{ "id": 4292184, "name": "KEITH HENRY et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. PANASONIC FACTORY AUTOMATION COMPANY, Defendant-Appellee and Third-Party Plaintiff-Appellee (TRW Automotive U.S., LLC, Third-Party Defendant)", "name_abbreviation": "Henry v. Panasonic Factory Automation Co.", "decision_date": "2009-10-22", "docket_number": "No. 4\u201409\u20140057", "first_page": "321", "last_page": "329", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "396 Ill. App. 3d 321" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "901 N.E.2d 329", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2008, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "335" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "231 Ill. 2d 516", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3617225 ], "year": 2008, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "525" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/231/0516-01" ] }, { "cite": "563 N.E.2d 449", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "457" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "138 Ill. 2d 510", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5576355 ], "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "528" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/138/0510-01" ] }, { "cite": "828 N.E.2d 1128", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1141" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "215 Ill. 2d 78", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 4059883 ], "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "95" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/215/0078-01" ] }, { "cite": "681 N.E.2d 156", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "158" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "289 Ill. App. 3d 410", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 351043 ], "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "413" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/289/0410-01" ] }, { "cite": "888 N.E.2d 1", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 2008, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "9" }, { "page": "9" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "228 Ill. 2d 404", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5706738 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2008, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "417" }, { "page": "417" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/228/0404-01" ] }, { "cite": "883 N.E.2d 20", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2007, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "26" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "377 Ill. App. 3d 1109", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 4273037 ], "year": 2007, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1116" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/377/1109-01" ] }, { "cite": "557 N.E.2d 580", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 9, "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "586" }, { "page": "588-89" }, { "page": "589" }, { "page": "589" }, { "page": "582" }, { "page": "590" }, { "page": "590" }, { "page": "590-91" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "199 Ill. App. 3d 821", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2468351 ], "weight": 10, "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "830" }, { "page": "834" }, { "page": "835-36" }, { "page": "836" }, { "page": "836" }, { "page": "825" }, { "page": "837" }, { "page": "837" }, { "page": "837" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/199/0821-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 786, "char_count": 20535, "ocr_confidence": 0.752, "pagerank": { "raw": 7.659101027150063e-08, "percentile": 0.4519954638282 }, "sha256": "ec5d2f814a67e9826bfbebbdf5fde912329797a9eda6bcb25aaa27bf1530a510", "simhash": "1:27e494412dd5b443", "word_count": 3407 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:39:01.503812+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "KEITH HENRY et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. PANASONIC FACTORY AUTOMATION COMPANY, Defendant-Appellee and Third-Party Plaintiff-Appellee (TRW Automotive U.S., LLC, Third-Party Defendant)." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE MYERSCOUGH\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nIn June 2004, plaintiffs, Keith and Sue Henry, filed a two-count complaint against defendant, Panasonic Factory Automation Company (Panasonic), alleging Keith was injured at work while using equipment designed and manufactured by Panasonic that was unreasonably dangerous. Plaintiffs appeal from the trial court\u2019s December 2008 decision to grant Panasonic\u2019s motion for summary judgment. We affirm.\nI. BACKGROUND\nOn June 30, 2004, plaintiffs filed a two-count complaint against Panasonic. In count I, Keith alleged Panasonic was engaged in business as a manufacturer of production machinery and equipment, including an MSH Model #1 (MSH), which it sold under the trade name of \u201cSerial #2576, 10 head machine, medium size.\u201d Sometime prior to July 4, 2002, Panasonic sold and delivered an MSH to third-party defendant, TRW Automotive U.S., LLC (TRW). On July 4, 2002, Keith was employed by TRW. Keith\u2019s job duties required him to use or operate the MSH. According to the complaint, the machine was unreasonably dangerous from the time it left Panasonic\u2019s possession to and including the date of the occurrence, in that (1) it did not have a proper safety guard, (2) the safety gate did not prevent the machine from operating, and (3) it did not have a safety device to prevent injury to the operator. As a direct result of one or more of the foregoing unreasonably dangerous conditions, Keith\u2019s leg and knee were severely injured when he was struck in the leg while operating the machine. Keith alleged he has (1) suffered and will continue to suffer for the remainder of his life, (2) spent and will be required to further spend large sums of money for medical and hospital care because of his injuries, and (3) been prevented from working and will be deprived of income he otherwise would have earned.\nIn count II, Sue repeated the allegations Keith made in count I and additionally alleged she has suffered loss of consortium with her husband.\nOn June 30, 2006, Panasonic filed a two-count third-party complaint against TRW, alleging (1) negligence and (2) spoliation of evidence.\nOn May 31, 2007, Keith filed his supplemental answers to interrogatories. Pursuant to Panasonic\u2019s request for disclosure of the names and addresses of all witnesses expected to offer testimony at the time of trial pursuant to Supreme Court Rules 213(f)(1), (f)(2), and (f)(3) (210 Ill. 2d Rs. 213(f)(1), (f)(2), (f)(3)), Keith identified Dr. Charles Roberts as his expert who would testify that the machine was unsafe. Keith does not allege any of his other witnesses were experts.\nOn August 8, 2008, Panasonic filed a motion for summary judgment in which it alleged Dr. Roberts identified one alleged defect with the machine. Specifically, the motion alleged Dr. Roberts opined that the design of the machine was dangerous because it required the operator to remain inside the machine to determine if adjustments to the cutter bar were effective. Because the uncontested facts showed that an operator need not be inside the machine to determine if the cutter bar had been adjusted correctly, Panasonic contended it was entitled to summary judgment. In support of its motion for summary judgment, Panasonic filed a statement of uncontested material facts, which was adopted (with one exception discussed below) by plaintiffs. The following facts that relate to the accident that resulted in Keith\u2019s injury are taken from the statement of uncontested material facts.\nOn July 4, 2002, Keith was injured while observing and adjusting the cutter blade on the MSH, a high-speed placement machine, at TRW\u2019s plant in Marshall, Illinois. Panasonic sold the MSH to TRW.\nAt the time of the accident, Keith and Julie Price, a fellow TRW employee, were operating the MSH. Keith \u201cstarted to work on the cutter, cut the power to the MSH, turned off the servo motors to the MSH, walked to the rear of the MSH, lowered the safety gate, entered the MSH, and began to adjust the cutter bar.\u201d Price turned on the MSH, and the Z carriage activated and struck Keith. Price then hit the emergency stop button to deenergize the MSH. According to the statement of uncontested facts, \u201c[w]hile inside the MSH, [Keith] asked Price (who was standing in front of the MSH) to turn the power on to the machine so he could see if the cutter was working properly.\u201d (Plaintiffs objected to this statement and maintained Keith \u201cdid not request power to the machine, only power to the cutter\u201d.)\nKeith had been trained not to energize the MSH while he, or any other operator, was inside the machine. A TRW operator engages in a dangerous practice if he or she energizes the MSH while in the area of the Z carriage.\nAn individual can properly check the function of the cutter from outside the MSH. Keith had been trained to view the cutter from outside the MSH after adjusting it to see if it was operating correctly. Keith would not have been injured had he observed the cutter from outside the MSH.\nPlaintiffs retained Dr. Charles Roberts as their expert witness to offer testimony concerning the alleged design defect of the MSH. \u201cDr. Roberts opined that the design of the MSH was inherently dangerous because the adjustment of its cutter \u2018invites\u2019 the operator into the machine to observe the cutter bar.\u201d Specifically, Dr. Roberts stated the following during his deposition: \u201cWell, what I did is I told him that I, it was my opinion that the inherent adjustment of the cutter in this machine tended to invite the operator into a very hazardous location and required him to work on it and to make sure it was working probably in the machine, which in my opinion, is a hazardous operation.\u201d Dr. Roberts opined that the MSH was also inherently dangerous because an operator was required to remain in the area of the Z carriage of the MSH while it was running in order to observe the cutter. This is dangerous because it could cause the operator to be struck by the Z carriage. These were the only opinions Dr. Roberts offered as to the inherent danger of the MSH\u2019s design.\nDr. Roberts acknowledged that the MSH would not be inherently dangerous if the operator could observe the cutter bar while standing outside the machine. Specifically, when asked if it would change his opinion of whether the design of the machine was unsafe if it were \u201cpossible to adjust the cutter, step outside the machine, turn the machine on, and watch it or listen to it to see if it was operating correctly,\u201d Dr. Roberts responded that \u201c[i]f it were possible to do that, I would say the machine would not be unsafe.\u201d An MSH operator can observe the cutter bar after performing the adjustments on it while standing outside the machine.\nDr. Roberts also acknowledged that the MSH would not be inherently dangerous if an operator could determine the cutter bar was working correctly by listening to the machine while standing outside of it. An MSH operator can stand outside the machine and listen to the machine to determine if the adjustment of the cutter bar is effective.\nDr. Roberts did not find anything wrong with the MSH\u2019s safety gate or guard. Dr. Roberts did not offer, and was not prepared to offer, an opinion on whether (1) the MSH had a proper safety guard, (2) the safety gate prevented the machine from operating, or (3) the MSH had a safety device to prevent injury to the operator.\nIn addition to the facts set forth above from the statement of uncontested material facts, plaintiffs maintain certain deposition testimony is relevant to the issues. However, none of these witnesses are experts, and their testimony is therefore irrelevant to the issue presented by the trial court\u2019s decision to grant summary judgment.\nOn December 2, 2008, the trial court held a hearing on Panasonic\u2019s motion for summary judgment. On December 30, 2008, the trial court granted Panasonic\u2019s motion for summary judgment. In so concluding, the court, citing Baltus v. Weaver Division of Kidde & Co., 199 Ill. App. 3d 821, 557 N.E.2d 580 (1990), stated \u201c[ojpinion testimony of a qualified expert is necessary in the circumstances of this case to prove manufacturing negligence resulting in an unreasonably dangerous condition.\u201d The court stated that plaintiffs identified Dr. Roberts as a person qualified to render an expert opinion. The court noted that in his deposition, Dr. Roberts \u201cidentified one alleged defect in the MSH machine. He testified that the MSH is inherently dangerous because the design of the machine requires (or invites) the operator to remain inside the machine to determine if adjustments made to the cutter blade or bar were effective.\u201d However, the court noted that Dr. Roberts\u2019 opinion was based upon the incorrect assumption that it was necessary for Keith to be inside the MSH to determine if the cutter bar was properly adjusted. Moreover, Dr. Roberts stated that if that assumption was incorrect, his opinion would change and he would opine that the machine was not unsafe. The court concluded plaintiffs\u2019 other witnesses were not experts and their opinions were personal opinions not based on any technical or scientific knowledge of manufacturing design. Further, plaintiffs did not submit evidence of any other defective condition that existed at the time the MSH left Panasonic\u2019s control. \u201cIn sum, there is no opinion testimony by a qualified expert that a defective design of the MSH machine caused it to be inherently dangerous and caused the bodily injury.\u201d\nThis appeal followed.\nII. ANALYSIS\nSummary judgment is appropriate only where \u201cthe pleadings, depositions, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.\u201d 735 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 1005(c) (West 2004). \u201cWhile summary judgment aids in the expeditious disposition of a lawsuit, it is a drastic means of disposing of litigation and thus should be allowed only when the right of the moving party is clear and free from doubt.\u201d Ford v. Round Barn True Value, Inc., 377 Ill. App. 3d 1109, 1116, 883 N.E.2d 20, 26 (2007). Summary judgment for the defendant is proper if the plaintiff fails to establish any element of the cause of action. Williams v. Manchester, 228 Ill. 2d 404, 417, 888 N.E.2d 1, 9 (2008). We review the trial court\u2019s ruling on a motion for summary judgment de novo. Williams, 228 Ill. 2d at 417, 888 N.E.2d at 9.\nTo recover damages from a manufacturer under a product-liability theory, a plaintiff \u201cmust prove his injury resulted from an unreasonably dangerous condition of the product that existed at the time the product left the manufacturer\u2019s control.\u201d Rotzoll v. Overhead Door Corp., 289 Ill. App. 3d 410, 413, 681 N.E.2d 156, 158 (1997). Here, the trial court granted Panasonic\u2019s motion for summary judgment because plaintiffs had no opinion evidence from a qualified expert that a defective design caused the MSH to be unreasonably dangerous.\n\u201cIn a negligent defective[-]design case, the focus is on the conduct of the defendant, but in a strict[-]liability defective[-]design case, the focus is on the product.\u201d Blue v. Environmental Engineering, Inc., 215 Ill. 2d 78, 95, 828 N.E.2d 1128, 1141 (2005). \u201c[T]he threshold question of unreasonably dangerous design is not whether the product could have been made safer, but whether it is dangerous because it fails to perform in the manner reasonably to be expected in light of its nature and intended function.\u201d Baltus, 199 Ill. App. 3d at 830, 557 N.E.2d at 586. In Illinois, a party who \u201c \u2018sells any product in a defective condition unreasonably dangerous to the user or consumer\u2019 \u201d is subject to strict liability. Lamkin v. Towner, 138 Ill. 2d 510, 528, 563 N.E.2d 449, 457 (1990), quoting Restatement (Second) of Torts \u00a7402A, at 347-48 (1965). \u201cA product may be found to be unreasonably dangerous based on proof of any one of three conditions: a physical defect in the product itself, a defect in the product\u2019s design, or a failure of the manufacturer to warn of the danger or to instruct on the proper use of the product.\u201d Mikolajczyk v. Ford Motor Co., 231 Ill. 2d 516, 525, 901 N.E.2d 329, 335 (2008). Here, plaintiffs alleged a defect in the MSH\u2019s design.\nAs stated, the trial court, relying on Baltus, granted summary judgment in favor of Panasonic because there was no opinion testimony by a qualified expert that a defective design caused the MSH machine to be inherently dangerous and caused bodily injury. \u201cProducts[-]liability actions *** often involve specialized knowledge or expertise outside the layman\u2019s knowledge. Manufacturing negligence resulting in an unreasonably dangerous product seems particularly appropriate for expert opinion.\u201d Baltus, 199 Ill. App. 3d at 834, 557 N.E.2d at 588-89. The Baltus court analogized product-liability cases to those involving medical malpractice. Baltus, 199 Ill. App. 3d at 835-36, 557 N.E.2d at 589.\n\u201cBoth types of cases involve specialized knowledge that bear directly on the standard of care in the community. While some instances of medical malpractice need no expert opinion that a doctor has fallen below the standard of care (such as a case in which an instrument is left in the patient after surgery), expert opinion usually is required to aid the jury in determining that the pertinent standard of care has been breached.\u201d Baltus, 199 Ill. App. 3d at 836, 557 N.E.2d at 589.\nThe court went on to state that not all cases of negligent manufacture or design require expert opinion as to whether a product is unreasonably dangerous. Baltus, 199 Ill. App. 3d at 836, 577 N.E.2d at 589.\nIn the instant case, the MSH is a specialized piece of equipment, and the design and manufacture of the MSH involve specialized knowledge. Therefore, we conclude plaintiffs cannot establish a breach of the standard of care in this case without expert testimony. Notably, in their brief, plaintiffs do not dispute the assertion that expert testimony was needed to survive summary judgment. Instead, plaintiffs maintain that Dr. Roberts\u2019 expert testimony established a prima facie case that the MSH was unreasonably dangerous.\nIn the case sub judice, plaintiffs\u2019 complaint alleged the MSH was unreasonably dangerous because of defects in its design. Specifically, paragraph 4 of the complaint alleged that the MSH was unreasonably dangerous because (1) it did not have a proper safety guard, (2) the safety gate did not prevent the machine from operating, and (3) the machine did not have a safety device to prevent injury to the operator. During Dr. Roberts\u2019 deposition, Panasonic\u2019s attorney asked Dr. Roberts to look at paragraph 4 of the complaint. The following exchange took place:\n\u201cQ. I want you to look at [p]aragraph 4A. Do you see that? It did not have a proper safety guard.\nA. That\u2019s correct.\nQ. Do you have any opinion about whether or not the MSH machine had a proper safety guard?\nA. I had not offered an opinion on that.\nQ. And you are not prepared to today?\nA. Not at the time, no.\nQ. Well, you said not at the time. You mean\u2014\nA. I mean, not at this time.\nQ. Look at [s]ubparagraph B, the safety gate did not prevent the machine from operating. I take it you have no opinion in that regard as well?\nA. That\u2019s right.\nQ. And the machine did not have a safety device to prevent injury to the operator. I take it you have no opinion in that regard either?\nA. That\u2019s correct.\u201d\nTherefore, plaintiffs\u2019 expert had no opinion regarding any of the three specific allegations of design defect contained in plaintiffs\u2019 complaint. Instead of these three allegations, plaintiffs\u2019 brief focuses on Dr. Roberts\u2019 testimony that the MSH was unreasonably dangerous because the design invited or required the operator to remain inside the machine to determine whether the adjustments made to the cutter bar were effective. However, according to Panasonic\u2019s statement of uncontested material facts, which plaintiffs adopted, Dr. Roberts admitted that the MSH would not be inherently dangerous if an operator could observe the cutter bar while standing outside the machine. Dr. Roberts also admitted the MSH would not be inherently dangerous if an operator could determine the cutter bar was working correctly by listening to the machine while standing outside of it. The parties agree that an MSH operator can both (1) observe the cutter bar and (2) listen to the machine \u2014 while standing outside the machine \u2014 to determine if the adjustments on the cutter bar were effective. In light of Dr. Roberts\u2019 testimony, plaintiffs do not have an expert opinion that supports any of their three specific allegations of design defect in the complaint or the assertion that the MSH is unreasonably dangerous because it invites or requires an operator to be inside the machine while checking to see if the adjustments made to the cutter bar were effective. Therefore, plaintiffs have failed to set forth any evidence that the MSH was unreasonably dangerous and, pursuant to Baltus, the trial court properly granted summary judgment in favor of Panasonic.\nPlaintiffs attempt to distinguish Baltus on the ground that the plaintiff in Baltus failed to disclose an expert witness while, here, plaintiffs had an expert witness who testified the product was unreasonably dangerous. In Baltus, the plaintiffs expert was barred from testifying because the plaintiff failed to disclose any expert witnesses. Baltus, 199 Ill. App. 3d at 825, 557 N.E.2d at 582. The plaintiff was barred from testifying as an expert even though he had 20 years\u2019 experience working with the allegedly defective product. Baltus, 199 Ill. App. 3d at 837, 557 N.E.2d at 590. The court granted the defendant\u2019s motion for summary judgment because expert testimony was needed to establish a breach of the standard of care and the plaintiff had no such testimony. Baltus, 199 Ill. App. 3d at 837, 557 N.E.2d at 590.\nNo such expert testimony exists in the case sub judice either. As stated, Dr. Roberts acknowledged the design was not unreasonably dangerous where the operator could check the effectiveness of the adjustments to the cutter bar from outside the machine. Therefore, plaintiffs have no evidence supporting an element of their claim, i.e., that the design was unreasonably dangerous. We fail to see an important distinction between situations where the expert testimony is not allowed because of a failure to disclose the expert, thus leaving the plaintiff with no expert testimony establishing a breach of the standard of care, and a case such as the case sub judice where the expert acknowledges the design was not unsafe, similarly leaving plaintiffs with no expert testimony establishing a breach of the standard of care.\nPlaintiffs\u2019 brief references testimony from several coworkers regarding how they were trained, their opinions on whether the MSH was hazardous, and how other employees had often performed the same procedure on the cutter in the same manner that Keith did when he got injured. However, as the trial court stated, none of these witnesses showed they possess sufficient scientific or technical knowledge to give testimony on the issue of defective design. As the Baltus court, and the cases cited therein, noted, expertise from many years of using a machine \u201cdoes not mean [one] has the knowledge, skills, and experience as a manufacturer or designer of the equipment.\u201d Baltus, 199 Ill. App. 3d at 837, 557 N.E.2d at 590-91.\nIn sum, under the facts of this case, plaintiffs were required to set forth opinion testimony by a qualified expert that the MSH was defectively designed, causing it to be unreasonably dangerous, and caused Keith\u2019s bodily injury. Plaintiffs have failed to set forth expert opinion testimony that the MSH\u2019s design was unreasonably dangerous. Therefore, the trial court properly granted Panasonic\u2019s motion for summary judgment.\nIII. CONCLUSION\nFor the reasons stated, we affirm the trial court\u2019s judgment.\nAffirmed.\nMcCULLOUGH, EJ., and STEIGMANN, J., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE MYERSCOUGH" } ], "attorneys": [ "Joseph R. Schroeder (argued), of Bennett, Schroeder & Wieck, of Marshall, for appellants.", "Edward M. Kay, P. Scott Ritchie, Allison K. Ferrini (argued), and Christopher R. Henson, all of Clausen Miller, PC., of Chicago, for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "KEITH HENRY et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. PANASONIC FACTORY AUTOMATION COMPANY, Defendant-Appellee and Third-Party Plaintiff-Appellee (TRW Automotive U.S., LLC, Third-Party Defendant).\nFourth District\nNo. 4\u201409\u20140057\nArgued August 18, 2009.\n\u2014Opinion filed October 22, 2009.\n\u2014 Rehearing denied December 3, 2009.\nJoseph R. Schroeder (argued), of Bennett, Schroeder & Wieck, of Marshall, for appellants.\nEdward M. Kay, P. Scott Ritchie, Allison K. Ferrini (argued), and Christopher R. Henson, all of Clausen Miller, PC., of Chicago, for appellee." }, "file_name": "0321-01", "first_page_order": 337, "last_page_order": 345 }