{
  "id": 2717979,
  "name": "Philip Amsterdam, Appellee, v. City of Chicago et al., Appellants",
  "name_abbreviation": "Amsterdam v. City of Chicago",
  "decision_date": "1911-03-16",
  "docket_number": "Gen. No. 15,559",
  "first_page": "106",
  "last_page": "114",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "160 Ill. App. 106"
    }
  ],
  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.",
    "id": 8837,
    "name": "Illinois Appellate Court"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 29,
    "name_long": "Illinois",
    "name": "Ill."
  },
  "cites_to": [],
  "analysis": {
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    "char_count": 15580,
    "ocr_confidence": 0.479,
    "sha256": "3e5df6ce1b1cabef31c24c5bbc9ccb5196e0fb68597a6fbf13d8f49001fa4a27",
    "simhash": "1:aeb38eba9eaf2985",
    "word_count": 2717
  },
  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T19:25:51.885060+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "Philip Amsterdam, Appellee, v. City of Chicago et al., Appellants."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Mr. Justice 'Brown\ndelivered the opinion of the court.\nThe appellee in this case, Philip Amsterdam, complainant and cross defendant below, is the owner of two three story brick flat buildings of ordinary construction, from the flat roofs of which people can overlook the West Side National Ball Park. One of them, at 451 South Wood street, had on the roof when he bought it \u201ca grand stand,\u201d as the same is defined in section 656 of the Municipal Code of Chicago; that is tiers of wooden seats rising one above the other. Seats on these stands were presumably rented by the former owners, as they were by appellee in 1905 and 1906 and 1907, to persons desirous of seeing the base hall games in the park without paying therefor as much as was demanded for admission to the park for equally good seats. The other building is at 805 West Taylor street, and was built by tbe appellee in 1907. On it he built a grand stand similar to that on tbe building at 451 South Wood street, but larger, and used it for tbe same purposes.\nPermits to Amsterdam \u201cto use roof\u201d of 451 South Wood street as a \u201cgrand stand\u201d were issued to him by a deputy commissioner of buildings for tbe city in tbe spring of 1905 and of 1906, and one for tbe \u201cerection of a grand stand on tbe roof\u201d of said building in April, 1907. Tbe permits were on blank forms used for permits for tbe erection of buildings, and all contained tbe clause:\n\u201cThis permit is granted on tbe express condition that tbe said P. Amsterdam in tbe erection of said building shall conform in all respects to tbe ordinances of tbe city of Chicago regulating tbe construction of buildings in tbe city limits, and may be revoked at any time upon tbe violation of any of the provisions of said ordinances.\u201d\nA permit apparently was issued for tbe building at 805 West Taylor street, including a grand stand on tbe roof, on July 19, 1907. At all events tbe evidence shows that on that date plans for tbe building, showing tbe proposed grand stand on tbe roof, were approved by a deputy building commissioner, and the court below in its decree hereinafter described so found.\nIt is, however, not disputed that tbe permits for tbe erection or use of \u201cgrand stands\u201d on both buildings were revoked in tbe fall of 1907, and notice given to tbe appellee by tbe city of Chicago through a deputy commissioner of buildings. This tbe court below also found in its decree, and counsel for appellee in their argument concede that no question is raised by tbe record as to tbe estoppel of tbe city because of the issuance of said permits.\nBut after that revocation tbe police made objection to people going upon these roofs, and tbe appellee Amsterdam thereupon filed a bill in chancery making' the city of Chicago, its chief of police and its commissioner of buildings defendants, setting forth his ownership of the buildings, the construction of the grand stands upon the roofs, and the profitable use by him for four years of the one on South Wood street. He alleged further by his bill that he had complied with all the regulations of the building department of the city and with all suggestions, additions and improvements required by the city for the purpose of rendering the roofs safe, and that they and the stands were safe; that the building department of Chicago, though admitting the fact that the stands and roofs were safe, were threatening to stop the use of the roofs on the ground that \u201cthe corporation counsel had ordered no permits to be issued for stands in the future near the base ball park;\u201d that the police were interfering to prevent persons from going up on the roofs and threatening to arrest the complainant; and \u201cthat in the construction of said stands on the roofs and each of them\u201d the complainant had strictly followed the laws and city ordinances. He therefore prayed the court to enjoin the defendants from in any manner interfering with bis premises or with tbe use of tbe roofs of said premises for tbe purpose of placing and seating persons thereon.\nA temporary injunction in accordance with the prayer of the bill was granted. The defendants then answered, denying that the buildings and constructions thereon were safe or that the grand stands were erected in accordance with the ordinances and regulations of the city of Chicago, and denying any admission to the contrary by said city or its officers. They denied also that the reason for the refusal for the permit for the building at 805 West Taylor street was that the corporation counsel had ordered that no permit be issued for stands in the future near base ball parks, and alleged that the true reason was that to issue such a permit would be in violation of certain ordinances of the city of Chicago, and especially section 656 of the Kevised Municipal Code of Chicago of 1905.\nSaid section 656 is set forth in full in the answer and as we think the decision of this case properly turns upon it, we quote it.\n\u201cWooden grand stands or tiers of seats, commonly known and described as grand stands, may be erected within the fire limits where no part of any such structure shall be within sixty feet of any other building or structure, provided that the person or corporation desiring a permit for the construction of such a grand stand shall first obtain the consent in writing of the owners of a majority of the frontage on both sides of the street or streets on each side of the block or square in which it is desired to erect such grand stand.\u201d\nWith their answer the defendants filed a cross bill against Amsterdam, in which they allege that the two \u201cgrand stands\u201d in question are unsafe, and continuing nuisances and menaces to the community, and that they were erected in violation of section 656 of the Municipal Code as there set forth. The bill sets out various ordinances of the city bearing on the subject of dangerous constructions and the power of officers of the city to compel their abatement, and prays that the \u201cgrand stands\u201d erected upon the roofs of said premises at 451 South Wood street and 805 West Taylor street be declared in violation of law and the city ordinances, and that an order be entered on the defendant Amsterdam to remove the said grand stands from the roofs of his said buildings.\nThis cross bill Amsterdam answered formally, praying for strict proof of all its allegations.\nThe cause was heard before a chancellor in the Circuit Court, and much evidence taken concerning the actual condition of the constructions and their safety and the danger incurred by persons occupying them in case of fire in the building beneath; all which is rendered immaterial by the view that we take of the case, and which we need not therefore discuss.\nThe court below entered a somewhat elaborate decree, which found in detail the construction of the \u201cgrand stands\u201d on the two buildings and of the means of access to and egress from them, and then ordered that Amsterdam should not use said tiers of seats known as grand stands' constructed on the roof of his building at 451 South Wood street until he had complied with \u201cthe ordinances of the city of Chicago for buildings known as tenement houses combined with roofs used for spectatorial purposes.\u201d\nIt may be noted in passing that we agree with counsel for appellee that no ordinances properly to be described \u201cas ordinances for buildings known as tenement houses combined with roofs used for spectatorial purposes\u201d are shown by this record to exist.\nThe decree further proceeded to order that Amsterdam should be permitted to use the grand stand erected upon the roof of the building known as 805 West Taylor street for spectatorial purposes when he should have made various changes and additions in construction on the roof and on the grand stand itself and in his building proper, and in the language of the decree \u201cshould have complied with the ordinances of the city of Chicago governing the use of tenement buildings combined with a roof used for spectatorial purposes under section 722 of the Revised Municipal Code of Chicago of 1905.\u201d The decree proceeds: \u201cAs soon as he shall have complied with said provisions, complainant in the bill shall be permitted to use said roof on said building at 805 West Taylor street, together with the grand stand erected thereon for spectatorial purposes for the viewing of said base ball games.\u201d\nThe defendants to the original bill and cross complainants appealed from this decree.\nThe reference of the decree to \u201cthe ordinances for buildings known as tenement houses combined with roofs used for spectatorial purposes,\u201d and the practical identification of such supposed ordinances with section 722 of the Revised Municipal Code of 1905, makes desirable the recital herein of that section, the relation of which to section 656, heretofore quoted, is the turning point of this case as we view it.\nSection 722 is as follows:\n\u201cIt shall be unlawful for any person, whether owner, lessee, manager or person in control or having charge of any building within the City to permit the use of the roof of any house or building, 'whether free of charge or through admission fee to any person, as a place of observation or for spectatorial purposes unless he has first obtained from the commissioner of buildings of the City a permit; Provided, however, it shall not be unlawful for any person, whether owner, lessee or the person in control or having charge of such house or building, to permit the roof of any such house or building to be used as a place of observation or for spectatorial purposes for a number of persons not exceeding ten and when no admission fee is charged. \u2019 \u2019\nSection 723, which is also alluded to in the findings of the decree, hereinafter to be mentioned as involved in this litigation, is as follows:\n\u201cBefore issuing the permit as provided for in the foregoing section the Commissioner of Buildings shall make an investigation as to whether such building is safe and secure enough to permit the presence of an estimated number of persons to be permitted on such roof. The Commissioner of Buildings shall see to it that every such roof is surrounded and enclosed with a railing or balustrade of sufficient height and strength to afford adequate protection.\u201d\nThe court below in its decree included among its findings the following:\n\u201cThe court doth further find that defendant to the bill and complainant to the cross bill introduced Section 656 Revised Municipal Code of Chicago of 1905, and doth find that said section 656 of said Revised Municipal Code of Chicago of 1905 is not applicable to this structure, to which findings defendants to the bill of complaint and complainants to the cross bill excepted, and the court doth further find that complainants to the bill and defendants to the cross bill introduced sections 722 and 723 Bevised Municipal Code of Chicago, and the court doth find that said sections 722 and 723 of said Bevised Municipal Code of Chicago of 1905 applied to said building and the grand stand used on the roof thereof for spectatorial purposes, to which finding defendants to the bill and complainants to the cross bill excepted.\u201d\nWe disagree with these findings, and it follows from such disagreement that we think the court below erred as well in the ordering part of its decree.\nIt is found by the court below in its decree, and the finding is acquiesced in by appellee, that the grand stands are within less than sixty feet of another building and are within the fire limits of the city, and that the appellee did not obtain the consent in writing of the owners of a majority of the frontage on both sides of the street on each side of the block or square in which said stands are respectively located.\nIt therefore is plain that if section 656 applies to them both, the grand stands in question are in violation of the ordinance and the appellants should not be enjoined under any condition from enforcing the ordinance.\nThe basis of the argument of appellee and of the finding of the court is the proposition that section 656 of the Code does not apply to grand stands erected on the roofs of brick buildings, \u201cas it is,\u201d counsel says, \u201ca portion of Article 17, which is specifically designated as relating to frame buildings.\u201d The\u00bb stands in question, they say, are part of a brick building.\nAgain it is said that sections 722 and 723 \u201crelate specifically to stands on buildingsand must control the inconsistent provision in relation to such stands in section 656 if that section should otherwise be held to apply.\nBoth these propositions are fallacious.\nTiers of wooden seats rising one above tbe other are \u201cgrand stands\u201d regulated by section 656 of the Code just as much when they are erected on the roof of a brick building as when they are erected on the ground. They are not in the former case \u201cparts of a brick building.\u201d The position of the section in an article headed \u201cFrame Buildings\u201d ha's no bearing on the subject. Such stands are, however, in themselves \u201cframe buildings,\u201d \u201cframe constructions,\u201d and the ordinance about them is properly enough placed in a chapter thus entitled.\nNor is there any inconsistency between section 656 on the one hand and sections 722 and 723 on the other which calls for any reconciliation or which makes 722 and 723 applicable to the grand stands here involved. Those sections instead of \u201cspecifically relating\u201d to stands on buildings, say nothing about stands on buildings. They apply to \u201cthe use of roofs as a place of observation,\u201d whether there are grand stands on them or not; but they leave the matter of erecting and maintaining grand stands on them where it is placed by section 656.\nOur conclusion is, therefore, that this decree should be reversed and the cause remanded with instructions to the court below to dismiss the bill of the complainant, and inasmuch as the complainant chose the equity forum in which to assert his supposed rights and litigate the entire question, to grant the relief prayed by the appellants in their cross bill. Had their bill been an original one there might have been doubt of the jurisdiction of the court to make such a decree as is therein prayed for. The chancellor, however, in his decree made a finding which is not questioned, that the grand stand on the Wood street house was a continuing nuisance as then used, and that the grand stand on the Taylor street house needed changes to make it safe for the purposes for which it was used, which must be considered as tantamount to the same finding in relation to it. As the stands cannot be made legal or in compliance with the ordinances by any changes, we think the court should order their removal as continuing nuisances in accordance with the prayer of the cross bill.\nReversed and remanded with instructions.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Mr. Justice 'Brown"
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Edward J. Brundage, for appellants; William S. Stahl, of counsel.",
      "Adler, Lederer & Schoenbrun, for appellee."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "Philip Amsterdam, Appellee, v. City of Chicago et al., Appellants.\nGen. No. 15,559.\nNuisances\u2014power of court to remove. If an injunction be prayed for to prevent a municipality from interfering with the use of grand stands located upon tops of buildings for the purpose of enabling ball games to be witnessed, the court may upon finding that such grand stands did not meet the requirements of the city ordinances and constitute nuisances, grant the relief prayed for by a cross-bill and order the removal thereof.\nBill in chancery. Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook county; the Hon. Oscar E. Heard, Judge, presiding. Heard in this court at the March term, 1909.\nReversed and remanded with instructions.\nOpinion filed March 16, 1911.\nEdward J. Brundage, for appellants; William S. Stahl, of counsel.\nAdler, Lederer & Schoenbrun, for appellee."
  },
  "file_name": "0106-01",
  "first_page_order": 124,
  "last_page_order": 132
}