiff stated the photographs attached to the affidavit clearly show 614 Maine Street in Quincy is a commercial structure where one unit is an art gallery, a second unit is an art school or studio, and the third unit is available for commercial lease. Plaintiff also stated the Act does not apply to original construction of single- or multiple-family residences. Plaintiff maintained that at the time work on defendants\u2019 property commenced, the area in question was unoccupied and was being used for the sole purpose of storage. Moreover, plaintiff maintained section 15 of the Act only requires a written contract to be furnished prior to the commencement of work, not that it actually be signed. Further, according to plaintiff, the parties had an extensive history of past dealings with one another regarding work performed by plaintiff on properties owned or controlled by defendants and at no time during these dealings was it the course of conduct of the parties to have a signed contract.\nGeise\u2019s affidavit stated defendants asked his company to prepare a proposal for various plumbing work at 614 Maine Street, the majority of which was to be performed on the second floor of the structure. Prior to making his proposal, Geise inspected the property and found the second floor was not occupied and was being used as a storage facility. \u201cBased on [Geise\u2019s] observation, it was clear to [him] that this space had been used exclusively for storage or commercial purposes (i.e., a dance studio) for a number of years.\u201d Geise prepared an initial proposal for the work to be performed and submitted it to defendants. Defendants instructed Geise, as agent for plaintiff, to begin work in accordance with the proposal. After work began, defendants \u201cmade numerous requests that additional items and additional work not contemplated by the original proposal be supplied.\u201d Plaintiff informed defendants that they would be charged for labor as well as the materials associated with defendants\u2019 additional requests and the final cost would be more than what the original proposal stated. The affidavit further stated that plaintiff had performed work for defendants on at least six separate occasions and at no time during any of the parties\u2019 past dealings was there a signed contract between plaintiff and defendants. Finally, Geise\u2019s affidavit states that he personally examined the property in question and \u201ccurrently, the lower level is occupied by an art gallery, and art studio[,] and a third unit is marked as being for lease.\u201d Based on Geise\u2019s \u201cpersonal observation, the upper level of 614 Maine Street was completely [uninhabitable prior to the commencement\u201d of plaintiffs work. Moreover, any of the plumbing fixtures that plaintiff installed \u201cwere of a commercial as opposed to residential character.\u201d\nOn September 3, 2008, the trial court held a hearing on defendants\u2019 motion to dismiss. Robin Taylor testified she lives at \u201c614 through 618 Maine Street.\u201d Robin stated she and her husband purchased the building that includes 614 Maine Street in 2003 for the purpose of living in the upstairs of the building and renting the three retail spaces on the first floor. According to Robin, they lived there for a couple of years and then bought another building at 938 Maine Street and moved into it for about two years before moving back into the building at 614 through 618 Maine Street in March 2007. When defendants moved into the building at 938 Maine Street, they moved their beds and other belongings there but kept some belongings at 614 Maine Street.\nOriginally, defendants were going to reside on just the third floor. However, after the dance studio that had been renting the second floor moved out, defendants decided to live on the second floor as well. They had an architect design the third floor, and Robin discussed with a building contractor how she wanted the rooms on the second floor to be done.\nIn October 2007, defendants contacted plaintiff. Geise and a female employee of plaintiff came to view the property. Robin \u201cwalked them through the space and told them what [her] plans were for the kitchen, the bedrooms, the bathrooms, and what [Geise] was to be doing. And [they] also wanted to put a bathroom up on the third floor.\u201d Robin explained to Geise and the other employee that defendants were living there. Her \u201cbed and everything was there when he went through.\u201d Later on, she testified their bedroom, living room, and dining room furniture were all there during this walk-through. In November 2007, Geise and another employee, Kevin, did another walk-through with Robin. Geise gave her the proposal at this walk-through.\nRobin identified exhibit A as the proposal Geise gave her. Listed on exhibit A were a kitchen sink, whirlpool bathtub, and a washer hookup. Defendants were never asked for a signature before plaintiff started work. Moreover, neither Geise nor a representative of plaintiff gave defendants a pamphlet entitled \u201cHome Repair: Know Your Consumer Rights.\u201d The proposal estimated the cost of the work to be between $4,800 and $6,800.\nOn cross-examination, Robin stated there were three different addresses for the building because there were three commercial rental units on the ground floor. The second floor was being used as a dance studio when defendants purchased the building in 2003, and this continued until late 2006. The second floor had a bathroom with two stalls. Defendants\u2019 daughter uses one and their son uses the other. The third floor was not being used when defendants bought the building. The second level was just wooden floors with an open space, and the third floor was open space with the exception of one panel wall. There was no shower or bathtub on either the second or third floor in October 2007 when plaintiff\u2019s representatives did the initial walk-through with Robin. Defendants had been showering in the shower that had been installed behind the art gallery on the first floor. The estimate in the proposal was based on plaintiff installing one lavatory, one washer hookup, one whirlpool bath, and one stool. Robin did not know why the proposal only stated there would be one toilet because they had discussed installing four toilets. Ultimately, plaintiff installed four toilet hookups. Robin acknowledged either she or her husband contacted plaintiff and instructed them to start work in late November 2007.\nRobin stated Jeremy Turner was the building contractor defendants hired to put up walls. Turner began work in November 2007. At the time Geise gave her the proposal, Turner had not begun putting walls up yet.\nGeise testified he is president of plaintiff corporation and has been involved in the plumbing business for nearly 40 years. Defendants contacted plaintiff in October 2007. Geise had heard of defendants but did not know them personally. He thought his son, who works for plaintiff corporation, had done work for them before. To Geise\u2019s knowledge, none of that work was at 614 Maine Street.\nWhen Geise met Robin at the building for the first time, Robin took him to the basement. They \u201cstarted off down in the basement trying to find where the sewer lines [were] so we could hook on to the sewer. She wanted to put a bathroom upstairs on the second floor.\u201d Geise stated defendants were living in the back of one of the ground-level units. Geise believed Patrick and the children were on the first floor while Robin was showing him around.\nAccording to Geise, the second floor was a wide-open space. It had a mop sink and stool. The mop sink was similar to a janitor\u2019s sink, and it was constructed of fiberglass. Robin had an old wall-hung cast-iron sink getting refinished that she wanted to use. Geise did not observe any beds on the second floor during this first visit. Geise also stated he did not observe any walls that had been installed or a couch or television at this time. He could not say whether there was electricity because they did not need to turn it on since there was plenty of light coming through the window. Based on what he observed, Geise stated nobody was living on the second floor the first time he visited the building. The third floor was wide open as well, and nothing was up there other than a child\u2019s battery-operated car.\nGeise stated the bid called for installing a bathroom on the second floor. This involved putting in a stool, a bathtub, and a lavatory. None of these items were on the second floor the first time he looked at the building. There was not a water heater on the second floor either, but the bid called for installing one. There was no plumbing on the third floor at the time of this meeting. However, there was a vent stack running up from the floor below to the roof. A vent stack lets sewer gases escape from the pipes. Robin wanted to put a sink and a stool on the third floor. The bid also contemplated a hookup for a washing machine on \u201cthe main living floor.\u201d\nOn cross-examination, Geise was asked whether his understanding during the first walk-through was that defendants were going to be living there. Geise stated \u201cI believe that\u2019s what she said she was gonna do.\u201d Geise acknowledged that the items Robin was asking to be installed were consistent with residential plumbing. Geise also acknowledged he was not aware of the Act. Geise stated he never provided defendants with a copy of a brochure entitled \u201cHome Repair: Know Your Consumer Rights,\u201d nor had he ever provided an individual that he had done work for with a copy of the brochure.\nGeise stated he usually signs the proposals before submitting them to potential customers. He acknowledged the copy of the proposal attached to his complaint was not signed by him. Geise could not recall the dates of either the first or second walk-through.\nOn redirect, Geise stated that based on his observations, nobody was living on the second or third floor. Defendants were living in a unit on the first floor.\nCandy Maas is employed with plaintiff as a secretary. She types up bids and bills. Geise prepares the bids, brings them to Maas, and Maas then looks them over and types them up. Geise usually signs them, and then they are mailed to the customer. The bid submitted to defendants was mailed.\nMaas accompanied Geise to 614 Maine Street for the first walk-through. Robin met them there and showed them the building. The first floor was being used as a haunted house at the time. The second floor just had a bunch of items lying around. \u201cThere were clothes piled up. There were shoes. Just a bunch of stuff laying [sic] around.\u201d There was no kitchen on the second floor. Maas recalled seeing a washer and dryer but could not recall whether they were hooked up. The proposal called for hooking up a new washer and dryer in a different location from where the ones Maas saw on the day of the first walk-through were located. Maas could not recall seeing other fixtures that were hooked up. Maas saw other fixtures that were not hooked up such as \u201cone or two old cast iron sinks, the long drainage, the long cast iron sinks of a kitchen.\u201d Maas did recall seeing at least one bed. Other furniture was on the second floor \u201cbut stuff was piled\u201d on it. Maas could not see how anybody could be living on the second floor \u201c[b]ecause of all the stuff piled up\u201d and because it is \u201ckind of hard to live somewhere without a kitchen.\u201d There was one wall back in the corner by the stairwell that led upstairs. Like Geise, Maas stated she did not know if the electricity worked on the second floor because there was no need to turn the lights on since the sunlight coming through the windows was sufficient to light the room. There were no curtains on the second-floor windows. The second floor did not have a shower, bathtub, refrigerator, stove, or a closet where clothes were hanging.\nThe third floor \u201cwas a big open area. There was a desk over in the corner with some shelves there. On the other side there was, looked like a collection of Halloween *** stuff.\u201d It did not appear to Maas as if anybody was living on the third floor.\nKevin Geise has been employed by plaintiff since 1991. Kevin went with Tom to look at 614 Maine Street in November 2007. Some walls were being built but not enough so that they could \u201ceven start plumbing.\u201d Kevin stated \u201c[i]t looked like somebody was trying to live there. I don\u2019t know if they were or not. There was one toilet, and I think there was a mop sink. *** I took my brother down there that was gonna do the job, and that\u2019s when the carpenter said, well, that toilet\u2019s in the way. You got to get rid of it, and that sink.\u201d They \u201ccapped\u201d everything off. There was not a toilet there for a week or so.\nKevin did not see a kitchen, refrigerator, or stove on the second floor. When asked if he had seen a bathroom on the second floor, Kevin stated \u201cI guess you could classify it as a half bath with a toilet and a sink. But there\u2019s no bathing facilities.\u201d\nKevin saw a half bath and a kitchen on the first floor. However, to see the kitchen, Kevin said they had to go next door to a building that Kevin identified as exhibit 1-E.\nWhen asked if the second floor was habitable in his opinion, Kevin stated that he \u201cwouldn\u2019t raise [his] kids in there with no toilet, with no shower or anything like that, especially as young as [defendants\u2019] kids are, and running around there.\u201d There was no kitchen on the second floor. The stove and kitchen sink were not hooked up. Everything was piled up, the sink and stove were just lying there. \u201c[T]heir stuff might have been there, but you couldn\u2019t classify it as a kitchen because there was no sink, there was [sic] no drains, no water lines.\u201d\nThere was nothing on the third floor. \u201cThe third floor had, had ceiling joists and everything cut out, and there was nothing there.\u201d Kevin thought there may have been a desk in the back corner. Defendants said they wanted a half bath up there and then changed their minds and wanted a full bath. \u201c[T]here was a whirlpool tub up there, but it was still in the crate and there was no way that anybody ever used it.\u201d The tub looked like it had been there for a few years because of the dust, but it was \u201cbrand new in the crate.\u201d\nOn cross-examination, defense counsel asked Kevin \u201cwas it your understanding that you would be doing work that would be a residence for someone as opposed to a commercial job?\u201d Kevin responded, \u201cYes, it was going to be a residence.\u201d\nOn redirect, Kevin stated that at the time he started the job, he would not have classified 614 Maine Street as a residence. There were no walls around the toilet, \u201cit sat out in the middle of the back room.\u201d\nOn rebuttal, defense counsel recalled Robin to the stand. Robin stated that 614 Maine Street was the only place she had resided from March 2007 until the date of the hearing. Patrick and the children had not resided anywhere other than 614 Maine Street during this time period either. After one of defendants\u2019 children was born on December 5, 2007, Robin \u201cstayed downstairs because the hot water was downstairs, but that was just [Robin].\u201d The first floor had a toilet and sink in the bathroom. \u201cThere\u2019s a shower and kitchen set-up.\u201d Robin could have cooked in the kitchen, but she stated they mostly went out to eat.\nRobin stated the second floor contained the mop sink and toilet. She said the toilet was walled in at the time.\nOn cross-examination, Robin stated there was never hot water or a shower on the second or third floor between March 2007 and December 2007. When asked if there was ever a stove or refrigerator on those floors during that same time period, Robin stated there was a small refrigerator for storing drinks. No stove was hooked up on the second or third floor during that time period.\nTimothy Geise is employed by plaintiff corporation. Timothy did most of the plumbing work on the second and third floors of 614 Maine Street in late 2007. Timothy stated that when he commenced work, there was a stool and a mop sink on the second floor that was immediately removed. The walls were framed, and he was supposed to start roughing in all the new fixtures. There was not a kitchen on the second or third floor. No bathroom existed on the second or third floor after the toilet was removed. Defendants told Timothy they used a bucket for handling waste during the several days between when the toilet was removed from the second floor and the new one was installed instead of using the toilet on the first floor. Moreover, to get to the bathroom on the first floor, one would have to go outside and \u201cgo around the second storefront to get into a place to use the bathroom.\u201d There was also a bed, stove, and shower on the first floor.\nOn cross-examination, defense counsel impeached Timothy with his previous conviction for possession of cannabis and another unidentified felony conviction.\nTimothy first met defendants at the beginning of January 2008 when he began work on 614 Maine Street. The job took him about three weeks to complete.\nThe parties then presented their arguments to the trial court. Defense counsel argued plaintiff violated the Act by not (1) providing defendants with the pamphlet and (2) obtaining defendants\u2019 written signature on the contract for the work to be performed. Defense counsel also stated it was undisputed that the work was \u201ca remodel of an existing structure.\u201d Counsel argued the building was defendants\u2019 residence and the Act was applicable to the work done there.\nPlaintiffs counsel argued that this situation does not fall under the Act because the evidence showed the second and third floors of 614 Maine Street were not a family dwelling. Instead, counsel argued the work being done changed \u201cthe inherent purpose of the building from one purpose to another.\u201d Therefore, the work was \u201cmore akin to original construction\u201d than it was to remodeling, \u201cwhich is the purpose of this particular [A]ct.\u201d\nThe trial court concluded plaintiff did not comply with the Act because plaintiff failed to (1) obtain a signed contract before beginning the work and (2) provide defendants with a copy of the brochure required by section 20 of the Act. The court also found \u201cthe defendants were occupying this property as a residence. They intended to use it as a residence.\u201d The court then reserved ruling on the issue of whether the property was \u201cprimarily\u201d designed or used as a residence.\nOn September 4, 2008, the parties requested that the trial court reserve ruling pending settlement discussions. The court set the case for status review on September 23, 2008.\nOn September 15, 2008, plaintiff filed a motion to supplement the evidence. The motion stated that testimony from the hearing on defendants\u2019 motion to dismiss \u201cindicated that a kitchen unit, shower, sleeping, and hot water facilities were located on the first floor of the building.\u201d Plaintiff attached an affidavit from Judy Maas, Quincy\u2019s zoning administrator, \u201cwhich verifies that 614 Maine, Quincy, IIlinois[,] is designated as \u2018commercial.\u2019 *** The first floor of a commercial building may not be used as a residence without a special use permit.\u201d According to the motion, defendants never obtained a special use permit. Moreover, 614 Maine Street has only one water meter for the entire building, and Quincy classified the account as a commercial account. The motion states that \u201c[t]he foregoing evidence establishes that at the time [plaintiff] commenced work for the [defendants, the primary use of 614 Maine was for commercial purposes.\u201d\nIn a written order dated September 30, 2008, but file-stamped October 1, 2008, the trial court denied plaintiffs motion to supplement evidence and granted defendants\u2019 motion to dismiss.\nWith respect to plaintiffs motion to supplement the evidence, the trial court stated the following:\n\u201c[T]he [pjlaintiff did not satisfy the court that the evidence could not have been obtained and introduced at the time of the hearing on the [mjotion. The [mjotion to reopen the evidence is essentially made after the court made findings regarding the [djefendants\u2019 actual use of the second floor of the building as their residence. The [pjlaintiff has not shown that the proposed new evidence is of the utmost importance to the presentation of its case or the defense of [djefendants\u2019 motion to dismiss. The proposed evidence would establish the zoning classification of the building and the representation by the city zoning authority that the first floor of the premises could not be occupied as a residence without obtaining a special permit from the city. The [djefendants did not contend that they occupied the first floor as their residence. They did contend that they used a shower and bathroom located on the first floor in conjunction with their use and occupance of the second floor as their residence. Based on the foregoing factors, the [pjlaintiff s [mjotion to supplement or reopen the evidence is denied. (See, General Motors Acceptance Corp. v. Stoval (2007), 374 Ill. App. 3d 1064, 872 N.E.2d 91.)\u201d\nNext, the trial court\u2019s order addressed defendants\u2019 motion to dismiss. Quoting section 10 of the Act (815 ILCS 513/10 (West 2006)), the court noted that the Act states \u201c \u2018Home repair and remodeling\u2019 means the fixing, replacing, altering, converting, modernizing, improving, or making of an addition to any real property primarily designed or used as a residence.\u201d (Emphasis in original.) The court noted that \u201chome repair and remodeling\u201d includes the construction, installation, or replacement of kitchens and bathrooms, among other things. See 815 ILCS 513/10 (West 2006).\nThe trial court reiterated its conclusion that the work provided by plaintiff included installing kitchen and bathroom fixtures for defendants in the premises they \u201cused and intended to use as their residence.\u201d The court stated the building in question was not primarily designed as a residence but \u201cthe plain language of the Act includes, in the alternative within the definition of home repair and remodeling, improvements to any real property \u2018primarily *** used\u2019 as a residence.\u201d The court concluded the evidence established the primary use of the building was residential use. While there was evidence the first floor was occupied \u201cby some form of commercial retail use,\u201d the evidence showed \u201cthe second floor was and had been occupied by [djefendants for nearly two years as a \u2018loft\u2019 residence. The evidence was virtually unrebutted that the [djefendants\u2019 living room, dining room[,j and bedroom furnishings were located on that floor.\u201d The court then again stated its finding \u201cthat the real property in question was primarily used and intended to be used as a residence at the time the [pjlaintiff was engaged to install the kitchen and bathroom fixtures.\u201d\nNext, the trial court addressed plaintiffs argument that the installation of the kitchen and bathroom fixtures constituted \u201coriginal construction.\u201d The court noted that the Act\u2019s requirements do not apply to \u201coriginal construction\u201d of a residence. The court rejected plaintiffs arguments and stated the following:\n\u201c[Tjhe court in interpreting this Act should give the language its plain and ordinary meaning, reading the Act as a whole. Although the bathroom and kitchen plumbing work performed by the [pjlaintiff apparently did not involve fixing, or replacing existing bathroom and kitchen fixtures, the Act specifically defines \u2018home repair and remodeling\u2019 as including \u2018construction\u2019 and \u2018installation\u2019 of \u2018kitchens\u2019 and \u2018bathrooms.\u2019 The construction and installation performed by [p]laintiff was to an existing structure. In viewing the Act in its entirety the court interprets the exemption language for \u2018original construction\u2019 to mean construction of a dwelling or residence on previously vacant or unoccupied property.\u201d\nTherefore, the court found the Act applied to the work, and to the contract between plaintiff and defendants, and dismissed plaintiff\u2019s complaint.\nThis appeal followed.\nII. ANALYSIS\nPlaintiff raises two arguments on appeal. Plaintiff contends the trial court erred by (1) granting defendants\u2019 motion to dismiss and (2) denying plaintiffs motion to supplement the record.\nAs stated, plaintiff contends the trial court erred by granting defendants\u2019 motion to dismiss. While defendants\u2019 motion to dismiss does not specify what subsection of section 2 \u2014 619 they intended to proceed under, the parties and trial court seem to have proceeded under section 2 \u2014 619(a)(9), which permits involuntary dismissal where \u201cthe claim asserted against defendant is barred by other affirmative matter avoiding the legal effect of or defeating the claim.\u201d 735 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 619(a)(9) (West 2006). \u201c \u2018[A]ffirmative matter,\u2019 in a section 2 \u2014 619(a)(9) motion, is something in the nature of a defense which negates the cause of action completely.\u201d Illinois Graphics Co. v. Nickum, 159 Ill. 2d 469, 486, 639 N.E.2d 1282, 1290 (1994). \u201c[W]e review the grant of a motion to dismiss under section 2 \u2014 619 on a de novo basis.\u201d Lykowski v. Bergman, 299 Ill. App. 3d 157, 164, 700 N.E.2d 1064, 1070 (1998).\nThe Act is intended to (1) increase consumer confidence, (2) reduce the likelihood of disputes, and (3) promote fair and honest practices by improving communications and requiring accurate representations between people engaged in the business of making home repairs and remodeling and their consumers. See 815 ILCS 513/5 (West 2006). Prior to beginning home repair or remodeling work that will cost the consumer over $1,000, the contractor must \u201cfurnish to the customer for signature a written contract or work order that states the total cost, including parts and materials listed with reasonable particularity and any charge for an estimate.\u201d 815 ILCS 513/15 (West 2006). \u201cIt is unlawful for any person engaged in the business of home repairs and remodeling to remodel or make repairs or charge for remodeling or repair work before obtaining a signed contract or work order over $1,000 ***.\u201d 815 ILCS 513/30 (West 2006). Moreover, a person engaging in home repair and remodeling is required to furnish the customer a copy of the pamphlet entitled \u201cHome Repair: Know Your Consumer Rights\u201d and obtain a signed acknowledgment from the customer acknowledging that he received the pamphlet. 815 ILCS 513/20 (West 2006). It is undisputed that plaintiff did not (1) sign the written contract or obtain defendants\u2019 signatures on the written contract as required by section 30 of the Act or (2) provide defendants with the consumer rights brochure as required by section 20 of the Act.\nPlaintiff contends the Act does not apply to the facts of this case because the Act (1) only applies to real property primarily designed for use as a residence and (2) does not apply to original construction.\nThis court has stated the following with respect to the rules of statutory interpretation:\n\u201cThe primary rule of statutory interpretation and construction, to which all other canons and rules are subordinate, is to ascertain and effectuate the true intent and meaning of the legislature. [Citation.] In interpreting a statute, a court must give the legislative language its plain and ordinary meaning. [Citation.] If the language of the statute is plain, clear, and unambiguous, and if the legislative intent can be ascertained therefrom, it must prevail and will be given effect by the courts without resorting to other aids for construction. [Citation.]\nHowever, the proper interpretation of a statute and determination of legislative intent cannot always be based upon its language alone. Where a statute is ambiguous and the legislative intent cannot be ascertained from the plain and ordinary meaning of its language, then the court is guided by the rules of statutory construction. [Citations.] Generally, the interpretation of a statute must be grounded on the nature and object of the statute as well as the consequences which would result from construing it one way or another. [Citation.] Legislative intent may be ascertained from the reason and necessity for the act, the evils sought to be remedied, and the objects and purposes sought to be obtained. [Citation.]\u201d Village of Buffalo v. Illinois Commerce Comm\u2019n, 180 Ill. App. 3d 591, 595, 536 N.E.2d 438, 440-41 (1989).\nOnly a few courts have interpreted the Act. Recently, in Artisan Design Build, Inc. v. Bilstrom, 397 Ill. App. 3d 317 (2009), the Second District summarized these few cases as follows:\n\u201cIn Central Illinois Electrical Services, L.L.C. v. Slepian, 358 Ill. App. 3d 545[, 831 N.E.2d 1169] (2005), the Third District of the Appellate Court held that section 15 of the Act unambiguously requires anyone, including a successor to the original electrical contractor, to obtain a signed written contract and furnish an estimate of reasonable particularity or lose its mechanic\u2019s lien rights. Slepian, 358 Ill. App. 3d at 548[, 831 N.E.2d at 1172]. In MD Electrical Contractors, Inc. v. Abrams, 369 Ill. App. 3d 309[, 859 N.E.2d 1070] (2006), this court addressed the question of whether the Act applies to subcontractors as well as contractors, and we concluded that it does not. Abrams, 369 Ill. App. 3d at 314-15[, 859 N.E.2d at 1075]. Next, the Fourth District decided Smith v. Bogard, 377 Ill. App. 3d 842[, 879 N.E.2d 543] (2007), in which the contractor\u2019s legal and equitable claims were defeated because the contractor failed to secure a written contract prior to initiating construction and failed to provide the owners with the consumer rights pamphlet. Smith, 377 Ill. App. 3d at 848[, 879 N.E.2d at 548], Our supreme court affirmed this court in MD Electrical Contractors v. Abrams, 228 Ill. 2d 281[, 888 N.E.2d 54] (2008). The Fifth District in Kunkel declared that for a private right of action to exist under the Act for a failure to furnish the consumer rights brochure, the plaintiff must prove that the failure to provide the brochure proximately caused his damages. Kunkel [v. P.K. Dependable Construction, LLC], 387 Ill. App. 3d [1153,] 1160[, 902 N.E.2d 769, 776 (2009)]. The last court to consider the Act was the First District, which held in K. Miller Construction Co. v. McGinnis, [394 Ill. App. 3d 248 (2009)], that the failure to provide a written contract does not preclude a contractor\u2019s recovery in quantum meruit, rejecting the contrary holding in Smith.\u201d Bilstrom, 397 Ill. App. 3d at 326.\nThe Bilstrom court then addressed the issue before it, i.e., \u201cwhether the failure alone to provide the [consumer rights] brochure is a complete defense to all legal and equitable claims brought by the contractor.\u201d Bilstrom, 397 Ill. App. 3d 327. The court interpreted the language of the Act to mean that \u201ca contractor\u2019s failure to provide the consumer with the brochure does not vitiate the contractor\u2019s right to recover either in equity or in law, but if certain requirements are met, the failure to furnish the brochure may give the consumer a cause of action under the Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Business Practices Act.\u201d Bilstrom, 397 Ill. App. 3d 328-29. However, the question presented here, whether the Act applies to work done to a commercial building that is being partially converted to residential space, has not been answered by the appellate or supreme court.\nWe conclude the work performed by Tom Geise Plumbing, Inc., on this commercial building did not subject plaintiff to the requirements of the Act. The language of the Act shows the legislature did not envision that part of a commercial building being converted into a loft would fall within the scope of the Act. Section 10 of the Act defines \u201cresidence\u201d as \u201ca single-family home or dwelling or a multiple-family home or dwelling containing 6 or fewer apartments, condominiums, town houses, or dwelling units, used or intended to be used by occupants as dwelling places.\u201d 815 ILCS 513/10 (West 2006). This building does not fit within the above definition of \u201cresidence.\u201d The legislature gave specific examples of structures that can be residences, including single-family homes and dwellings and multiple-family homes and dwellings containing six or fewer apartments, condominiums, town houses, or dwelling units that can be residences, but did not include a commercial structure being partially converted as in the case sub judice. The legislature clearly did not contemplate the partial conversion of a commercial property to a mixed-use property. Moreover, the fact defendants slept in the unfinished open spaces of the second and third floors of this commercial building does not change the essential character of the building from commercial to residential.\nFurther, section 10 of the Act provides that \u201c \u2018[h]ome repair and remodeling\u2019 means the fixing, replacing, altering, converting, modernizing, improving, or making of an addition to any real property primarily designed or used as a residence.\u201d (Emphasis added.) 815 ILCS 513/10 (West 2006). \u201c \u2018Home repair and remodeling\u2019 includes the construction, installation, replacement, or improvement of driveways, swimming pools, porches, kitchens, bathrooms, *** plumbing fixtures, *** and other improvements to structures within the residence or upon the land adjacent to the residence.\u201d 815 ILCS 513/10 (West 2006). Here, the building is located on Maine Street in a downtown business district, has three separate addresses for its three ground-level commercial storefront units, and commercial-grade plumbing. The photographs introduced into evidence show large business signage above each entryway of the three storefront units, indicating businesses named \u201cDance Waves,\u201d \u201cArt Academy,\u201d and \u201cGallery Outr\u00e9\u201d had been or were presently housed there. The photographs also showed commercial doors with steel trim, large storefront windows, the entryway to the storefront units have display cases on each side, and a sign on the unit that formerly housed Dance Waves indicating that unit was \u201cfor rent.\u201d The record contains no photographs of the second and third floor.\nIn M.D. Electrical, 228 Ill. 2d at 291, 888 N.E.2d at 60, our supreme court stated that \u201cit is clear that the statute unambiguously applies only to those who directly contract with a homeowner.\u201d Here, plaintiff corporation did not contract with a homeowner as envisioned by the Act, but with the owner of a commercial building. Because the building does not qualify as a \u201cresidence\u201d within the meaning of section 10 of the Act, the work plaintiff performed cannot be \u201chome repair and remodeling\u201d since the work done was not to a \u201cresidence,\u201d a prerequisite to qualify as \u201chome repair and remodeling.\u201d Therefore, sections 15 and 20 of the Act relating to the requirements of a written contract and the consumer rights brochure, respectively, do not apply to this case.\nWe need not address plaintiffs contention the trial court erred by denying plaintiffs motion to reopen the evidence to allow plaintiff to introduce evidence purporting to support plaintiffs position that the building was not a residence.\nIII. CONCLUSION\nFor the reasons stated, we reverse the trial court\u2019s judgment and remand for further proceedings.\nReversed and remanded.\nSTEIGMANN and APPLETON, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE MYERSCOUGH" } ], "attorneys": [ "Talmadge G. Brenner, of Quincy, for appellant.", "Scott D. Larson, of Blickhan, Timmerwilke, Woodworth & Larson, of Quincy, for appellees." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "TOM GEISE PLUMBING, INC., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. PATRICK TAYLOR et al., Defendants-Appellees.\nFourth District\nNo. 4\u201408\u20140799\nOpinion filed November 10, 2009.\nTalmadge G. Brenner, of Quincy, for appellant.\nScott D. Larson, of Blickhan, Timmerwilke, Woodworth & Larson, of Quincy, for appellees." }, "file_name": "0289-01", "first_page_order": 305, "last_page_order": 320 }