{ "id": 3132152, "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. TURNER LLOYD et al., Defendants-Appellants", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Lloyd", "decision_date": "1981-03-06", "docket_number": "Nos. 79-1283, 79-1284 cons.", "first_page": "1018", "last_page": "1028", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "93 Ill. App. 3d 1018" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "368 N.E.2d 882", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "68 Ill. 2d 149", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5809665 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/68/0149-01" ] }, { "cite": "185 N.E.2d 158", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "159" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "25 Ill. 2d 305", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5353541 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "308" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/25/0305-01" ] }, { "cite": "353 N.E.2d 186", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1962, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "40 Ill. App. 3d 942", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2967156 ], "year": 1962, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/40/0942-01" ] }, { "cite": "325 N.E.2d 601", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "60 Ill. 2d 300", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5414202 ], "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/60/0300-01" ] }, { "cite": "436 U.S. 478", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 1490303 ], "weight": 6, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "486" }, { "page": "476" }, { "page": "1935" }, { "page": "487" }, { "page": "476" }, { "page": "1935" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/436/0478-01" ] }, { "cite": "362 N.E.2d 295", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "66 Ill. 2d 317", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5465234 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/66/0317-01" ] }, { "cite": "404 N.E.2d 233", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "79 Ill. 2d 564", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3069192 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/79/0564-01" ] }, { "cite": "393 N.E.2d 608", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1980, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "74 Ill. App. 3d 624", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3268231 ], "year": 1980, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/74/0624-01" ] }, { "cite": "338 N.E.2d 880", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "884" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "62 Ill. 2d 114", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2971537 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "120-21" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/62/0114-01" ] }, { "cite": "390 N.E.2d 1339", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1975, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "73 Ill. App. 3d 112", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3262523 ], "year": 1975, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/73/0112-01" ] }, { "cite": "379 N.E.2d 847", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "63 Ill. App. 3d 315", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3337746 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/63/0315-01" ] }, { "cite": "394 N.E.2d 1256", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "76 Ill. App. 3d 613", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3280632 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/76/0613-01" ] }, { "cite": "394 N.E.2d 456", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1979, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "74 Ill. App. 3d 990", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3270843 ], "year": 1979, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/74/0990-01" ] }, { "cite": "377 N.E.2d 107", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "60 Ill. App. 3d 794", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3353824 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/60/0794-01" ] }, { "cite": "265 N.E.2d 685", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1978, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "47 Ill. 2d 331", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2904431 ], "year": 1978, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/47/0331-01" ] }, { "cite": "285 N.E.2d 561", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "6 Ill. App. 3d 254", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2468498 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/6/0254-01" ] }, { "cite": "367 N.E.2d 666", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "668" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "67 Ill. 2d 222", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5812665 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "226" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/67/0222-01" ] }, { "cite": "272 N.E.2d 825", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "828" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "133 Ill. App. 2d 151", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2473520 ], "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "155" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/133/0151-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 1069, "char_count": 24300, "ocr_confidence": 0.913, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.432518956688277e-07, "percentile": 0.6515937801779177 }, "sha256": "c5b119fe9d8a72794d442f4647d348bbcfe93cd7767db2be3c32562a6d4344f0", "simhash": "1:8a343448d5c207cd", "word_count": 3964 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T16:29:48.439822+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "MEJDA and LORENZ, JJ., concur." ], "parties": [ "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. TURNER LLOYD et al., Defendants-Appellants." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Mr. JUSTICE WILSON\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nFollowing a jury trial, defendants Turner Lloyd and Maurice Barr were convicted of armed robbery. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1977, ch. 38, par. 18 \u2014 2.) Lloyd was sentenced to a prison term of eight years and Barr was sentenced to 12 years. On appeal, defendants contend that (1) the evidence failed to prove their guilt beyond a reasonable doubt; (2) the trial court erred in refusing to strike the identification testimony of one of the complaining witnesses; (3) the prosecutor\u2019s question relating to defendant Barr\u2019s drug use was improper and prejudicial; (4) the prosecutor\u2019s closing argument contained inflammatory remarks; (5) the verdict forms submitted to the jury were improper and prejudicial; (6) defendant Barr\u2019s sentence is excessive and should be reduced. We affirm.\nOn September 29, 1978, at approximately 12:30 or 1 a.m., John Behling, Steve Krol, Brian Thoma, and Marty Mora were sitting in Behling\u2019s parked car at 47th Street and Aberdeen in Chicago. There were three street lights in the area. As they sat talking and drinking beer, two men approached the car. One man, later identified.as defendant Barr, asked for a cigarette. The other man, identified as defendant Lloyd, pulled a gun from under his jacket and ordered everyone out of the car. While Lloyd trained the gun on the victims, Barr unsuccessfully attempted to start Behling\u2019s car. Then Lloyd tried and failed to start the car. He told Behling to start the car, who also failed to do so. Next, Lloyd ordered Behling to join the other three men in the middle of the street. One defendant told the victims to empty their pockets and to put their wallets on the ground. Lloyd also took $140 from Behling\u2019s pocket. The four victims were then told to lie face down on the ground. Only Krol complied, but he stood up again after he noticed that the others had not done so. Defendants ran off after hearing a voice say \u201cCome on,\u201d or \u201cHurry up.\u201d The robbery had lasted about 10-15 minutes.\nOn October 1, 1978, Behling and Krol identified both defendants from books of photographs. Although they were in the same room when they looked through the four books of approximately 50-75 photographs each, Krol and Behling identified defendants\u2019 photographs separately.\nOn October 4,1978, Behling, Krol, and Thoma individually viewed a six-man lineup. Behling identified both defendants, Krol identified Barr only, and Thoma identified Lloyd only.\nAt the trial, the complaining witnesses identified defendants as the men who had robbed them. On cross-examination, Behling testified that the prosecutor had discussed his testimony with him and had shown him defendants\u2019 photographs prior to trial. Behling further testified that he had been drinking his second beer when defendants approached the car. He had never seen Barr before the robbery and did not recall what he was wearing at the time. Behling stated that the taller assailant wore an Afro hairstyle; that one offender had a maroon jacket; and that the shorter assailant wore a grey cap. He recognized Barr and Lloyd in the lineup from their photographs and from the time of the robbery.\nFollowing Behling\u2019s testimony, the defense moved to strike his identification evidence because the prosecutors had shown him defendants\u2019 photographs before the trial. The motion was taken under advisement, and, after further argument of counsel, denied.\nThe next witness, Krol, testified to the September 29, 1978, occurrences. His version was essentially the same as Behling\u2019s. On cross-examination, he stated that he had drunk about 1% beers. He described Barr as having worn a dark jacket and dark pants and having a medium complexion and a natural hairstyle. He testified that his attention was fixed primarily on Barr during the robbery, but he saw Lloyd long enough to describe him to the police.\nThe third complaining witness, Thoma, testified that one of the offenders was tall and had an Afro, that one wore a dark blue coat, and that one wore a hat. He stated that he looked at Lloyd\u2019s face for approximately six minutes, during the time Lloyd pointed the gun at him.\nOn cross-examination, Thoma testified that he did not view police photographs on October 1, 1978, nor was he shown any photographs before the trial.\nPolice investigator Drew Englert testified that he conducted the defendants\u2019 lineup. Following their arrest, Englert told defendants that they were to be charged with armed robbery. He told them to stand anywhere in the lineup. They stood next to each other, in positions four and five. Behling identified both men, Krol identified Barr, and Thoma identified Lloyd.\nOn cross-examination, Englert testified that when defendants were arrested they had no weapons, nor did they have any of the property of complainants.\nAfter the State rested, and defense motions for directed verdicts were denied, defendant Barr took the stand. He stated that he lived at home with his parents; he had never seen Lloyd before the October 4, 1978, arrest; he was not in the vicinity of 47th and Aberdeen on September 29,1978, between the hours of 12:30 and 1 a.m.; he was not with Lloyd at any time during that evening, and he did not rob the victims.\nAccording to Barr, he was in front of his brother\u2019s house at midnight on September 28, talking to a friend, George Palmer. Fifteen minutes later he walked to 50th Street and Prairie with his girlfriend Joyce Spivey and Palmer. The walk took approximately 15 minutes and they stayed at that location for 40 to 45 minutes. Then Barr and Palmer went to a nearby YMCA to telephone Palmer\u2019s girlfriend, while Spivey waited. Defendant and Palmer rejoined Spivey, and the three of them walked to a store to buy some wine. By this time it was 12:50 a.m. or 1 a.m. Spivey got into a car and left. Barr and Palmer waited, drinking the wine. Palmer then left. Shortly thereafter, Barr was told that Palmer and Spivey had been arrested, but he did not know why.\nOn cross-examination, Barr said that he lived with his girlfriend. When the prosecutor noted that he had earlier claimed a different address, that of his parents, he replied that he \u201cstayed with\u201d his parents because he was \u201cstill a teenager.\u201d\nBarr recalled that he had been with about eight other people at his brother\u2019s house at midnight on September 28,1978, but only remembered the name of his friend, Palmer. Earlier that evening he had been watching a program and drinking wine with his friends inside his brother\u2019s apartment. The prosecutor then asked:\n\u201cQ. Did you take any drugs?\nA. No,\nMr. Samuels [defense counsel]: Objection, Your Honor.\nThe Court: He has already answered.\u201d\nThe defense counsel moved for a mistrial, which was denied. The court told the jury to disregard the question and answer.\nDefendant testified that he had worn a maroon suit and a red flowered shirt on the night of the incident. He further testified that at the October 4 lineup he coincidentally stood next to defendant Lloyd. He stated that the police had not told him that he could choose where to stand in the lineup. He also denied having a conversation with Lloyd while they stood facing the wall immediately before the lineup.\nAfter Barr rested, Lloyd\u2019s witnesses testified. His mother stated that she was familiar with many of her son\u2019s friends but did not know Barr. She recalled that she had seen her son at home on September 28, 1978, at about 6 p.m. She left the house thereafter and did not return until the next day.\nKerry Lloyd, defendant\u2019s brother, stated that he knew most of his brother\u2019s friends but did not know Barr. At approximately 6:30 p.m. on September 28, 1978, Kerry was sitting with two friends outside his house. Defendant spoke to them briefly and went inside. Kerry next saw his brother at 8:30 or 9 p.m., sleeping in an upstairs bedroom with a quart of beer in his hands. Kerry went back downstairs and rejoined his two friends. The three of them remained outside until about 12:30-1 a.m. Kerry again went upstairs and saw his brother, still asleep. He took the beer bottle from his brother\u2019s hands. Kerry further testified that he did not see defendant leave the house that evening. When Kerry went to bed at 3 a.m., defendant was still asleep.\nBetty Jean McMillan testified that she was sitting outside the Lloyd house on the night in question. She recalled speaking to defendant between 7 and 8:30 p.m. She also saw him between 12 and 12:30 a.m. when she went upstairs to use the washroom. He was sleeping in a bedroom with a quart beer bottle on his chest. On cross-examination, when she was asked whether it was a bottle or can of beer, she replied that \u201cIt was a quart. You know, the quart comes in 16 ounce cans.\u201d McMillan also testified that the people sitting around at the Lloyd house from 7 p.m. to midnight drank beer and smoked \u201creefers.\u201d\nInvestigator Englert, recalled as the State\u2019s rebuttal witness, stated that at the lineup he had seen Barr and Lloyd talking while they stood next to each other. He could not understand their actual words.\nThe State rested in rebuttal. The court informed the jury that the closing arguments were not to be considered as evidence, and the parties presented their arguments. Over defense objections the jury was given two verdict forms for each defendant, naming all three alleged victims in the same \u201cguilty\u201d and \u201cnot guilty\u201d verdict forms.\nThe jury found both defendants guilty of armed robbery. Following a hearing in aggravation and mitigation, defendants were sentenced to serve prison terms in the State penitentiary.\nOpinion\nDefendants first contend that the State failed to prove their guilt beyond a reasonable doubt because of weaknesses in the identification evidence. We disagree.\nThe law that applies to this issue is clear. The State must prove that the accused committed the crime, and if the identification of defendant is \u201cvague, doubtful, and uncertain,\u201d the conviction will be reversed. (People v. Kelley (1971), 133 Ill. App. 2d 151, 155, 272 N.E.2d 825, 828.) The testimony of one credible witness is sufficient to support the conviction, however, if \u201che viewed the accused under such circumstances as would permit a positive identification to be made.\u201d People v. Yarbrough (1977), 67 Ill. 2d 222, 226, 367 N.E.2d 666, 668.\nIn the pending case, two of the eyewitnesses positively identified Barr on three separate occasions. All three complaining witnesses identified Lloyd. Behling, Krol, and Thoma had ample time to observe defendants during the robbery, which lasted approximately 10-15 minutes. There were street lights in the area and both defendants were only a few feet away from the victims for at least part of the duration. As the facts reflect, both defendants were subsequently identified by at least two of the complaining witnesses from police photographs, from the lineup, and in court. We believe that the identification evidence amply supports the convictions. All the purported weaknesses in the State\u2019s evidence \u2014 the witnesses\u2019 \u201cscanty\u201d recollection of defendants\u2019 features and clothing, the fact that the witnesses had been drinking beer before the robbery, defendants\u2019 contention that they did not know each other \u2014 raise matters of credibility. It was for the jury to judge the identification evidence, along with defendants\u2019 alibi evidence, and to choose whom they believed. (People v. Yarbrough; People v. Holmes (1972), 6 Ill. App. 3d 254, 285 N.E.2d 561.) We cannot upset the jury\u2019s verdict unless the evidence is so improbable as to raise a reasonable doubt of defendants\u2019 guilt. On the record before us, we do not draw that conclusion.\nDefendants\u2019 second contention is that the trial court erred in denying the defense motion to strike John Behling\u2019s in-court identification of defendants because the prosecutors showed him defendants\u2019 photographs just prior to trial. The prosecutor\u2019s conduct may have altered Behling\u2019s recollection, defendants charge, and thus violated their right to a fair trial.\nWe' reject defendants\u2019 theory. While showing a witness a defendant\u2019s photograph prior to trial in some circumstances may be considered \u201chighly suggestive\u201d (see People v. Martin (1970), 47 Ill. 2d 331, 265 N.E.2d 685; People v. Freeman (1978), 60 Ill. App. 3d 794, 377 N.E.2d 107), the issue is whether the in-court identification is independently based and not unduly influenced by the photographs or other extraneous sources. (Martin.) In the instant case, Behling had previously identified defendants from a large group of photographs and had also selected defendants from the lineup. Therefore, we do not believe that his viewing of the photographs before trial unduly influenced him. Although the cases defendants rely upon contain language which disapproves of showing photographs to witnesses before a trial, the witnesses in those cases had not independently identified defendants. In Freeman, for example, the court found the prosecutor\u2019s procedure of showing a witness the defendant\u2019s photograph before trial to be \u201cglaringly suggestive,\u201d especially since the witness had not previously identified the defendant. Despite this, the court affirmed defendant\u2019s conviction, based on the sufficiency of the other evidence.\nWe believe that even if Behling\u2019s in-court identification had been stricken, the remaining identification evidence is sufficient to sustain defendants\u2019 conviction. Therefore, we conclude that the prosecutor\u2019s use of the photographs in this case did not prejudice defendants.\nDefendant Barr next contends that he was deprived of a fair trial because he was asked, on cross-examination, whether he had taken any drugs on the night of the robbery. He argues that the purpose and effect of the question was to create bias against him and put him in an unsavory light, thereby enhancing the likelihood of his conviction.\nWe find defendant\u2019s argument to be meritless. The trial court sustained the objection to the question and told the jury to disregard it. We have often held that such action by the court cures the potential harm of improper remarks or questions. (People v. Burnett (1979), 74 Ill. App. 3d 990, 394 N.E.2d 456; People v. Price (1979), 76 Ill. App. 3d 613, 394 N.E.2d 1256.) We conclude that this single drug reference, which was answered in the negative, did not result in substantial prejudice to defendant or deprive him of a fair trial.\nDefendants next challenge the prosecutor\u2019s closing argument, which they believe deprived them of a fair trial. In particular, they object to two comments, a remark that purportedly accused defense lawyers of \u201cfraud\u201d and a statement concerning the reasonable doubt standard. After reading the transcript and reviewing the pertinent law, we find defendants\u2019 argument unpersuasive.\nSubstantial latitude is accorded attorneys in their closing arguments at trial. (People v. Weatherspoon (1978), 63 Ill. App. 3d 315, 379 N.E.2d 847.) They may comment on the evidence and draw reasonable inferences from it. Even improper remarks may be considered harmless error if there is \u201coverwhelming evidence\u201d of defendant\u2019s guilt (People v. Olejniczak (1979), 73 Ill. App. 3d 112, 390 N.E.2d 1339; cf. People v. Weathers (1975), 62 Ill. 2d 114, 338 N.E.2d 880), and a new trial will not be granted because of improper remarks unless they are so prejudicial as to materially contribute to a defendant\u2019s conviction (see Weathers; People v. Galloway (1979), 74 Ill. App. 3d 624, 393 N.E.2d 608). Moreover, if the trial court sustains the objection and instructs the jury to disregard the challenged comment, the potentially prejudicial effect of the comment is generally deemed to be cured. People v. Carlson (1980), 79 Ill. 2d 564, 404 N.E.2d 233; People v. Olejniczak.\nThe first challenged remark is: \u201cWhat you heard here in these arguments of counsel is a culmination, a kind of fraud.\u201d The court sustained defendants\u2019 objection as to the use of the word \u201cfraud.\u201d This remark was part of the prosecutor\u2019s attempt to refute defendants\u2019 claim that they did not know each other. The prosecutor\u2019s reference was to the defense tactic of having defendants sit apart from each other in the courtroom. While we do not condone the prosecutor\u2019s choice of words, we believe that the phrase \u201ckind of a fraud\u201d falls short of the type of verbal conduct that would warrant a reversal. Defendants\u2019 cited cases involve prosecutors\u2019 comments that far exceeded the bounds of fair comment on the evidence. For example, in People v. Weathers, the prosecutor accused defendant and his attorneys of having lied; labelled defendant a \u201csharp cookie\u201d whose lack of previous arrests merely indicated his skill in eluding police; stated that there was no reasonable doubt in the case but that the defense tried to create it by \u201cconfusion, indecision, and misrepresentation\u201d; and declared that the court knew that defendant had committed the armed robbery. In remanding the case for a new trial the court noted that although there was \u201cconsiderable evidence\u201d against defendant, the State\u2019s arguments were not \u201cinadvertent errors\u201d but were, instead, \u201cseverely prejudicial,\u201d which might have contributed to defendant\u2019s conviction. (People v. Weathers (1975), 62 Ill. 2d 114, 120-21, 338 N.E.2d 880, 884.) Similarly, in People v. Monroe (1977), 66 Ill. 2d 317, 362 N.E.2d 295, the court held that the prosecutor\u2019s remarks had exceeded the bounds of \u201cproper courtroom decorum.\u201d The improper remarks included an accusation that the defense lawyers had committed character assassination of the State\u2019s witnesses and the characterization of defendant\u2019s position as a \u201cpreposterous defense\u201d that the prosecutor could not believe because defense counsel did not believe it himself.\nWe believe that the reference to \u201ca kind of fraud\u201d in the instant case is not so prejudicial as to require reversal. We also believe that the trial court cured any prejudicial effect by sustaining the objection and instructing the jury to disregard the remark.\nDefendants also object to the prosecutor\u2019s remarks as to the reasonable doubt standard. He said:\n\u201cLadies and gentlemen, I would like to mention something, I\u2019m almost done, about reasonable doubt. You heard reasonable doubt over and over again. Well, reasonable doubt isn\u2019t some mythical standard, it doesn\u2019t put these two defendants on a pedestal. Every time\u2014\nMr. Samuels: Objection to this argument, your honor.\nThe Court: No, the objection is overruled at this point. Go ahead, I am listening.\nMr. Erickson: Every defendant that has ever been convicted\u2014\nMr. Samuels: I object to this argument.\nThe Court: The objection is overruled.\nMr. Erickson: (Continuing) \u2014 convicted of a crime in this country has been convicted beyond a reasonable doubt. It\u2019s not an impossible burden to meet, it is met in every criminal trial where there happens to be a conviction.\u201d\nDefendants contend that these remarks imply that they were guilty because of their status as \u201ccriminal defendants.\u201d They rely on Taylor v. Commonwealth of Kentucky (1978), 436 U.S. 478, 486, 56 L. Ed. 2d 468, 476, 98 S. Ct. 1930, 1935, in which the United States Supreme Court disapproved of a prosecutor\u2019s statement that the accused, \u201c \u2018like every other defendant who\u2019s ever been tried who\u2019s in the penitentiary * * 9 has this presumption of innocence until proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.\u2019 \u201d The court noted that this statement could be viewed as an invitation to the jury to consider his status as a defendant as evidence tending to prove guilt. The court also questioned the propriety of the prosecutor\u2019s phrase, \u201c \u2018[o]ne of the first things defendants do after they rip someone off * \u2022 \u201d (Emphasis added.) (436 U.S. 478, 487, 56 L. Ed. 2d 468, 476, 98 S. Ct. 1930, 1935.) The court noted that these comments implied that all defendants are guilty. However, the main error in the case was the trial court\u2019s failure to instruct the jury of the defendant\u2019s presumption of innocence, and it was in this context that the Supreme Court found that the prosecutor\u2019s remarks as to the reasonable doubt standard were prejudicial. The court did not hold that the comments, standing alone, constituted reversible error; rather, the court emphasized the need for carefully framed instructions designed to ensure that a defendant be judged only on the evidence.\nIn the pending case, the trial court properly instructed the jury as to the defendants\u2019 presumption of innocence and also stated that closing arguments were not to be viewed as evidence. We conclude, therefore, that in light of the strong evidence of defendants\u2019 guilt and the court\u2019s careful instruction to the jury, there is no prejudicial error regarding the prosecutor\u2019s closing arguments.\nThe fifth issue defendants raise is that the trial court, in submitting only two verdict forms for each defendant, erred because the armed robbery indictment consisted of three counts, each involving a separate complaining witness. Under section 115 \u2014 4(j) of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963 (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1977, ch. 38, par. 115 \u2014 4(j)), a jury must return a general verdict \u201cas to each offense charged.\u201d Defendants argue that since each count is a separate offense, there should have been three separate sets of verdict forms. Instead, the \u201cguilty\u201d and \u201cnot guilty\u201d verdict forms listed all three victims. Consequently, defendants argue, this may have precluded the jury from acquitting defendants on one or more of the three counts of armed robbery.\nWe reject defendants\u2019 theory. Under our case law, when a general verdict of guilty is returned on an indictment which contains several counts arising out of the same transaction, the defendant is considered guilty on each count (People v. Jones (1975), 60 Ill. 2d 300, 325 N.E.2d 601; People v. Mimms (1976), 40 Ill. App. 3d 942, 353 N.E.2d 186), and \u201cif the punishment imposed is one which is authorized to be inflicted for the offense charged in any one or more of the counts, the verdict must be sustained.\u201d People v. Lymore (1962), 25 Ill. 2d 305, 308, 185 N.E.2d 158, 159.\nWe believe that these principles are dispositive of the pending case; the sentence imposed could have been given for any one of the three armed robbery counts and the only difference among the offenses is that each involved a different victim. Under these circumstances, the trial court did not err in submitting only two verdict forms for each defendant.\nDefendants\u2019 final contention is that Maurice Barr\u2019s 12-year prison term is excessive because Lloyd received only 8 years for the same conduct. Barr concedes that the trial court was entitled to hear the evidence in aggravation before sentencing the men. However, Barr argues that the court abused its discretion because he had no previous felony convictions, while Lloyd had previously served a one-year sentence for robbery. Defendants cite authorities for the principle that similarly situated co-defendants should receive substantially similar sentences.\nWe do not agree that the trial court\u2019s sentences were excessive or that the imposition of four extra years on defendant Barr was an abuse of discretion. At Barr\u2019s sentencing, the evidence in aggravation included the testimony of three witnesses which indicated that Barr had been involved in a burglary and a rape. We note that the trial court is vested with broad discretion in determining criminal punishment and, in so doing, may consider such factors as defendant\u2019s demeanor, moral character, habits, age, and social environment. (People v. Perruquet (1977), 68 Ill. 2d 149, 368 N.E.2d 882.) We conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in imposing defendant Barr\u2019s sentence; therefore, we will not alter it.\nFor the foregoing reasons, we affirm the trial court\u2019s judgment.\nAffirmed.\nMEJDA and LORENZ, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "Mr. JUSTICE WILSON" } ], "attorneys": [ "James J. Doherty, Public Defender, of Chicago (Timothy P. O\u2019Neill, Assistant Public Defender, of counsel), for appellant Turner Lloyd.", "Elliott Samuels, of Chicago, for appellant Maurice Barr.", "Bernard Carey, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Marcia B. Orr, James S. Veldman, and Edwin Bishop, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. TURNER LLOYD et al., Defendants-Appellants.\nFirst District (5th Division)\nNos. 79-1283, 79-1284 cons.\nOpinion filed March 6, 1981.\nJames J. Doherty, Public Defender, of Chicago (Timothy P. O\u2019Neill, Assistant Public Defender, of counsel), for appellant Turner Lloyd.\nElliott Samuels, of Chicago, for appellant Maurice Barr.\nBernard Carey, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Marcia B. Orr, James S. Veldman, and Edwin Bishop, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People." }, "file_name": "1018-01", "first_page_order": 1040, "last_page_order": 1050 }