{ "id": 5637219, "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. CANTRELL RICHARDSON, Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Richardson", "decision_date": "1977-05-31", "docket_number": "No. 76-207", "first_page": "170", "last_page": "174", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "49 Ill. App. 3d 170" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "223 N.E.2d 121", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "36 Ill. 2d 315", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5377379 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/36/0315-01" ] }, { "cite": "273 N.E.2d 748", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "133 Ill. App. 2d 529", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2473692 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/133/0529-01" ] }, { "cite": "337 N.E.2d 40", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "33 Ill. App. 3d 443", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2873468 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/33/0443-01" ] }, { "cite": "324 N.E.2d 403", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "60 Ill. 2d 117", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5414856 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/60/0117-01" ] }, { "cite": "246 N.E.2d 29", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "107 Ill. App. 2d 143", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 1596849 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/107/0143-01" ] }, { "cite": "358 N.E.2d 937", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "44 Ill. App. 3d 759", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2814832 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/44/0759-01" ] }, { "cite": "54 N.E.2d 532", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "386 Ill. 594", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2492371 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/386/0594-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 532, "char_count": 8481, "ocr_confidence": 0.893, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.3060931340605094e-07, "percentile": 0.6232326672327229 }, "sha256": "ad85f079ae7cbaed6e6c208e254b55687351db39b7ffd8cbb3089cd15238e1a0", "simhash": "1:7b361fb9e91cedb9", "word_count": 1474 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T15:10:40.599780+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. CANTRELL RICHARDSON, Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Mr. PRESIDING JUSTICE CARTER\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nAfter a jury trial, the defendant, Cantrell Richardson, was found guilty of robbery and was sentenced to two to six years\u2019 imprisonment. Defendant raises three issues on appeal. (1) Whether he was deprived of his right to a speedy trial pursuant to section 103 \u2014 5(b) of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1975, ch. 38, par. 103 \u2014 5(b)). (2) Whether he was proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. (3) Whether the closing argument of the prosecutor was so prejudicial as to deprive him of a fair trial.\nThe relevant testimony shows that on November 3, 1974, Donald J. Watson, the victim, went to a tavern in Mt. Vernon in order to procure a \u201cgirl.\u201d The proprietor of the tavern directed Watson to defendant\u2019s house. Watson was introduced by defendant to a young woman named Carolyn. Watson and the woman went to a local motel and had intercourse. Watson then drove the woman to defendant\u2019s house. The woman would not get out of the car and demanded the television set which Watson had in his car. There had been no discussion of compensation for the woman\u2019s services. Watson refused to give her the television set, drove back to the motel, took the television and a pistol out of the car and went into the motel, and left the woman sitting in his car. While the victim was watching television, the woman, defendant, and another man entered the room. Watson tried to get his pistol, but was prevented from so doing by defendant\u2019s companion who took the pistol. After defendant took the television, the three persons left.\nDefendant did not testify at trial. Three defense witnesses testified to being present when defendant and Watson were drinking liquor. They related portions of conversation between Watson and defendant which indicated that Watson intended to make a gift of the television set to defendant. Leon McKinney testified that defendant, Carolyn, and he went to Watson\u2019s motel room in order to ask Watson why he brought Carolyn, McKinney\u2019s girlfriend, there. After some conversation, Watson pulled a gun. Watson then gave the gun to the defendant, told defendant to take the television set, and said that he would see him later. Watson is a Caucasian while defendant, his witnesses, and Carolyn, who did not testify at trial, are black.\nThe law is well established that the failure to file post-trial motions constitute a waiver of that issue and precludes a defendant from assigning that matter on appeal as grounds for reversal. (People v. Yetter, 386 Ill. 594, 54 N.E.2d 532; People v. Picha, 44 Ill. App. 3d 759, 358 N.E.2d 937.) Defendant\u2019s first contention is that his statutory right to a speedy trial was violated. The statutory right to a speedy trial is personal to the accused and may be waived by him. (See People v. Nettles, 107 Ill. App. 2d 143, 246 N.E.2d 29.) Therefore, we rule that defendant\u2019s failure to file a post-trial motion is a waiver of that issue and precludes us from reviewing it.\nWe are likewise precluded from reviewing the evidence of defendant\u2019s guilt in this case. In the absence of a post-trial motion, we can only consider the sufficiency of the evidence under the plain error doctrine of Supreme Court Rule 615(a) (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1975, ch. 110A, par. 615(a)). This doctrine is intended as a means of ameliorating the harshness of a strict application of the waiver rule. By it, a court on review considers errors not properly presented which deprive the accused of substantial means of enjoying a fair and impartial trial or in which the evidence is closely balanced. (People v. Howell, 60 Ill. 2d 117, 324 N.E.2d 403.) Absent the prejudicial closing argument of the prosecutor, the evidence is not so palpably contrary to the weight of the evidence or the evidence so unsatisfactory as to create a reasonable doubt of defendant\u2019s guilt. Therefore, we refuse to reverse defendant\u2019s conviction without remand.\nUnder the plain error doctrine, the appellate court may consider assignments of error relating to seriously prejudicial arguments of counsel although no objection was made at trial and no post-trial motion was filed. (People v. Young, 33 Ill. App. 3d 443, 337 N.E.2d 40.) In the case before us pertinent parts of the prosecutor\u2019s closing arguments are as follows:\n\u201cFirst of all, concerning the defendant\u2019s witness, you have to remember that they don\u2019t five in the same social structure that we do, that you and I do. The witnesses that the defendant brought are street people \u2014 simple as that. The society they live in do not consider the truth a great virtue. The society they five in, they lie every day. It is nothing to them to protect one of their own kind by lying.\n0 0#\nI think they are lying, or more kindly say mistaken but it is not the truch [sic]. You didn\u2019t hear the truth today. Leon McKinney, who is our man like Imogene Miller, has a prior conviction. Here is another teller of truth. You can tell by his great upstanding record as a citizen of the United States, convicted of robbery. The same charge the defendant is convicted of, or accused, excuse me. Now how can you believe this. Does it make any sense to you that people like this tell the truth? Not especially, if one of their own is being prosecuted by white society. I don\u2019t think so. I would think a situation presented like this, I would be the first one to get up there and say \u201cmy brother isn\u2019t going to be convicted\u201d \u2014 that is what is happening today, Ladies and Gentlemen of the Jury. We abide by the law \u2014 they do not. That is the difference.\n0 0 0\nI believe you have heard the evidence and I believe but then again what I believe doesn\u2019t matter, it\u2019s what you believe. Did D. J. Watson tell the truth? Yes, he did. Would the defendant\u2019s witnesses lie? Yes, they would. They are lying to save a friend, lying to bust society, our society, that is the difference.\n0 0 0\nThat is the difference between a man telling the truth and a bunch of people getting together to he, and they are lying.\n0 0 0\nHere is Mr. Watson here saying, \u201cyes, I had intercourse, I had intercourse with a black woman.\u201d That is embarrasing. It is so embarrasing [sic] it is reasonable to believe the rest of the story is true. When a man comes up and says \u201cyes, I had intercourse with a black\u201d wouldn\u2019t [sic] lie about anything else. If he is going to he about anything else, he wouldn\u2019t admit having intercourse with a black woman. Now that is reasonable. He is telling you the truth. This is the way it happened.\u201d\nThe overall tenor of the prosecution\u2019s closing argument was an appeal to passion and prejudice and an attempt to unfairly affect the credibility of the witnesses in the eyes of the jury. These were not isolated instances but constituted a clear plan to undermine the judicial process. An argument of this type should not be made before any tribunal. It is an unmitigated appeal to prejudice and its effect could only be destructive of the proper administration of justice. (Jackson v. Chicago Transit Authority, 133 Ill. App. 2d 529, 273 N.E.2d 748.) The apparent attempt to depict defendant\u2019s witnesses as liars, not on the basis of the evidence, but on the basis that they would perjure themselves to help a member of the same race is clearly prejudicial as is the statement that a witness is telling the truth because he admitted having sexual relations with a member of another race. The entire closing argument is a thinly veiled appeal to prejudice. (People v. Romero, 36 Ill. 2d 315, 223 N.E.2d 121.) The statements of the prosecutor so prejudiced and inflamed the jury against Richardson\u2019s defense that he was deprived of a fair trial. These prejudical closing statements were plain error and a material factor in the guilty verdict returned by the jury and amounted to reversible error. People v. Young, 33 Ill. App. 3d 443, 337 N.E.2d 40.\nThe judgment of the Circuit Court of Jefferson County is reversed and the cause remanded for a new trial.\nReversed and remanded for a new trial.\nEBERSPACHER and JONES, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "Mr. PRESIDING JUSTICE CARTER" } ], "attorneys": [ "Michael J. Rosborough and A. Michael Kopec, both of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Mt. Vernon, for appellant.", "James E. Dull, State\u2019s Attorney, of Mt. Vernon (Bruce D. Irish and Keith P. Vanden Dooren, both of Illinois State\u2019s Attorneys Association, of counsel), for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. CANTRELL RICHARDSON, Defendant-Appellant.\nFifth District\nNo. 76-207\nOpinion filed May 31, 1977.\nMichael J. Rosborough and A. Michael Kopec, both of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Mt. Vernon, for appellant.\nJames E. Dull, State\u2019s Attorney, of Mt. Vernon (Bruce D. Irish and Keith P. Vanden Dooren, both of Illinois State\u2019s Attorneys Association, of counsel), for the People." }, "file_name": "0170-01", "first_page_order": 192, "last_page_order": 196 }