{
  "id": 2487906,
  "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. JAMES OTIS HURLBERT, Defendant-Appellee",
  "name_abbreviation": "People v. Hurlbert",
  "decision_date": "1976-09-02",
  "docket_number": "No. 13034",
  "first_page": "300",
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T14:47:10.337116+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. JAMES OTIS HURLBERT, Defendant-Appellee."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Mr. JUSTICE GREEN\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nDefendant James Otis Hurlbert was charged by a two-count indictment in the Circuit Court of McLean County. The counts purported to charge him with the offense of aggravated battery against two separate peace officers. After a jury was selected and sworn to try the case but before opening statements were made, the trial judge dismissed the indictment and discharged the jury. Subsequently defendant was reindicted for the two aggravated batteries purportedly alleged by the previous indictment. Upon defendant\u2019s motion, these indictments were dismissed in bar of action on the basis of double jeopardy. The State appeals pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 604(a)(1) (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1973, ch. 110A, par. 604(a)(1)).\nEach of the original counts alleged that defendant made physical contact of a provoking nature against one of the respective victims knowing him to be a peace officer engaged in the execution of his official duties. Defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss, made after the jury was selected and sworn, was based on the ruling of the appellate court, Fifth District, in People v. Crane (1971), 3 Ill. App. 3d 716, 279 N.E.2d 134, that actual physical harm must be alleged and proved to sustain a conviction of aggravated battery under subsections 3 through 7 and subsection 9 of section 12 \u2014 4(b) of the Criminal Code (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1973, ch. 38, par. 12\u20144(b)).\nRather than dismissing the charge, however, the trial judge ruled pursuant to the holding of People v. Nance (1975), 26 Ill. App. 3d 182, 324 N.E.2d 652, also decided by the Appellate Court, Fifth District, that although the indictment did not state offenses of aggravated battery, it was sufficient to state offenses of simple battery and ordered the State to proceed to trial on the charges of simple battery.\nThe prosecutor moved for leave to amend the indictment to charge the offense of aggravated battery, but the motion was denied. The following colloquy then took place between the trial judge and the prosecutor:\n\u201cMr. Helm: Well, the State will be filing a notice of appeal.\nThe Court: Well, the State is not going to present any evidence?\nMr. Helm: No, we will not present any evidence.\nThe Court: All right, on the State\u2019s failure to proceed with the matter, the Court then is entering an Order of Dismissal as to both counts of the Indictment, and the Jury will be discharged.\u201d\nAbsent any question of jurisdiction, jeopardy attaches when a jury is selected and sworn. A retrial on the same charge is barred when the jury is discharged after jeopardy attaches but before verdict is reached unless there is \u201cmanifest necessity\u201d for the discharge or \u201cthe ends of public justice would be otherwise defeated\u201d (United States v. Perez (1824), 22 U.S. (9 Wheat.) 579, 580, 6 L. Ed. 165).\nThe parties agreed in oral argument that the trial judge made separate orders, one ruling that the indictment stated the charges of simple battery and the other dismissing the indictment and discharging the jury upon the People\u2019s refusal to proceed. The People argue that the first order was in error. They make no contention that the doctrine of Perez justified the order discharging the jury. Rather, they contend that the original indictment was insufficient to charge either aggravated or simple battery. They ask that we accept the holding of Crane but reject that of Nance. By our recent decision in People v. Meints (1976), 41 Ill. App. 3d 215,\u2014N.E.2d\u2014, however, we have rejected Crane and ruled that an indictment in the form of the original counts here does charge aggravated battery. Accordingly, at the time the jury was discharged, the court did have jurisdiction.\nIn Garcia v. Hynes & Howes Real Estate, Inc. (1975), 29 Ill. App. 3d 479, 481, 331 N.E.2d 634, 635, the Appellate Court, Third District, stated: \u201cThe opinions of any appellate court necessarily are binding on all circuit courts across the State, but not on the other branches of the appellate court. (14 I.L.P. Courts \u00a783 (1968).)\u201d In following the holdings in Crane and Nance in making his ruling as to the nature of the charge, the trial judge was following the requirement of Garcia although we now determine that ruling to be wrong. In any event, his second ruling discharging the jury was not made because of \u201cmanifest necessity\u201d or to protect the \u201cends of public justice\u201d within the Perez doctrine, but merely because the State refused to put on evidence.\nSince jeopardy had attached when the jury was dismissed in the first trial and the discharge was not for a reason justified by Perez, the defendant cannot be retried for the offenses there charged. The trial court properly dismissed the second indictment. That order is affirmed.\nAffirmed.\nTRAPP, P. J., and SIMKINS, J., concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Mr. JUSTICE GREEN"
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Paul R. Welch, State\u2019s Attorney, of Bloomington (G. Michael Prall and Robert C. Perry, both of Illinois State\u2019s Attorneys Association, of counsel), for the People.",
      "Thomson, Thomson, Zanoni & Flynn, of Bloomington (Mike McEIvain, of counsel), for appellee."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. JAMES OTIS HURLBERT, Defendant-Appellee.\nFourth District\nNo. 13034\nOpinion filed September 2, 1976.\nPaul R. Welch, State\u2019s Attorney, of Bloomington (G. Michael Prall and Robert C. Perry, both of Illinois State\u2019s Attorneys Association, of counsel), for the People.\nThomson, Thomson, Zanoni & Flynn, of Bloomington (Mike McEIvain, of counsel), for appellee."
  },
  "file_name": "0300-01",
  "first_page_order": 328,
  "last_page_order": 330
}