{ "id": 3161181, "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. RAYNARD WALLACE, a/k/a Raymond Wallace, Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Wallace", "decision_date": "1980-11-24", "docket_number": "No. 79-2236", "first_page": "960", "last_page": "967", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "90 Ill. App. 3d 960" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "412 N.E.2d 541", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "82 Ill. 2d 268", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5476013 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/82/0268-01" ] }, { "cite": "343 N.E.2d 489", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "62 Ill. 2d 448", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2971950 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "455" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/62/0448-01" ] }, { "cite": "362 N.E.2d 288", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "66 Ill. 2d 325", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5463440 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "330" }, { "page": "330" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/66/0325-01" ] }, { "cite": "389 N.E.2d 1200", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1977, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "76 Ill. 2d 19", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2984278 ], "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "27" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/76/0019-01" ] }, { "cite": "305 N.E.2d 579", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "16 Ill. 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App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2517232 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "75" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/16/0072-01" ] }, { "cite": "192 N.E.2d 835", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "28 Ill. 2d 396", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5363878 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "400-01" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/28/0396-01" ] }, { "cite": "445 U.S. 944", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 1777441, 1777828, 1777892, 1777733, 1777479, 1777577, 1777483, 1777839, 1777588, 1777525, 1777366, 1777527, 1777437 ], "year": 1963, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/445/0944-09", "/us/445/0944-08", "/us/445/0944-05", "/us/445/0944-03", "/us/445/0944-04", "/us/445/0944-02", "/us/445/0944-11", "/us/445/0944-12", "/us/445/0944-13", "/us/445/0944-07", "/us/445/0944-01", "/us/445/0944-06", "/us/445/0944-10" ] }, { "cite": "394 N.E.2d 1185", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1980, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "77 Ill. 2d 41", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5490485 ], "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "46" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/77/0041-01" ] }, { "cite": "139 N.E.2d 286", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "10 Ill. 2d 74", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2724228 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "86" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/10/0074-01" ] }, { "cite": "325 N.E.2d 601", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1956, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "60 Ill. 2d 300", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5414202 ], "year": 1956, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "306" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/60/0300-01" ] }, { "cite": "193 N.E.2d 784", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1975, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "29 Ill. 2d 132", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2824441 ], "year": 1975, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "134" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/29/0132-01" ] }, { "cite": "385 N.E.2d 694", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1963, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "74 Ill. 2d 393", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2993707 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1963, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "395-96" }, { "page": "396" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/74/0393-01" ] }, { "cite": "307 N.E.2d 382", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "56 Ill. 2d 306", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5404955 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "310" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/56/0306-01" ] }, { "cite": "154 N.E.2d 286", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "15 Ill. 2d 171", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2766546 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "176" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/15/0171-01" ] }, { "cite": "99 S. Ct. 1215", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "S. Ct.", "year": 1958, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "59 L. Ed. 2d 455", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "year": 1958, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "440 U.S. 907", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6197954, 6198410, 6198156, 6199756, 6198607, 6199223, 6199383, 6198839, 6199580 ], "year": 1958, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/440/0907-01", "/us/440/0907-03", "/us/440/0907-02", "/us/440/0907-09", "/us/440/0907-04", "/us/440/0907-06", "/us/440/0907-07", "/us/440/0907-05", "/us/440/0907-08" ] }, { "cite": "377 N.E.2d 803", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1979, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "72 Ill. 2d 50", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5442928 ], "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "65" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/72/0050-01" ] }, { "cite": "211 N.E.2d 369", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "33 Ill. 2d 349", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2885820 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "356" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/33/0349-01" ] }, { "cite": "392 N.E.2d 6", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "76 Ill. 2d 365", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2983489 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "373" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/76/0365-01" ] }, { "cite": "399 N.E.2d 1289", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "78 Ill. 2d 298", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3073050 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "306" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/78/0298-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 740, "char_count": 13826, "ocr_confidence": 0.896, "pagerank": { "raw": 8.893846160282662e-08, "percentile": 0.49978550873043176 }, "sha256": "1093d082a3f74f2019a149872b96337d7261851e3fef26fdb079d9564c76d9ef", "simhash": "1:41c630497aa3c5b9", "word_count": 2364 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T22:48:32.356040+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. RAYNARD WALLACE, a/k/a Raymond Wallace, Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Mr. PRESIDING JUSTICE GOLDBERG\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nAfter a bench trial, Raynard Wallace, otherwise known as Raymond Wallace (defendant), was convicted of intimidation (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1977, ch. 38, par. 12 \u2014 6(a)(1)). He was sentenced to two years, and he appeals.\nSandra Corbin testified that on March 29,1978, she was working as a waitress in the S & F Restaurant. She was taking a woman\u2019s order and some people \u201ccame up and stood behind the woman.\u201d The witness went to the back of the restaurant and heard \u201ckids hollering, \u2018Let my mama\u2019s purse go. Let my mama\u2019s purse go.\u2019 \u201d She returned and saw someone with a gun. The people knocked the woman out and took her purse. She identified defendant as one of the robbers.\nSandra Corbin also testified she was a State\u2019s witness in a resulting and then pending armed robbery case againt defendant. On May 5,1978, she stopped in at the same restaurant. She was not working there at the time. Defendant \u201ccame in the restaurant.\u201d He said \u201chis family was mad because they had to pay out nine hundred * * * some dollars for bail.\u201d The witness also testified:\n\u201cThen he [defendant] said he should \u2014 he[\u2019s] going to have somebody kill me or he should have someone else kill me or do something. Then he said he ought to beat my ass. Then he looked like he was walking out the door and he turned around and came back and reached for something.\u201d\nThe witness also said, \u201cHe [defendant] unbuttoned his coat and looked like he was reaching for something. I don\u2019t know what it was * * * and I wasn\u2019t going to stand up there and find out. I broke and ran to the back.\u201d She was nervous, upset, and frightened. She then called Investigator Joseph Strotter.\nInvestigator Strotter testified that on May 5, 1978, he received a phone call from Sandra Corbin. She sounded \u201cvery excited\u201d and \u201cfrightened.\u201d On May 6, he arrested defendant. He had previously arrested him around April 11 for the robbery in the restaurant. In connection with that robbery, defendant was put in a lineup and identified by Sandra Corbin. He also testified Sandra Corbin appeared at the preliminary hearing with regard to the robbery.\nLeonard Wojtecki testified he was an assistant State\u2019s Attorney on May 6, 1978. He talked to defendant who initially said it was his brother who was present at the restaurant and they looked alike. Defendant told him he was not even at the scene at the time Sandra Corbin said the defendant had threatened her. Defendant \u201cindicated that his brother used to baby-sit for the victim,\u201d \u201cthat his brother was having an affair with her,\u201d and \u201cthat her husband subsequently found out about this and threatened him.\u201d These matters were denied by Sandra Corbin in her testimony. Defendant said later he was in the restaurant and had an argument with the victim. During the argument, he threatened to beat her up for lying. He said she was lying about his participation in this armed robbery because of the mistaken identity between his brother and him.\nAnthony Wallace, the brother of defendant, testified he was a babysitter for Sandra Corbin one time at his mother\u2019s house. Sandra Corbin picked up the child in the presence of his mother. Ruth Wallace, mother of defendant, testified she saw Sandra Corbin come to her apartment and pick up the baby.\nDefendant testified that on March 29,1978, on the date of the alleged armed robbery, he was not at the restaurant and therefore could not have seen Sandra Corbin then. He stated he did not know if his brother was there or not. When he was arrested for the armed robbery, he was taken to the police station and put in a lineup. He saw Sandra Corbin, but \u201cshe did not identify\u201d him. He said the police did not tell him what he was arrested for because she was not sure it was the defendant. At one point he said he knew Sandra Corbin was there to identify him. He also said he did not know she was a witness to the robbery and he \u201cwas surprised to see her.\u201d\nDefendant testified Sandra Corbin was not present at a session of the court in the instant case held May 5, 1978, and \u201cshe wasn\u2019t a witness against me.\u201d But, defendant also testified he saw Sandra Corbin in court before the same judge on May 5,1978. He also said, \u201cI didn\u2019t see her.\u201d He added, \u201cAll I seen is her sitting down, and the next thing I know she was gone.\u201d\nOn that day, on his way home, he saw Sandra Corbin. He said she was in front of the restaurant on the sidewalk. He asked her, \u201c \u2018Can\u2019t you see that I\u2019m all messed up here, that my parents paid out a whole lot of money for something that I didn\u2019t even do? And you know I didn\u2019t do it * * *.' \u201d He said she told Officer Strotter he was not the one. He asked her why she changed that. They \u201cstarted getting loud\u201d and \u201ccussing at each other.\u201d Then \u201cshe said she didn\u2019t want to talk about it anymore,\u201d so he \u201cleft it at that.\u201d She went into the restaurant.\nDefendant testified he \u201cdid not threaten her.\u201d He said, \u201cI was trying to get her to stop doing something * * * lying.\u201d He said, \u201cI was trying to get her to cool her boyfriend down.\u201d Her boyfriend was talking about \u201cjumping on\u201d defendant\u2019s brother.\nI.\nDefendant first contends he was not proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. The Illinois Criminal Code (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1977, ch. 38, par. 12 \u2014 6(a)(1)) provides:\n\u201c(a) A person commits intimidation when, with intent to cause another to perform or to omit the performance of any act, he communicates to another a threat to perform without lawful authority any of the following acts:\n\u201c(1) Inflict physical harm on the person threatened * * *.\"\nIntimidation requires specific intent to cause the victim to perform or omit to perform certain acts. People v. Smith (1980), 78 Ill. 2d 298, 306, 399 N.E.2d 1289.\nSandra Corbin testified she saw defendant rob a woman in the S & F Restaurant on March 29, 1978. She picked defendant out of a police lineup. She was the State\u2019s witness against defendant in this prosecution for armed robbery. On May 5, she was frightened by defendant who threatened to kill her or \u201cbeat her ass.\u201d Defendant himself testified he \u201cwas trying to get her to stop doing something * * * lying.\u201d Defendant had been to court on the armed robbery charge that day although his testimony was indecisive on this point. Defendant testified he did not know she was a witness in his pending offense and he never threatened her or said he would kill her if she testified. However, in this type of situation, \u201cthe jury is not required to believe the defendant.\u201d (People v. Foster (1979), 76 Ill. 2d 365, 373, 392 N.E.2d 6.) \u201c[T]he testimony of one witness, if positive and credible, is sufficient to convict, even though it is contradicted by the accused.\u201d (People v. Gray (1965), 33 Ill. 2d 349, 356, 211 N.E.2d 369.) Sandra Corbin\u2019s testimony was positive and credible as to defendant\u2019s actions. On the contrary, the record shows the credibility of defendant was doubtful. We find this evidence sufficient to show beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant possessed the intent to cause Sandra Corbin not to testify at his trial for armed robbery and that he acted to intimidate her.\nFurthermore, where there are conflicting views of the facts, we are governed by the principle expressed in People v. Powell (1978), 72 Ill. 2d 50, 65, 377 N.E.2d 803, cert. denied (1979), 440 U.S. 907, 59 L. Ed. 2d 455, 99 S. Ct. 1215, quoting People v. West (1958), 15 Ill. 2d 171, 176, 154 N.E.2d 286:\n\"\u2018 [W]here a case is tried by the court without a jury, the determination of the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be accorded their testimony is committed to the trial judge; and, unless it can be said that the court\u2019s judgment is found to rest on doubtful, improbable or unsatisfactory evidence, or clearly insufficient evidence, a reviewing court will not substitute its judgment for that of the court below even though evidence regarding material facts is conflicting and irreconcilable.\u2019 \u201d\nSee People v. Benedik (1974), 56 Ill. 2d 306, 310, 307 N.E.2d 382.\nIn the instant case, the trial judge heard the testimony and viewed the demeanor of the witnesses. He decided the State had met its burden of proof beyond a reasonable doubt and we agree.\nII.\nDefendant contends the trial court erred in restricting cross-examination of Sandra Corbin. Defendant\u2019s attorney asked Sandra Corbin, \u201cNow, you are presently under arrest, are you not?\u201d The State objected, and the court sustained the objections.\nThe trial court is \u201cvested with \u2018substantial discretion\u2019 to determine both the manner and scope of cross-examination.\u201d (People v. Coles (1979), 74 Ill. 2d 393, 395-96, 385 N.E.2d 694, quoting People v. McCain (1963), 29 Ill. 2d 132, 134,193 N.E.2d 784; People v. Jones (1975), 60 Ill. 2d 300, 306, 325 N.E.2d 601.) The trial court\u2019s decision \u201cwill not be overturned absent a showing of a \u2018clear abuse\u2019 of that discretion \u2018resulting in manifest prejudice.\u2019 \u201d Coles, 74 Ill. 2d 393, 396, quoting People v. Halteman (1956), 10 Ill. 2d 74, 86, 139 N.E.2d 286.\n\u201c '* * * [T]he fact that a witness has been arrested * * * may be shown or inquired into where it would reasonably tend to show that his testimony might be influenced by interest, bias, or a motive to testify falsely.\u2019 \u201d (People v. Eddington (1979), 77 Ill. 2d 41, 46, 394 N.E.2d 1185, cert. denied (1980), 445 U.S. 944, quoting People v. Mason (1963), 28 Ill. 2d 396, 400-01, 192 N.E.2d 835.) However, the defendant\u2019s attorney on cross-examination also asked Sandra Corbin, \u201cDid the state make any statements to you about your pending case in return for your testimony today?\u201d Sandra Corbin, without objection, answered, \u201cNo, not to my knowledge.\u201d Sandra Corbin had no expectation of leniency as evidenced by this statement. No interest, bias, or motive on her part was present. Because of this, impeachment of the complaining witness by showing she was merely arrested is improper. (People v. Merritt (1973), 16 Ill. App. 3d 72, 75, 305 N.E.2d 579.) Defendant has failed to show the cross-examination was unduly restricted. We find no abuse of discretion in this regard.\nIII.\nDefendant contends evidence of the armed robbery was inadmissible during his trial for intimidation. We disagree.\n\u201c[A]s a general rule, evidence of other crimes committed by defendant, independent of the crime for which he is being tried, is inadmissible.\u201d (People v. Baptist (1979), 76 Ill. 2d 19, 27, 389 N.E.2d 1200; People v. Romero (1977), 66 Ill. 2d 325, 330, 362 N.E.2d 288.) But, as the court in Romero, 66 Ill. 2d 325, 330, stated (quoting People v. McDonald (1975), 62 Ill. 2d 448, 455, 343 N.E.2d 489):\n\u2018Evidence which tends to prove a fact in issue is admissible though it may be evidence showing that the accused has committed a crime other than the one for which he is being tried, and evidence which goes to show motive, intent, identity, absence of mistake or modus operandi is admissible though it may show the commission of a separate offense.\u2019 \u201d\nThe thrust of the State\u2019s case was that by words or conduct defendant intended to cause Sandra Corbin not to testify to the armed robbery. She witnessed this robbery and identified defendant as one of the robbers. At trial she could and presumably would have testified defendant committed an offense for which he could spend at least six years in prison. This established a strong motive for defendant to \u201cintimidate\u201d Sandra Corbin. Evidence of the armed robbery was therefore admissible in the trial of the alleged intimidation.\nIV.\nDefendant contends his sentence of imprisonment for two years is excessive and probation is appropriate. The trial court conducted a lengthy and complete sentencing hearing which included evidence in aggravation and mitigation. Close to one month later, the trial court conducted another sentencing hearing and heard additional testimony. The trial judge then imposed the minimum sentence permissible for intimidation which is a Class 3 felony. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 38, par. 1005 \u2014 8\u20141(6).) Under these circumstances it is impossible for us to consider a lesser sentence of imprisonment.\nIn addition, it is totally impermissible for this court to reduce a sentence of imprisonment to one of probation. The supreme court recently pointed this out with the citation of a number of pertinent authorities in People v. Cox (1980), 82 Ill. 2d 268, 412 N.E.2d 541. The able trial judge gave full consideration to the possibility of probation and expressly denied it. We are unable to review this action.\nDefendant urges the trial court denied probation to defendant because the court believed the defendant was guilty of armed robbery for which he had previously been exonerated. It is correct the trial court did mention the fact that he himself had found defendant not guilty of the armed robbery. However, the trial court also stated clearly and definitely that the defendant had been found guilty of the offense of intimidation. The trial judge also pointed out that he had expressly granted leniency to the defendant by imposing the minimum sentence.\nThus, although the trial judge mentioned the armed robbery evidence which was properly \u201creceived upon the trial\u201d (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 38, par. 1005 \u2014 4\u20141(a) (1)), we cannot say that the sentence was based upon any factor other than guilt of intimidation.\nFor these reasons the judgment appealed from is affirmed.\nJudgment affirmed.\nMcGLOON and CAMPBELL, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "Mr. PRESIDING JUSTICE GOLDBERG" } ], "attorneys": [ "William E. Reynolds, of Edward R. Vrdolyak, Ltd., of Chicago, for appellant.", "Bernard Carey, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Marcia B. Orr, Joan S. Cherry, and Alexander Vroustouris, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. RAYNARD WALLACE, a/k/a Raymond Wallace, Defendant-Appellant.\nFirst District (1st Division)\nNo. 79-2236\nOpinion filed November 24, 1980.\nWilliam E. Reynolds, of Edward R. Vrdolyak, Ltd., of Chicago, for appellant.\nBernard Carey, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Marcia B. Orr, Joan S. Cherry, and Alexander Vroustouris, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People." }, "file_name": "0960-01", "first_page_order": 982, "last_page_order": 989 }