{ "id": 3135687, "name": "DUSANKA MILENKOVIC et al., Petitioners-Appellees, v. MILAN MILENKOVIC, Respondent-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "Milenkovic v. Milenkovic", "decision_date": "1981-01-30", "docket_number": "No. 80-60", "first_page": "204", "last_page": "217", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "93 Ill. App. 3d 204" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "117 N.E.2d 859", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "2 Ill. App. 2d 17", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5123748 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/2/0017-01" ] }, { "cite": "71 N.E.2d 50", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "396 Ill. 176", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2466777 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/396/0176-01" ] }, { "cite": "340 N.E.2d 598", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "600" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "35 Ill. App. 3d 26", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5304957 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "28" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/35/0026-01" ] }, { "cite": "349 N.E.2d 113", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "39 Ill. App. 3d 208", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5383314 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/39/0208-01" ] }, { "cite": "373 N.E.2d 1007", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "57 Ill. App. 3d 776", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3421146 ], "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/57/0776-01" ] }, { "cite": "190 N.E. 668", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.", "year": 1978, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "356 Ill. 322", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5803626 ], "year": 1978, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/356/0322-01" ] }, { "cite": "379 N.E.2d 713", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "63 Ill. App. 3d 66", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3337638 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/63/0066-01" ] }, { "cite": "386 N.E.2d 278", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "68 Ill. App. 3d 471", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3307865 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/68/0471-01" ] }, { "cite": "370 N.E.2d 1028", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1979, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "69 Ill. 2d 220", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5456669 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1979, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/69/0220-01" ] }, { "cite": "232 N.E.2d 184", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "188" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "88 Ill. App. 2d 61", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 8499003 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "68" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/88/0061-01" ] }, { "cite": "112 N.E.2d 477", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "415 Ill. 126", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2683096 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/415/0126-01" ] }, { "cite": "225 Ill. App. 133", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App.", "case_ids": [ 5472030 ], "year": 1977, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app/225/0133-01" ] }, { "cite": "7 N.E.2d 611", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1922, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "289 Ill. App. 581", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App.", "case_ids": [ 3197237 ], "year": 1922, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app/289/0581-01" ] }, { "cite": "124 N.E.2d 521", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "522" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "364 N.E.2d 464", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "465" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "49 Ill. App. 3d 441", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5634366 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "444" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/49/0441-01" ] }, { "cite": "124 N.E. 521", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.", "year": 1977, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "289 Ill. 260", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 4968047 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "264" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/289/0260-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 1103, "char_count": 31846, "ocr_confidence": 0.914, "pagerank": { "raw": 3.0877340194676767e-07, "percentile": 0.8584174212473391 }, "sha256": "dfebd18ffc220bded5f72a27aaae4b63f4da0715d28721211c6b2495de641b32", "simhash": "1:6a88c00743845675", "word_count": 5158 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T16:29:48.439822+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "LORENZ and MEJDA, JJ., concur." ], "parties": [ "DUSANKA MILENKOVIC et al., Petitioners-Appellees, v. MILAN MILENKOVIC, Respondent-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Mr. JUSTICE WILSON\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nThis appeal arises out of a marriage dissolution action brought by respondent\u2019s wife, who was allegedly murdered by respondent during the pendency of the action. Following the wife\u2019s death the circuit court granted a neighbor\u2019s petition for temporary custody of the two minor children, Dusanka and Radomir, and ordered the transfer of respondent\u2019s property interest to a trustee for the benefit and support of the children. The trial court denied respondent\u2019s motion to vacate all orders entered after the wife\u2019s death. On appeal, he contends that (1) because a dissolution action abates upon the death of a party, the trial court lost jurisdiction over the entire action and thus its subsequent orders are void; (2) he was deprived of property without the due process of guarantees of notice and the opportunity to be heard. We affirm in part and reverse in part. The pertinent facts follow.\nProceedings Prior to Radosava Milenkovic s Death\nOn November 3, 1978, Mrs. Milenkovic (petitioner) filed an action for dissolution of marriage pursuant to the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act (the Act) (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1977, ch. 40, par. 101 et seq.). At the same time, she obtained a temporary restraining order against respondent on the grounds that he had threatened to injure or kill her. On November 5, 1978, respondent was personally served with summons and with notice of the petition for preliminary injunction. The circuit court granted Mrs. Milenkovic\u2019s petition on November 9, 1978, enjoining respondent from interfering with petitioner and from damaging or disposing of the marital home and its furnishings. Petitioner\u2019s request for sole possession of the marital home and other relief was continued to December 1, 1978.\nOn November 27,1978, respondent filed his answer and appearance, through his attorneys. At the December 1 hearing on the petition for temporary relief, the court granted petitioner\u2019s request to appoint an attorney to represent the interests of the parties\u2019 minor children.\nOn April 10, 1979, after giving emergency notice to the attorneys of respondent and of the children, petitioner filed an emergency petition for a rule to show cause against respondent for violating the injunction by allegedly attempting to kill her. Further, she requested exclusive possession of the marital home. During an in-chambers hearing on the following day, the parties\u2019 children testified as to certain violent acts of respondent that they had witnessed. The children stated they had seen their father strike their mother, attempt to stab her, and point a gun at her. The court found respondent to be in wilful contempt and ordered the sheriff to arrest respondent and bring him before the court.\nOn April 12, 1979, both parties and their attorneys were present at a hearing on the emergency petition. Respondent\u2019s counsel was allowed to withdraw his appearance on the basis that his client had lied to him on all material matters. After hearing the parties\u2019 testimony, the court awarded petitioner custody of the children and exclusive possession of the marital residence.\nIn August of 1979 the parties agreed to give respondent visitation rights and the court entered an order to that effect. In September 1979, respondent again allegedly threatened petitioner, who filed another rule to show cause. Her petition alleged that respondent again threatened bodily harm to her and the parties\u2019 daughter; that subsequent to the April 12 order awarding petitioner custody and exclusive possession of the marital home respondent had harassed and threatened petitioner\u2019s and the children\u2019s safety; that respondent had also violated the terms of the visitation order. The court continued the hearing on this petition until September 18, but ordered respondent to immediately desist from communicating with or approaching petitioner and the children pending the full hearing.\nOn September 12, 1979, before the hearing could be held, petitioner was shot to death. Respondent was charged with her homicide and incarcerated.\nProceedings Subsequent to Radosava Milenkovic s Death\nOn September 13, 1979, petitioner\u2019s friend and neighbor, Veronica Aglikin, filed a petition for custody of the two minor children pursuant to section 601(b)(2) and other sections of the Act. She had taken the children into her home after the death of their mother. Mrs. Aglikin\u2019s attorney, who had previously represented petitioner, informed the court that his firm had received a letter from respondent\u2019s attorney authorizing appropriate arrangements for petitioner\u2019s funeral. This letter, received into evidence, also stated that respondent desired that his children continue to reside with the neighbor they had stayed with during the previous night until other arrangements could be made. The court found that an emergency existed and waived formal notice of this September 13 proceeding. The court also noted that respondent had received actual notice. Counsel for the children was present. After hearing Mrs. Aglikin\u2019s testimony and that of one of the children, the court awarded temporary custody to Mrs. Aglikin and continued the matter to October 10, 1979.\nOn October 1, after serving notice on respondent\u2019s attorney and on the children\u2019s representative, Alan Drucker, Mrs. Aglikin filed a petition for emergency temporary relief. On that day, neither respondent\u2019s attorney nor Drucker was present, although Drucker had informed Mrs. Aglikin\u2019s attorney that he had no objection to the petition. Pursuant to the petition, the court then awarded certain sums to Mrs. Aglikin for the expenses she incurred in caring for the children. The court further ordered that $60 a week from respondent\u2019s income be paid to Mrs. Aglikin for the children\u2019s support. Remaining matters were continued to October 10,1979. On that day the cause was again continued to October 17, 1979, without further notice.\nOn October 17, 1979, two additional petitions and a motion were filed. Notice of these matters was served on respondent\u2019s attorney on October 15. One petition requested that proceeds from a life insurance policy on plaintiff be assigned so that funeral expenses could be paid. The other petition, filed by Drucker on behalf of the children, sought the establishment of a trust fund for the benefit of the minor children because defendant had refused to payesupport as ordered. The marital residence was to be the trust corpus. Also, Mrs. Aglikin filed a motion requesting the court to endorse certain checks made payable to respondent because he had refused to comply with the court\u2019s October 1 order to endorse the checks for support of his children. The court continued these matters to October 22, 1979, without further notice. During the October 22 hearing, the court granted Drucker\u2019s petition to place the marital residence in trust and to permit it to be sold, the proceeds to be held for the benefit of the children. The court named the Cosmopolitan National Bank of Chicago as trustee. Further, the court ordered that respondent be given 14 days in which to execute the necessary documents to transfer the property to the bank as trustee. If respondent failed to comply with this order, the court provided that a judge of the land title division of the circuit court would execute the deeds. Finally, the October 22 order continued the petition involving the life insurance proceeds and all remaining matters to November 7,1979, without further notice and provided that there was no just reason to delay the enforcement of or appeal from the order.\nOn November 2 the bank served respondent\u2019s attorney with notice of its motion to have the appraisal of the marital home approved and to list the house with a realty company. On November 7, this motion was considered along with the other matters at the status report. Drucker informed the court that someone from the criminal division of the court informed him that respondent might be obtaining a new attorney and that this attorney requested a continuance of the pending matters. The court approved the bank\u2019s appraisal and continued all other matters until November 13, 1979, without further notice.\nOn November 13, in response to the bank\u2019s November 7 motion, the court approved the trustee bank\u2019s entering into the listing agreement with the realty and investment company. The court also ordered that an associate judge execute the necessary documents because of respondent\u2019s refusal to do so. All other matters were continued to December 20, 1979, without further notice.\nOn November 26,1979, one of respondent\u2019s attorneys filed a motion to vacate all orders and to dismiss the entire lawsuit on the grounds that the trial court lost jurisdiction over the subject matter of the suit following the death of petitioner. The motion also alleged that respondent had relatives and friends capable of caring for his children and property and that the two-flat marital residence was capable of producing rental income to provide for the children\u2019s support.\nDuring the December 27 hearing on respondent\u2019s motion to vacate, respondent\u2019s counsel argued that no attorney had appeared on respondent\u2019s behalf at the hearings during which custody of the children was awarded to Mrs. Aglikin and respondent\u2019s property was put in trust for the children. Counsel further argued that respondent did not speak English and was unable to appear in court because he was confined in jail during the proceedings; consequently, his property was taken without due process of law.\nAfter the hearing, the court denied respondent\u2019s motion to vacate and dismiss, finding that section 602(b)(2) of the Act authorized the court\u2019s exercise of jurisdiction over the custody of the children, even though the dissolution action abated upon petitioner\u2019s death. The court also found that it had the power to put respondent\u2019s property in trust for the minor children\u2019s benefit, under section 503(d) of the Act, and that respondent had notice of the proceedings.\nOpinion\nThe initial question to be answered is whether the circuit court had authority, following the death of one of the parties to the pending dissolution action, to enter orders involving the custody and support of the parties\u2019 minor children. We hold that it did.\nI\nRespondent\u2019s premise is simple: In Illinois, pending marriage dissolution actions abate upon the death of one of the parties (Bushnell v. Cooper (1919), 289 Ill. 260, 124 N.E. 521; Howard v. Howard (1977), 49 Ill. App. 3d 441, 364 N.E.2d 464); therefore, the trial court\u2019s jurisdiction over this matter terminated upon the death of respondent\u2019s wife and all orders entered thereafter are void.\nWe agree with the first part of respondent\u2019s statement as a general principle of Illinois law. We do not question the soundness of those cases, decided under the former divorce act, which hold that a divorce action abates upon the death of one of the parties. The purpose of divorce is to dissolve the marital status, which is a personal relationship between the two parties. As our supreme court has cogently noted, \u201cdeath settle[s] the question of separation beyond all controversy,\u201d and deprives the court of jurisdiction over the matter. (Bushnell, 289 Ill. 260, 264, 124 N.E.2d 521, 522.) Later cases following this rationale have held that the court is not empowered to enforce property settlement agreements incorporated into divorce decrees if they are not entered before one party\u2019s death (In re Schriver (1937), 289 Ill. App. 581, 7 N.E.2d 611; see Dietz v. Speybroeck (1922), 225 Ill. App. 133), and that temporary alimony orders abate upon the death of a party to a pending divorce because they are \u201cincidental to the main action for divorce.\u201d Howard v. Howard (1977), 49 Ill. App. 3d 441, 444, 364 N.E.2d 464, 465.\nThe above cases, though correct applications of Illinois law, are inapposite to the pending case because none of the cases addresses the effect of a dissolution abatement upon child custody proceedings initiated pursuant to the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act. We believe that, although the court presumably lost jurisdiction over the dissolution action itself, the child custody provisions of the Act amply authorized the circuit court\u2019s jurisdiction, following petitioner\u2019s death, to enter the orders challenged here.\nThere are two ways to view the court\u2019s jurisdiction over the custody of the children: (1) as a continuation of the original proceeding, or (2) as a new proceeding under section 601(b)(2) of the Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1977, ch. 40, par. 601(b)(2)), which provides:\n\u201c(b) a child custody proceeding is commenced in the court:\ne # #\n(2) by a person other than a parent, by filing a petition for custody of the child in the county in which he is permanently resident or found, but only if he is not in the physical custody of one of his parents.\u201d\nRespondent objects to the second basis of jurisdiction on the grounds that he did not receive summons for the new action, or other adequate notice and opportunity to be heard. We will discuss the due process issues more fully in the second part of this opinion. We note, however, that the neighbor who petitioned for the children\u2019s custody comes directly within the language of section 601(b)(2) because the children were not in the physical custody of either parent when the petition was filed. \u201cPhysical custody\u201d is defined in the Act as \u201cactual possession and control of a child.\u201d (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 40, par. 2103.08.) We believe that where the mother is dead and the father is in jail it is obvious that neither parent has direct control over the children\u2019s care.\nThe circuit court found it unnecessary to view Mrs. Aglikin\u2019s child custody petition under section 601(b)(2) as a new proceeding. Instead, the court treated her as an intervenor in the original action. Thus, the court believed it had continuing jurisdiction over the children following their mother\u2019s death. We agree.\nIn support of this view, there are several relevant provisions of the Act which indicate that child custody proceedings may be distinct from \u2014 rather than incident to \u2014 dissolution actions. Under section 601 (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1977, ch. 40, par. 601(b)(l)(i), (ii)), a parent may commence a child custody proceeding either by filing a marriage dissolution petition or by filing a petition for custody, regardless of the marital status. Moreover, a temporary custody order may survive the dismissal of the dissolution proceeding and the court may enter a custody judgment if \u201cthe court finds, after a hearing, that the circumstances of the parents and the best interest of the child\u201d so require. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 40, par. 603(b).) Additionally, as we have discussed, section 601(b)(2) permits a nonparent to initiate a custody action when neither parent has physical custody of the child.\nThe inference that may be drawn from these provisions is that child custody proceedings are not jurisdictionally precluded by the absence or termination of dissolution proceedings. Hence, the general principle that death of a party abates the divorce action should not be too hastily applied to child custody matters.\nMoreover, it is important to recognize that it has long been the law in Illinois that the death of a custodial parent after a final divorce judgment has been entered does not automatically revert custody to the surviving parent. (Jarrett v. Jarrett (1953), 415 Ill. 126, 112 N.E.2d 477), even if that parent would be considered to be a fit parent. (See Mackie v. Mackie (1967), 88 Ill. App. 2d 61, 232 N.E.2d 184.) Thus, when a divorced custodial parent dies the court has the power to determine further custody transfers of a child even though the legal custody of the child is not in anyone immediately following the death of the custodian. (Mackie, 88 Ill. App. 2d 61, 68, 232 N.E.2d 184, 188.) This reasoning is consonant with the firmly entrenched concept that custody determinations must be predicated upon the best interest of the child. Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 40, par. 602; Sommer v. Borovic (1977), 69 Ill. 2d 220, 370 N.E.2d 1028; In re Wheat (1979), 68 Ill. App. 3d 471, 386 N.E.2d 278.\nWe conclude from our analysis of relevant Illinois law that we must reject respondent\u2019s contention that the custody determination in the pending case should be voided merely because it was never incorporated into a final dissolution judgment. That the initial order awarding the children\u2019s custody to their mother was \u201ctemporary relief\u201d does not affect the result, because it is clear that the children\u2019s interests and needs were of concern to the court from the beginning, regardless of the status of the marriage. This is indicated in part by the court\u2019s order of October 1,1978, which approved the appointment of counsel to represent the children\u2019s interests. Certainly the children\u2019s needs did not abate upon the death of their mother; her death could only intensify them.\nRespondent\u2019s apparent response to the above considerations is that the legislature rather than the court must provide for the survival of a custody proceeding in cases such as the one before us. We believe that the custody provisions of the Act indicate that the legislature has done just that. As additional authority for the circuit court\u2019s exercise of jurisdiction over the children\u2019s custody we find persuasive the doctrine of parens patriae. This common law concept has traditionally empowered the courts, in extreme circumstances, to guard the welfare of neglected minors, incompetents, and others who suffer certain legal disabilities. The parens patriae doctrine is expressly incorporated into the jurisdictional section 601(a) of the Act. Jurisdiction under this doctrine is premised on the existence of an emergency and is analogous to the jurisdiction of the juvenile courts. We believe the circumstances of this case justified the trial court\u2019s exercise of parens patriae jurisdiction even absent any other jurisdictional basis in the Act. The parties\u2019 two minor children, aged 11 and 14 at the time, lost their mother through the violent shooting that their father is alleged to have committed. He is presently in jail, without the immediate prospect of release. When the mother filed for marriage dissolution and obtained injunctive orders against her husband, she was awarded custody on grounds that are of record.\nRespondent was twice made subject to rules to show cause for violating the court\u2019s injunction, and for violating the visitation order. The children told the trial judge that they had seen their father strike and threaten their mother, and the record indicates that there was at least a possibility that the daughter\u2019s physical safety had also been threatened by respondent. On these facts, to hold that the trial court lost jurisdiction over the children\u2019s welfare following their mother\u2019s death would ignore the clear import of the Act\u2019s custody provisions and decimate the court\u2019s historical powers embodied in the parens patriae concept. This we will not do. The trial court\u2019s continued jurisdiction over the children\u2019s welfare following their mother\u2019s death rests on a firm foundation.\nII\nRespondent next contends he was denied due process of law because he was not given adequate notice of the proceedings following petitioner\u2019s death on September 12, 1979, and because his attorney\u2019s absence from these proceedings effectively deprived him of his opportunity to be heard. We agree that respondent\u2019s two-flat residence should not have been placed in trust to be sold for the children\u2019s support before respondent was allowed to offer evidence of his financial ability to support the children by other means. We therefore reverse the trial court\u2019s denial of respondent\u2019s request for a new hearing on that issue. In remanding, however, we do not disturb the court\u2019s custody determination that placed the Milenkovic children in Mrs. Aglikin\u2019s care.\nIn analyzing the due process issue we first note that Mrs. Aglikin\u2019s custody petition, filed pursuant to section 601(b)(2) of the Act, was not a \u201cnew\u201d proceeding that would require additional service of summons upon respondent. As we have held, the court properly treated Mrs. Aglikin as an intervenor in the original action.\nThe facts of this opinion set forth the chronology of the challenged proceedings, which we need not repeat in detail. For clarity, however, we will review the occurrences of the September 13, 1979, proceedings.\nOn September 13, the day after petitioner\u2019s death, Mrs. Aglikin filed her petition for custody of the Milenkovic children, which alleged that the children were staying in her home; that they had expressed the desire to remain there; and that to preserve the status quo a temporary order granting custody to Mrs. Aglikin was necessary to prevent irreparable harm to the children. Further, the petition stated that respondent\u2019s attorneys had been notified by telephone of the petition. At the hearing on this petition, Aglikin\u2019s attorney (who had previously represented petitioner) verified that he had given notice to respondent\u2019s newly retained attorney, who had appeared in court briefly but then left to attend another trial. Before leaving, respondent\u2019s attorney submitted a letter in which he stated that he had been retained by respondent. The letter contained his client\u2019s authorization to make funeral arrangements and to permit the children to remain with their neighbor temporarily. During this September 13 hearing, he was also granted leave to file his appearance and respondent\u2019s previous attorneys were given leave to withdraw. The trial court found that an emergency existed and waived formal notice.\nIn view of the above, we find that respondent was on actual notice of the September 13 proceedings and that the court did not err or abuse its discretion in awarding temporary custody to Mrs. Aglikin. Respondent\u2019s attorney had received telephone notice and had briefly appeared in court on the day the petition was heard, to enter his appearance and to present the letter which represented respondent\u2019s acquiescence to letting the children remain with their neighbor (Mrs. Aglikin). Without doubt, notice of the September 13 custody proceedings was adequate under these circumstances. That being so, the trial court had authority to hear Mrs. Aglikin\u2019s petition for custody of the Milenkovic children.\nIn awarding temporary custody to her, moreover, the court did not abuse its discretion. Significantly, respondent has never alleged that Mrs. Aglikin is unfit to care for the children. There is nothing in the record to support any inference that she should not retain custody; the evidence is to the contrary. Nor can we surmise what alternative arrangements respondent might prefer. As we have recognized, however, Illinois law establishes beyond argument that it is the best interest of the child standard that the trial court must adhere to in determining custody; even parental preferences must yield. See Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 40, par. 602; Sommer v. Borovic (1977), 69 Ill. 2d 220, 370 N.E.2d 1028; Cebrzynski v. Cebrzynski (1978), 63 Ill. App. 3d 66, 379 N.E.2d 713.\nHaving found no error with respect to the custody order we must next address respondent\u2019s claim that he was deprived of property without due process of law. The essence of due process is procedural fairness, as embodied in the elements of notice and opportunity to be heard. (E.g., People v. Niesman (1934), 356 Ill. 322, 190 N.E. 668; Lescher v. Barker (1978), 57 Ill. App. 3d 776, 373 N.E.2d 1007.) As long as these elements are satisfied, a party is not denied due process, even if he fails to avail himself of his opportunity to be heard. Lescher v. Barker; Rhodes v. Anderson (1976), 39 Ill. App. 3d 208, 349 N.E.2d 113.\nAs reflected in the facts of this opinion, the record indicates that respondent\u2019s attorney was personally served with notice before each motion or petition which preceded the court\u2019s orders affecting respondent\u2019s property rights. Theoretically, at least, respondent was given the opportunity to present evidence through his attorney. Therefore, it is possible to state that the minimum due process requirements were technically met in this case. Nevertheless, we do not believe that basic procedural fairness is achieved where, as here, an incarcerated party has no actual notice and no reasonable chance to present evidence before his property is ordered to be sold. Except for the brief appearance in court on September 13, 1979, to convey his client\u2019s wishes regarding the children\u2019s custody and the funeral arrangements, respondent\u2019s attorney completely failed to respond to all subsequent notices he received. He did not attend the hearings on the children\u2019s support matters. He did not object to any of the proceedings on behalf of his client, nor did he request any continuances. There is nothing in the record to explain this. Despite the absence of respondent or his attorney, the court made various orders affecting respondent\u2019s property, in a period of four weeks after Mrs. Milenkovic\u2019s death. Respondent claims that he had no knowledge of these occurrences that effectively deprived him of his realty. He also alleges that his two-flat residence is capable of generating sufficient rental income to pay for his children\u2019s support and that the court should have inquired into his financial capabilities before permitting the sale of the residence.\nWe believe that respondent should be allowed to present his evidence on this issue. Although we are aware that service on the attorney is generally imputed to the client (People ex rel. Rogers v. Elrod (1975), 35 Ill. App. 3d 26, 28, 340 N.E.2d 598, 600 (it is \u201cwell-settled\u201d that a client is deemed to have received notice of matters in which his attorney receives notice, regardless of whether the attorney actually informs the client); see Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 110A, par. 11), we believe a rigid application of such a rule without regard to the facts of the case would be inappropriate. In effect, respondent\u2019s opportunity to be heard was nonexistent; he was unaware of the petitions and motions served on his attorney, who did not respond to them in any way. Thus, we believe that the court abused its discretion, in these circumstances, by permitting the marital residence as the trust corpus to be sold without first hearing from respondent or his attorney.\nIt is important to recognize that the trial court has the power to make provisions for the children\u2019s support. We are not holding that the court could not set up a trust fund for the children under section 503(d) of the Act. Indeed, respondent does not assert that he has no obligation, as a father, to provide for his minor children. Nor does he challenge the amount of the payments that the court ordered him to pay for his children\u2019s support. Instead he argues that the court exceeded its discretion by prematurely permitting the sale of the real property that could be used to support the children through its potential to generate rental income. We agree that the court\u2019s summary disposition of the property in this case was an abuse of discretion and that respondent must be given an opportunity to present his defense before the property can be sold.\nFor the foregoing reasons, we affirm the trial court\u2019s continued jurisdiction over the custody of the Milenkovic children following the death of their mother. However, we reverse the trial court\u2019s denial of respondent\u2019s request for an evidentiary hearing on the matter of his financial capabilities to support the children, and remand the cause for a hearing limited to that issue. Respondent or his attorney must be present at that time.\nAffirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded with directions.\nLORENZ and MEJDA, JJ., concur.\nShortly thereafter, respondent obtained services of another law firm. The new attorneys filed an appearance on April 18, 1979. In September of 1979 respondent replaced this law firm with yet another attorney, who was attorney of record during the custody proceedings that took place following petitioner\u2019s death. Finally, respondent retained as additional counsel his current attorney, who filed the November 26 motion to vacate and who brought this appeal.\nThis section has been renumbered 601(d)(2) in the 1979 version of the Illinois Revised Statutes.\nThis order was entered October 26,1979, but made retroactive to October 22, the date of the hearing on the matter.\nIt does not appear that any cases decided under prior Illinois law squarely address this question of survival of child custody jurisdiction following divorce abatement in similar circumstances. But see Ollman v. Ollman (1947), 396 Ill. 176, 71 N.E.2d 50 (court could not determine property rights, alimony, or child custody absent a valid divorce decree); see also Kramp v. Kramp (1954), 2 Ill. App. 2d 17, 117 N.E.2d 859 (court retained post-decree jurisdiction over custody of children following death of father, but lost jurisdiction regarding support payments).\nSection 601 sets forth the jurisdictional standards for child custody proceedings. Subsection (a) incorporates the jurisdictional provisions of the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act as adopted in Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 40, par. 2101 et seq. See Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 40, par. 2104; Ill. Ann. Stat., ch. 40, par. 601, Historical and Practice Notes, at 3 \u2014 9 (Smith-Hurd 1980).\nSection 601(c) allows intervention of \u201cinterested parties\u201d in custody proceedings.\nThus, parents who do not seek to affect their marital status may sue for custody under the Act rather than bring a habeas corpus action, the remedy formerly used. See Ill. Ann. Stat., ch. 40, par. 601, Historical and Practice Notes, at 8 (Smith-Hurd 1980).\nSee Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 40, pars. 601(a), 2104(a)(3); Ill. Ann. Stat., ch. 40, par. 601, Historical and Practice Notes, at 6 \u2014 7 (Smith-Hurd 1980). The court\u2019s emergency parens patriae power under subsection 4(a)(3) (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 40, par. 2104(a)(3)) is considered extraordinary and is not intended as the basis of jurisdiction for general custody disputes between parents and others. (Ill. Ann. Stat., ch. 40, par. 601, Historical and Practice Notes, at 7 (Smith-Hurd 1980).) It should be noted, however, that jurisdiction under this subsection apparently coexists with that conferred by the Juvenile Court Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 37, pars. 702 \u2014 4 (neglected minor); 702 \u2014 5 (dependent minor)). Child custody proceedings can also be initiated under the Habeas Corpus Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 65, par. 1 et seq.) and the Probate Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 110!!, par. 11 \u2014 5). Ill. Ann. Stat., ch. 40, par. 601, Historical and Practice Notes, at 8 (Smith-Hurd 1980).\nWhile this appeal was pending respondent was convicted of voluntary manslaughter and sentenced to seven years\u2019 imprisonment.\nRespondent\u2019s November 26,1979, motion to vacate alleged that he had close friends and relatives \u201cwilling to care for the children,\u201d an assertion explicitly refuted in Mrs. Aglikin\u2019s response to the motion.\nThis section provides:\n\u201cThe court may protect and promote the best interests of the children by setting aside a portion of the jointly or separately held estates of the parties in a separate fund or trust for the support, maintenance, education, and general welfare of any minor, dependent, or incompetent child of the parties.\u201d", "type": "majority", "author": "Mr. JUSTICE WILSON" } ], "attorneys": [ "Michael J. McArdle, of Chicago, for appellant.", "Katz, Karacic & Helmin, and Alan J. Drucker, both of Chicago (Thomas J. Karacic, Kenneth A. Helmin, and T. Gregory Mieczynski, of counsel), for appellees." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "DUSANKA MILENKOVIC et al., Petitioners-Appellees, v. MILAN MILENKOVIC, Respondent-Appellant.\nFirst District (5th Division)\nNo. 80-60\nOpinion filed January 30, 1981.\nMichael J. McArdle, of Chicago, for appellant.\nKatz, Karacic & Helmin, and Alan J. Drucker, both of Chicago (Thomas J. Karacic, Kenneth A. Helmin, and T. Gregory Mieczynski, of counsel), for appellees." }, "file_name": "0204-01", "first_page_order": 226, "last_page_order": 239 }