{
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  "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. ROBERT BOCHNIAK, Defendant-Appellee",
  "name_abbreviation": "People v. Bochniak",
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [
      "GOLDBERG, P. J., and O\u2019CONNOR, J., concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. ROBERT BOCHNIAK, Defendant-Appellee."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Mr. JUSTICE McGLOON\ndelivered the opinion of the court;\nThis is an appeal by the State, pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 604(a)(1), from an order by the trial court sustaining defendant\u2019s motion to suppress.\nAfter he received a tip-off that defendant Robert Bochniak and his brother had stolen materials from defendant\u2019s place of employment, Officer Stasinopoulos went to 2554 West Augusta in Chicago, believing that to be defendant\u2019s home address. Defendant actually resided at 2550 West Augusta. When the officer knocked on the door at 2554 West Augusta, defendant\u2019s mother, Mrs. Catherine Olijnek answered.\nWhen the officer informed Mrs. Olijnek that there were stolen goods in the garage, she claimed that it was untrue but invited him to inspect. The officer testified that Mrs. Olijnek and defendant\u2019s brother Michael entered the garage and that he followed. Mrs. Olijnek testified that she did not accompany the officer to the garage. It is undisputed, however, that the door was opened with her key. Inside the garage, the officer found electrical supplies.\nDefendant arrived at his mother\u2019s home and asked the police what they were doing in the garage. The officer informed him that he was looking for stolen electrical supplies and that he did not need a search warrant because the landlord had granted him entry.\nMrs. Olijnek was the owner of the garage, but had been renting it out to her two sons for $20 per month for approximately 6 years. She testified that she never used the garage.\nThe trial court sustained defendant\u2019s motion to suppress the evidence. The State appeals from that order.\nWe affirm.\nOn appeal, the State argues that the trial court erred in sustaining defendant\u2019s motion to suppress because (1) defendant\u2019s mother had the actual authority to consent to a search of the garage, or (2) defendant\u2019s mother had the apparent authority to consent to a search of the garage.\nWe must first determine whether defendant\u2019s mother had the actual authority to consent to the search of the garage. The consent of one who possesses common authority over the premises or effects is valid as against the absent nonconsenting person with whom that authority is shared. (United States v. Matlock (1974), 415 U.S. 164, 170, 39 L. Ed. 2d 242, 94 S. Ct. 988; People v. Stacey (1974), 58 Ill. 2d 83, 87, 317 N.E.2d 24.) Whether one possesses such authority depends on the particular facts and circumstances of each case.\nThe State argues that since defendant\u2019s mother owned the premises on which the garage was located, retained a key to, the garage and had never explicitly been ordered to stay out of the garage, she had the actual authority to consent to the search. Defendant, on the other hand, maintains that since he and his brother rented the garage from their mother for $20 per month and since his mother never used the garage because she had no reason to do so, she did not have any authority to consent to the search.\nThe fact that defendant\u2019s mother owned the garage does not mean that she had the actual authority to consent to a search of the garage. In United States v. Matlock, Justice White of the United States Supreme Court stated that \u201c[cjommon authority is \u00b0 \u00b0 \u00b0 not to be implied from the mere property interest a third party has in the property.\u201d (415 U.S. 164, 171 n.7, 39 L. Ed. 2d 242, 250 n.7, 94 S. Ct. 988, 993 n.7; People v. Ford (1980), 83 Ill. App. 3d 57, 62-63,403 N.E.2d 512; People v. Schlemm (1980), 82 Ill. App. 3d 639, 644, 402 N.E.2d 810.) Nor does the fact that defendant\u2019s mother was in possession of a key to the garage necessarily vest her with such authority. See People v. Weinstein (1968), 105 Ill. App. 2d 1, 245 N.E.2d 788.\nRather, the authority which justifies third-party consent rests on the mutual use of the property by persons generally having joint access or control for most purposes. (United States v. Matlock (1974), 415 U.S. 164, 171 n.7, 39 L. Ed. 2d 242, 250 n.7, 94 S. Ct. 988, 993 n.7; People v. Stacey (1974), 58 Ill. 2d 83, 317 N.E.2d 24.) Mrs. Olijnek testified that she never went inside the garage and that she had no reason to do so. Thus, the garage was used exclusively by defendant and his brother Michael. We conclude that although defendant\u2019s mother owned and retained a key to the garage, she did not have common authority over the premises. Her consent to the search of the garage was therefore invalid.\nThe State alternatively argues that the search of the garage was valid because defendant\u2019s mother had the apparent authority to consent to the search. In support of this argument, the State points to several facts in the record, namely: that defendant\u2019s mother answered the door at the address where the police thought defendant resided; that she identified herself as defendant\u2019s mother; that she said she owned the premises; that she invited the police to search; that she opened the garage with a key; and that she failed to tell the police that defendant rented the garage from her.\nIn 1964 in Stoner v. California (1964), 376 U.S. 483, 11 L. Ed. 2d 856, 84 S. Ct. 889, the United States Supreme Court considered an argument similar to the one at hand, and held that \u201c[o]ur decisions make clear that the rights protected by the Fourth Amendment are not to be eroded by strained applications of the law of agency or by unrealistic doctrines of \u2018apparent authority.\u2019 \u201d (376 U.S. 483, 488, 11 L. Ed. 2d 856, 860, 84 S. Ct. 889, 892.) Four years later, in People v. Miller (1968), 40 Ill. 2d 154, 238 N.E.2d 407, the Illinois Supreme Court was presented with a factual situation under which it easily could have upheld a search conducted pursuant to the consent of one who had apparent authority over the subject property. The supreme court, however, relying on Stoner rejected the prosecution\u2019s apparent authority argument. Subsequent Illinois cases also have refused to apply the apparent authority doctrine in consent search cases. (See People v. Schlemm (1980), 82 Ill. App. 3d 639, 402 N.E.2d 810; People v. Johnson (1975), 28 Ill. App. 3d 799, 329 N.E.2d 464.) In accordance with the strong Illinois trend, we reject the State\u2019s apparent-authority argument.\nFor the foregoing reasons, we affirm the order of the circuit court of Cook County.\nOrder affirmed.\nGOLDBERG, P. J., and O\u2019CONNOR, J., concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Mr. JUSTICE McGLOON"
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Bernard Carey, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Marcia B. Orr and Kathleen Warnick, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People.",
      "Victor F. Ciardelli, Ltd., of Chicago, for appellee."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. ROBERT BOCHNIAK, Defendant-Appellee.\nFirst District (1st Division)\nNo. 80-574\nOpinion filed February 17, 1981.\nBernard Carey, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Marcia B. Orr and Kathleen Warnick, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People.\nVictor F. Ciardelli, Ltd., of Chicago, for appellee."
  },
  "file_name": "0575-01",
  "first_page_order": 597,
  "last_page_order": 599
}