{ "id": 5540569, "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JOYCE RODRIGUEZ, Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Rodriguez", "decision_date": "1980-10-27", "docket_number": "No. 79-1717", "first_page": "941", "last_page": "947", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "89 Ill. App. 3d 941" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "309 N.E.2d 1", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "56 Ill. 2d 493", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5405202 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/56/0493-01" ] }, { "cite": "367 N.E.2d 1281", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1977, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "67 Ill. 2d 388", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5811945 ], "year": 1977, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/67/0388-01" ] }, { "cite": "71 Ill. 2d 620", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "year": 1977, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "379 N.E.2d 94", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1978, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "62 Ill. 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Ed. 2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "434 U.S. 894", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6405124, 6405222, 6405325, 6406317, 6405935, 6405421, 6405041, 6405555, 6404951, 6405786, 6405661, 6406111 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/434/0894-03", "/us/434/0894-04", "/us/434/0894-05", "/us/434/0894-12", "/us/434/0894-10", "/us/434/0894-06", "/us/434/0894-02", "/us/434/0894-07", "/us/434/0894-01", "/us/434/0894-09", "/us/434/0894-08", "/us/434/0894-11" ] }, { "cite": "363 N.E.2d 838", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1977, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "66 Ill. 2d 551", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5463653 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "559" }, { "page": "566" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/66/0551-01" ] }, { "cite": "408 N.E.2d 293", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1977, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "86 Ill. 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Ed. 2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "434 U.S. 927", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6431553, 6431714, 6432426, 6432203, 6432076, 6432528, 6432753, 6432854, 6431959, 6432633, 6431835, 6432956, 6432317 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/434/0927-01", "/us/434/0927-02", "/us/434/0927-08", "/us/434/0927-06", "/us/434/0927-05", "/us/434/0927-09", "/us/434/0927-11", "/us/434/0927-12", "/us/434/0927-04", "/us/434/0927-10", "/us/434/0927-03", "/us/434/0927-13", "/us/434/0927-07" ] }, { "cite": "364 N.E.2d 56", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1977, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "67 Ill. 2d 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5811436 ], "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "8-9" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/67/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "410 N.E.2d 418", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1977, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "88 Ill. App. 3d 160", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3173407 ], "year": 1977, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/88/0160-01" ] }, { "cite": "367 N.E.2d 666", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "67 Ill. 2d 222", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5812665 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "226" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/67/0222-01" ] }, { "cite": "98 S. Ct. 1513", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "S. Ct.", "year": 1977, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "55 L. Ed. 2d 533", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "year": 1977, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "435 U.S. 937", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 3106, 3091, 2397 ], "year": 1977, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/435/0937-02", "/us/435/0937-01", "/us/435/0937-03" ] }, { "cite": "367 N.E.2d 1313", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1978, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "67 Ill. 2d 564", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5811071 ], "year": 1978, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "578" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/67/0564-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 790, "char_count": 13883, "ocr_confidence": 0.894, "pagerank": { "raw": 9.595875784022419e-08, "percentile": 0.5262980583037853 }, "sha256": "309b31d7a23491f1777a8d2d0e03a3738ade4b668df8b1a3b99d5ededc46bfd0", "simhash": "1:637918eabb133894", "word_count": 2448 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T20:16:28.821099+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JOYCE RODRIGUEZ, Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Mr. PRESIDING JUSTICE GOLDBERG\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nAfter a jury trial, Joyce Rodriguez (defendant) was acquitted of attempted murder and convicted on four counts of aggravated battery and one count of reckless conduct. Defendant was sentenced to one to three years on the aggravated battery counts. She appeals.\nGilbert Velez testified that on October 19, 1974, he and David Aragon left a tavern at approximately 2 a.m. and stood by the side door on the sidewalk. They were joined by Fidel Perez, Edward Jaimes, Jessie Fernandez, and Mark Rodriguez. Velez saw a car pass, heard a \u201cbig boom,\u201d saw sparks and flames, and heard someone say, \u201cThey are shooting.\u201d He had started running when two or three pellets hit him, and he fell to the ground. He then saw flames coming from the car and saw a man, identified as co-defendant Louis Limas, firing a handgun from the front, passenger\u2019s seat.\nEdward Jaimes testified he-saw a white Buick traveling westbound on 16th Street. He \u201csaw a girl driving.\u201d He saw the car later, heard loud noises, and saw flashes coming from it.\nMark Rodriguez testified he was writing on a wall 2 or 3 feet away from the side door of the tavern when a white Buick drove by. He heard big booms and shots and was hit in the leg. Rodriguez fell to the ground. When he looked up, he saw the car turn and stop. He saw Louis Limas in the front seat firing shots from a revolver. He had known Limas for two years. He saw Arthur Moya in the rear seat. He stated the area \u201cwas well lit up. They have new lights out there.\u201d After the shooting, he saw Dennis Gatch and Joe Calderon in a Cadillac pursue the white Buick.\nFidel Perez testified he was standing near the side door of the tavern when a white Buick with a girl inside drove by. He stated, \u201cI saw the driver. The driver was a girl, but I didn\u2019t get a real good look at her, but she had dark hair. The car seemed to be going slow.\u201d He felt as though he was losing his balance. He heard loud booms, saw flames coming from a car, and felt some shots.\nDennis Gatch testified he parked his 1968 Cadillac by the side door of the tavern. From across the street he saw a small, white car pass with \u201csome people in it and as they went by I [saw] one person like sleeping with a coat over [his] head and the other person in the back like this [with his right hand over the right side of his face].\u201d He later returned to his friends near the tavern. He and Joe Calderon got in his car to go home. He saw the same car with \u201csomething come out of the back window.\u201d He said, \u201cThere they are,\u201d heard shots, and ducked down. When he got up, he saw the car going east on 16th Street and followed it. He alerted a squad car, but continued to follow the white car. He said he never lost sight of that car during the chase until he encountered a roadblock. He then stopped, but the white car continued through the obstacle. He later went to the police station and saw defendant there.\nArthur Barrios testified he pulled alongside Catch\u2019s Cadillac at the side of the tavern. Barrios was facing south in the northbound lane. He saw a car driving north and attempted to pull out of the way, but the car drove in the southbound lane to get around him. He stated, \u201c[T]his girl was just driving it by herself and I was looking at her because, you know, I thought I knew her or something.\u201d He said new lights had just been installed, so it was \u201creal bright.\u201d He looked at her \u201cfor about maybe ten seconds or fifteen seconds while the car was going by.\u201d Barrios pulled into the alley and \u201cfelt some pellets or something hit\u201d his car. He heard loud noises and saw his friends falling. He saw \u201cgunshots coming from 909 that white car that just passed.\u201d At approximately 6:40 a.m. in a police lineup, Barrios identified defendant as the driver. At trial he viewed a photograph of the lineup and pointed out defendant. He also identified defendant as the driver in court.\nJoseph Calderon testified he and Gatch went to Catch\u2019s car. He saw a white car coming up Fairfield and pass them. He saw \u201ctwo men raise up in the car.\u201d The man in the back had a shotgun and he fired it. He had known this man for \u201ca couple of years.\u201d In the front seat Limas started shooting. He had known Limas \u201cfor quite some time.\u201d The car \u201cwas moving real slow.\u201d He saw the driver was a \u201cgirl\u201d who wore glasses and a short fur coat and had black hair. He had seen her once or twice before. He identified defendant as the driver. He and Gatch pursued the car. He testified defendant still had this same coat on at the police station.\nJessie Fernandez saw a white car traveling north with \u201ca lady driving.\u201d He identified defendant as the driver. He identified Limas as a passenger who held a pistol. He had known Limas for a year. The man in back had a shotgun. The witness stated, \u201cThen the shot came off. I was struck.\u201d\nOfficer Lawrence Soltysiak testified he saw a white Buick and a Cadillac following it at high speed. He pursued the two cars and saw the Cadillac stop at a roadblock and the white Buick squeeze through. Soltysiak stopped his car and saw other police cars pursue the white Buick. In the area he found a revolver on the sidewalk. He later arrived where the white car had been stopped and his partner was assigned to search the apprehended female whom he identified in court as defendant.\nOfficer Roy Hull testified he pursued the white car and when it stopped, \u201ctwo people exited.\u201d He identified defendant as the driver. After a search, he found expended shotgun shells in the back seat.\nI.\nDefendant first contends the State failed to prove her guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Defendant urges the testimony of identification witnesses was doubtful.\nAn identification by even one credible witness who had a good opportunity to view defendant under circumstances which would permit a positive identification is sufficient to sustain a verdict of guilty. People v. Manion (1977), 67 Ill. 2d 564,578,367 N.E.2d 1313, cert. denied (1978), 435 U.S. 937,55 L. Ed. 2d 533, 98 S. Ct. 1513; People v. Yarbrough (1977), 67 Ill. 2d 222, 226, 367 N.E.2d 666.\nIn the case before us, three credible witnesses positively identified defendant as the driver of the car. Joseph Calderon saw defendant once or twice before and identified her as wearing a short fur coat and glasses and having black hair. Arthur Barrios saw defendant for 10 or 15 seconds. He also picked her out of a lineup a few hours after the shooting. Mark Rodriguez and Arthur Barrios testified the lighting conditions in the area were good. In addition, the car was in continual observation from before the time of the shooting until the termination of its flight. Dennis Gatch testified he followed the car despite police intervention. When the car finally stopped, Officer Hull ordered the driver out of the car and identified her as the defendant. The identification testimony here, considered in view of the legal principles above cited, is strong beyond reasonable doubt.\nFurthermore, although defendant did not herself fire any shots but simply drove the car, she was properly convicted on a theory of accountability. Section 5 \u2014 2 of the Criminal Code (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1973, ch. 38, par. 5\u20142) provides:\n\u201cA person is legally accountable for the conduct of another when:\n# \u00bb e\n(c) Either before or during the commission of an offense, and with the intent to promote or facilitate such commission, he solicits, aids, abets, agrees or attempts to aid, such other person in the planning or commission of the offense.\u201d\nMere presence or negative acquiescence is insufficient to establish accountability (People v. Jenkins (1980), 88 Ill. App. 3d 160, 410 N.E.2d 418), but as the court stated in People v. Morgan (1977), 67 Ill. 2d 1, 8-9, 364 N.E.2d 56, cert, denied (1977), 434 U.S. 927, 54 L. Ed. 2d 287, 98 S. Ct. 411 (quoting People v. Morgan (1976), 39 Ill. App. 3d 588,597-98, 350 N.E.2d 27):\n\u201c[A] person may aid or abet without actively participating in the overt act and if the proof shows that he was present at the commission of the crime without disapproving or opposing it, the trier of fact may consider this conduct in connection with other circumstances and thereby reach a conclusion that such person assented to the commission of the crime, lent to it his countenance and approval, and was thereby aiding and abetting it.\u201d\n(See People v. Hubbard (1973), 55 Ill. 2d 142, 147-48, 302 N.E.2d 609; People v. Martinez (1980), 84 Ill. App. 3d 79, 80, 405 N.E.2d 405.) We conclude there is ample evidence from which a jury could reasonably conclude defendant intended to promote and facilitate the shooting by willingly driving the car and thus enabling the passenger to shoot freely at the people on the sidewalk.\nIn our opinion, the evidence of guilt of this defendant of aggravated battery upon the theory of accountability is strong beyond reasonable doubt to an overwhelming extent.\nII.\nDefendant contends the jury was improperly influenced by the clerk of the court, and the trial judge did not properly instruct the jury- to correct the clerk\u2019s error. After verdict, when the trial judge requested the clerk to poll the jurors, the clerk stated, \u201cI am going to ask you the question \u2018Is this your verdict and was this your verdict?\u2019 and you will answer \u2018yes.\u2019 \u201d When defendant\u2019s attorney objected, the trial court judge stated, \u201cThe clerk will ask each specific juror \u2018Was this and is this now your verdict?\u2019 \u201d The clerk asked each juror that question, and each juror answered affirmatively.\nIt is true that \u201ca verdict cannot stand if the interrogation [of the juror] precludes the opportunity to dissent or if the record reflects that the juror in the poll has not in fact assented to the verdict.\u201d (People v. Kellogg (1979), 77 Ill. 2d 524, 529, 397 N.E.2d 835.) But such is not the situation here. The trial judge adequately corrected the language used by the clerk so as to permit any juror to express dissent. The trial judge stated the clerk will ask, \u201cWas this and is this now your verdict?\u201d The supreme court has approved of those words in People v. Kellogg (1979), 77 Ill. 2d 524, 528. We find them appropriate here. We find no reversible error in this regard.\nIII.\nDefendant contends the State\u2019s final remarks during closing argument played on the fears of the jury. The prosecutor stated:\n\u201cThe question comes down to do you want your community to be the type of situation where gang style shootings, street shootings, are going to be permitted? Where men are standing on street corners, and I don\u2019t care it if is 1:00 in the afternoon or 2:00 in the morning, where people have to be in fear of being severely and critically shot?\u201d\nDefendant failed to object to this remark and thereby failed to bring the issue to the attention of the trial court. \u201cUnder these circumstances, the defendant has waived any possible error, and [this issue is] not properly before this court.\u201d People v. Beto (1980), 86 Ill. App. 3d 622,629, 408 N.E.2d 293; People v. King (1977), 66 Ill. 2d 551, 559,363 N.E.2d 838, cert, denied (1977), 434 U.S. 894, 54 L. Ed. 2d 181, 98 S. Ct. 273.\nIn any event, \u201c[t]he propriety of remarks during closing argument is generally left to the discretion of the trial court.\u201d (People v. Madden (1978), 57 Ill. App. 3d 107, 114, 372 N.E.2d 851.) \u201c[Arguments and statements based on the proof or legitimate inferences deductible therefrom do not transcend the bounds of legitimate argument,\u201d and \u201cit is entirely proper for the prosecutor to dwell upon the evils of crime and to urge the fearless administration of the law.\u201d (People v. Hairston (1970), 46 Ill. 2d 348, 375, 263 N.E.2d 840, cert, denied (1971), 402 U.S. 972; 29 L. Ed. 2d 136, 91 S. Ct. 1658.) The prosecutor is also permitted to dwell upon the results of a crime and to comment upon its effect on the community. People v. Johnson (1979), 73 Ill. App. 3d 431,435, 392 N.E.2d 587; Madden, 57 Ill. App. 3d 107, 114.\nIn this regard, we find the prosecutor\u2019s reference to gang-style shootings in the community and a citizen\u2019s fears resulting therefrom to be within the bounds of proper argument. We also note Mark Rodriguez, Jessie Fernandez, and Joseph Calderon testified they were all members of the Satan Disciples at the time of the shooting. In addition, defendant\u2019s trial attorney in his closing argument mentioned \u201cthe testimony of the Satan Disciples and their friends\u201d and intimated the gang congregated at that corner at 2:30 a.m. and \u201cchased\u201d defendant on that evening.\nIV.\nThe jury found defendant guilty on four counts of aggravated battery and one count of reckless conduct. Aggravated battery is a Class 3 felony (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 38, par. 12\u20144), and reckless conduct is a Class A misdemeanor (par. 12\u20145). Defendant contends she should be sentenced only on the lesser charge of reckless conduct.\n\u201cReckless conduct is a lesser included offense of aggravated battery.\u201d (People v. Vassar (1978), 62 Ill. App. 3d 523, 526, 379 N.E.2d 94, appeal denied (1978), 71 Ill. 2d 620.) Both offenses arose from the identical acts. Therefore, we hereby vacate the judgment as to the lesser offense of reckless conduct and affirm the judgments and sentence on the aggravated battery charges. Compare People v. Thomas (1977), 67 Ill. 2d 388, 367 N.E.2d 1281 and People v. King (1977), 66 Ill. 2d 551, 566, with People v. Lilly (1974), 56 Ill. 2d 493, 309 N.E.2d 1.\nJudgment as to reckless conduct vacated; judgment and sentence as to aggravated battery charges affirmed.\nO\u2019CONNOR and CAMPBELL, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "Mr. PRESIDING JUSTICE GOLDBERG" } ], "attorneys": [ "Edward R. Vrdolyak, Ltd., of Chicago, for appellant.", "Bernard Carey, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Marcia B. Orr and Wesley H. H. Ching, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JOYCE RODRIGUEZ, Defendant-Appellant.\nFirst District (1st Division)\nNo. 79-1717\nOpinion filed October 27, 1980.\nEdward R. Vrdolyak, Ltd., of Chicago, for appellant.\nBernard Carey, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Marcia B. Orr and Wesley H. H. Ching, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People." }, "file_name": "0941-01", "first_page_order": 963, "last_page_order": 969 }