{ "id": 2973457, "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JAMES T. JOHNSON, Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Johnson", "decision_date": "1977-01-03", "docket_number": "No. 62337", "first_page": "365", "last_page": "369", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "46 Ill. App. 3d 365" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "350 N.E.2d 890", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "40 Ill. App. 3d 256", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2967629 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/40/0256-01" ] }, { "cite": "289 N.E.2d 601", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "356 N.E.2d 330", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1972, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "64 Ill. 2d 485", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5430641 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/64/0485-01" ] }, { "cite": "233 N.E.2d 413", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "39 Ill. 2d 119", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2857303 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/39/0119-01" ] }, { "cite": "302 N.E.2d 101", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1968, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "14 Ill. App. 3d 196", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2683509 ], "year": 1968, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/14/0196-01" ] }, { "cite": "337 N.E.2d 234", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1973, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "33 Ill. App. 3d 246", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2870631 ], "year": 1973, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/33/0246-01" ] }, { "cite": "256 N.E.2d 343", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "350" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "309 N.E.2d 1", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "334 N.E.2d 200", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "30 Ill. App. 3d 848", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2623756 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/30/0848-01" ] }, { "cite": "313 N.E.2d 663", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1975, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "20 Ill. App. 3d 1068", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5347545 ], "year": 1975, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/20/1068-01" ] }, { "cite": "347 N.E.2d 55", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "37 Ill. App. 3d 895", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2715606 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/37/0895-01" ] }, { "cite": "344 N.E.2d 239", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "36 Ill. App. 3d 355", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2631304 ], "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/36/0355-01" ] }, { "cite": "50 Ill. 2d 296", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2911274 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/50/0296-01" ] }, { "cite": "40 Ill. 2d 392", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2855718 ], "year": 1972, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/40/0392-01" ] }, { "cite": "44 Ill. 2d 463", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2888309 ], "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "475" }, { "page": "475" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/44/0463-01" ] }, { "cite": "57 Ill. 2d 353", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5408379 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/57/0353-01" ] }, { "cite": "56 Ill. 2d 493", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5405202 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1974, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/56/0493-01" ] }, { "cite": "53 Ill. 2d 101", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2926001 ], "year": 1974, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/53/0101-01" ] }, { "cite": "53 Ill. 2d 62", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2927578 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1972, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/53/0062-01" ] }, { "cite": "52 Ill. 2d 78", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5394010 ], "year": 1972, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/52/0078-01" ] }, { "cite": "46 Ill. 2d 405", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2898801 ], "year": 1972, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/46/0405-01" ] }, { "cite": "45 Ill. 2d 310", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2895244 ], "year": 1970, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/45/0310-01" ] }, { "cite": "27 Ill. 2d 257", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5360808 ], "year": 1970, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/27/0257-01" ] }, { "cite": "13 Ill. 2d 63", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2776029 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/13/0063-01" ] }, { "cite": "322 N.E.2d 819", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "826" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "60 Ill. 2d 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5414551 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "13-15" }, { "page": "15" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/60/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "326 N.E.2d 68", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1975, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "26 Ill. App. 3d 913", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2787588 ], "year": 1975, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/26/0913-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 609, "char_count": 11093, "ocr_confidence": 0.887, "pagerank": { "raw": 9.307691353931788e-08, "percentile": 0.5126613559323343 }, "sha256": "8f8d0ce952468c155d3d1244b5c15c5a215f79de0d7d4a94519c037a7debf398", "simhash": "1:b02e79defaf322b5", "word_count": 1899 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:00:39.078190+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JAMES T. JOHNSON, Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Mr. JUSTICE BUA\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nThe facts of this case are not significantly in dispute. At about 6:40 a.m. on the morning of September 20, 1972, Idell Snowden and her husband William were standing on the comer of Wood and Washington Streets in Chicago, when they were approached by two men, the defendant and one Rickey Warren. Earlier that day Warren and the defendant had discussed pulling a \u201cstick-up.\u201d\nConcealing with a newspaper the gun he held in his hand, Warren announced to the Snowdens \u201cThis is a stick-up, and don\u2019t you holler.\u201d Mrs. Snowden screamed and Warren shot her husband in the chest, mortally wounding him. Falling to the ground, Mr. Snowden pulled his own gun and shot Warren. At this point, the assailants fled the scene.\nLater that same day the defendant and Warren were apprehended by Chicago police officers. Mrs. Snowden identified the two men in a lineup and in a photographic showup, and identified the body of her husband at the morgue. A Mr. Hale also identified the defendant as one of two men he had seen running from the area of Wood and Washington Streets at the time in issue.\nThe defendant\u2019s case was severed from that of Ricky Warren, and proceeded to trial on November 6, 1974. The jury returned verdicts of guilty as charged on one count of murder and two counts of attempt armed robbery. Judgments of conviction were entered on all three verdicts, and the defendant was sentenced to a term of imprisonment of from 15 to 25 years for the murder. No sentence was imposed on either of the attempt armed robbery convictions.\nDefendant contends that his two attempt armed robbery convictions should be reversed because they arose out of the same act or conduct as his murder conviction. In seeking to apply this often stated rule of law to the facts of his case, he relies principally on People v. Cole (1975), 26 Ill. App. 3d 913, 326 N.E.2d 68. Notwithstanding the factual similarity of Cole to the present case, we find that the more recent case of People v. Williams (1975), 60 Ill. 2d 1, 13-15, 322 N.E.2d 819, mandates a contrary result. In Williams, the defendants were convicted of burglary, armed robbery, and murder. In reversing the burglary conviction but upholding the convictions for armed robbery and murder, the court said:\n\u201cBeginning with People v. Schlenger (1958), 13 Ill. 2d 63, this court has decided a series of cases culminating in holdings that a person may not be convicted of multiple offenses arising out of the same act or the same conduct and that only the judgment and sentence for the most serious of the offenses may stand. (See also People v. Duszkewycz (1963), 27 Ill. 2d 257; People v. Stewart (1970), 45 Ill. 2d 310; People v. Whittington (1970), 46 Ill. 2d 405; People v. Lerch (1972), 52 Ill. 2d 78; People v. Prim (1972), 53 Ill. 2d 62; People v. Cox (1972), 53 Ill. 2d 101; People v. Lilly (1974), 56 Ill. 2d 493; People v. Scott (1974), 57 Ill. 2d 353.) Defendant contends that these cases are applicable to his multiple convictions and that only the conviction of murder, the most serious of the offenses, may stand. We find instead that these decisions affect only the convictions of burglary and armed robbery. The two men entered the Calderone home for the purpose of robbing the Calderones. Thus, although burglary and armed robbery involve different elements of proof and the men committed a series of acts, their unauthorized entry with the intent to commit theft and the actual theft by means of armed robbery constitute two offenses arising from the same conduct in robbing the Calderones. Only the conviction of the most serious of the two offenses, armed robbery, can stand, and the judgment and sentence on the burglary conviction must be reversed.\nThese cases do not, however, prohibit separate convictions and sentences for armed robbery and murder, even though the activity constituting both offenses was a series of very closely related acts. The purpose of the entry was robbery, not murder, and that objective changed to murder only when the robbers were confronted by Mr. Calderone with a gun in his hand. Then, they chose to commit a separate act for the purpose of killing Mr. Calderone. That shooting can be viewed as a means of removing an obstacle to their original objective of robbery, but it is also evident that at least part of their reason for killing was to avoid injury or apprehension by Mr. Calderone. We believe that such a situation is controlled by our decision in People v. Johnson (1970), 44 Ill. 2d 463, in which we held that the convictions and sentences for burglary and rape were proper. As we stated in Johnson, cases such as Schlenger \u2018were not intended to cover situations in which more than one offense .arises from a series of closely related acts and the crimes are clearly distinct and require different elements of proof.\u2019 (44 Ill. 2d at 475; see also People v. Raby (1968), 40 Ill. 2d 392; People v. Harper (1972), 50 Ill. 2d 296.) The convictions and sentences imposed upon the defendant for murder and armed robbery may both stand.\u201d\nThere have been differences of opinion as to the precise meaning of this passage. (Compare People v. Henderson (1976), 36 Ill. App. 3d 355, 344 N.E.2d 239, with People v. Meredith (1976), 37 Ill. App. 3d 895, 347 N.E.2d 55.) These differences have their roots in the confusion and conflict in the cases prior to Williams. (See Schlenger and subsequent cases cited in Williams; see also 1973 U. Ill. L.F. 423; compare People v. Sims (1974), 20 Ill. App. 3d 1068, 313 N.E.2d 663, with People v. Whiteaker (1975), 30 Ill. App. 3d 848, 334 N.E.2d 200.) While there seems to be agreement that in order for multiple convictions to be proper the court must be able to disentangle and separately conceive the acts or chains of acts constituting the various offenses as charged, courts are at odds as to whether it is also necessary that the different offenses be marked by some shift or change in the offender\u2019s motivation.\nWe are of the opinion that the language of Williams makes that additional requirement of a shift or change in the offender\u2019s immediate motivation. (See People v. Meredith.) In any case, however, it is clear that on the facts before this court convictions of both attempt armed robbery and murder were proper. First, the defendant is incorrect in arguing that the attempt armed robberies and murder arose from the \u201csame precise act.\u201d This is evident from the fact that the offense of attempt armed robbery as charged in the indictment was complete before the shooting took place. Thus, the defendant\u2019s reliance on People v. Lilly (1974), 56 Ill. 2d 493, 309 N.E.2d 1, a case involving multiple convictions arising out of the same act, is misplaced. By the same token, it cannot be said that the acts constituting the attempt armed robberies were so inextricably bound up with the murder as to make separate convictions improper. In an analogous situation, the court in People v. Johnson observed:\n\u201cThese are separate and distinct crimes requiring entirely different proof to sustain them. The rape has no necessary connection with the burglary as is evident when we stop to consider that the burglary was complete before the defendants laid a hand on the victim. Had the defendants not embarked on an entirely separate course of conduct in making their sexual assault, the burglary would have occurred without any rape having been committed.\u201d 44 Ill. 2d 463, 475, 256 N.E.2d 343, 350.\nIt seems undeniable that the shooting in this case was in large part motivated not as a means of simply effectuating the original objective of robbery by removing a direct obstacle, but as a means of \u201cavoiding injury or apprehension.\u201d (People v. Williams (1975), 60 Ill. 2d 1, 15, 322 N.E.2d 819, 826.) Only after Mrs. Snowden called out, thereby suddenly increasing their chances of apprehension, did the robbers undertake the separate act of shooting Mr. Snowden. This act then reflected a substantial shift in the immediate motivation of the offenders.\nAlternatively, the defendant contends that since both of his attempt armed robbery convictions arose out of the same act or conduct only one of these convictions can properly stand. We have applied the \u201csame act or conduct\u201d rule to cases involving multiple as well as single victims. Thus, in People v. Vaini (1975), 33 Ill. App. 3d 246, 337 N.E.2d 234, the court found that only one conviction was proper where the defendant, by making a single wrongful sale of several stolen articles, committed the crime of theft against the various owners of those articles. See also People v. Brown (1973), 14 Ill. App. 3d 196, 302 N.E.2d 101; People ex rel. Starks v. Frye (1968), 39 Ill. 2d 119, 233 N.E.2d 413.\nThe State relies in opposition on People v. Butler (1976), 64 Ill. 2d 485, 356 N.E.2d 330. However, Butler is distinguishable in that it involved a finding that the defendant would be held accountable for the separate criminal acts involved in perpetrating two distinct robberies, whereas in the present case such separate acts were never committed. See also People v. Prim (1972), 53 Ill. 2d 62, 289 N.E.2d 601.\nFinally, we note that since the defendant was sentenced only on the murder conviction, the State asks that we remand the case for entry of a sentence on the remaining conviction of attempt armed robbery. The defendant argues that to do so would be to permit the State to act as \u201can imposter of an appellant\u201d in violation of Supreme Court Rule 604 (58 Ill. 2d R. 604). He cites People v. Kent (1976), 40 Ill. App. 3d 256, 350 N.E.2d 890, in which the court refused to hear the State\u2019s contention on appeal that sentences made concurrent by the trial court should have properly been consecutive. While we are well aware that Supreme Court Rule 604 strictly limits the State\u2019s right to appeal in criminal cases and that the State as a rule may not contest the propriety of a sentence imposed on a criminal defendant, it is clear that in the present case the State, rather than contesting the propriety of a sentence, is merely asking for the rendition of a final judgment where one is lacking. We agree that such a final judgment is necessary.\nAccordingly, we affirm the judgments of conviction on the murder count and the first count of attempt armed robbery, reverse the judgment of conviction on the second count of attempt armed robbery, and remand the cause to the trial court for entry of a sentence on the affirmed attempt armed robbery conviction.\nAffirmed in part, reversed in part and remanded with directions.\nGOLDBERG, P. J., and O\u2019CONNOR, J., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "Mr. JUSTICE BUA" } ], "attorneys": [ "James Geis and Richard Geddes, both of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Chicago, for appellant.", "Bernard Carey, State's Attorney, of Chicago (Laurence J. Bolon, Paul Benjamin . Linton, and Edward H. Phillips, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JAMES T. JOHNSON, Defendant-Appellant.\nFirst District (1st Division)\nNo. 62337\nOpinion filed January 3, 1977.\nRehearing denied February 1, 1977.\nJames Geis and Richard Geddes, both of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Chicago, for appellant.\nBernard Carey, State's Attorney, of Chicago (Laurence J. Bolon, Paul Benjamin . Linton, and Edward H. Phillips, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People." }, "file_name": "0365-01", "first_page_order": 395, "last_page_order": 399 }