{
  "id": 3093666,
  "name": "The People of the State of Illinois, Defendant in Error, v. James Lawrence, Plaintiff in Error",
  "name_abbreviation": "People v. Lawrence",
  "decision_date": "1924-03-10",
  "docket_number": "Gen. No. 28,709",
  "first_page": "341",
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T16:26:39.446048+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "The People of the State of Illinois, Defendant in Error, v. James Lawrence, Plaintiff in Error."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Mr. Presiding Justice Matchett\ndelivered the opinion of the court.\nThe plaintiff in error was indicted under two counts, the first of which charged that on April 25, 1923, in Cook County, Illinois, he kept, operated, owned and used a certain slot machine on which money was staked, bet, hazarded, won and lost, contrary to the statute, etc. The second count charged the keeping of the machine for gambling purposes at the same time and further that, prior thereto, in September, 1922, plaintiff in error had been indicted by the grand jury of Cook county for the same offense and that, at the December term of the criminal court of Cook county, he had been convicted of said offense and fined.\nThe defendant entered a plea of not guilty to the indictment, the jury was waived, and the cause submitted for trial to the court upon the said plea.\nThe record recites that: \u201cThe court hearing testimony of witnesses and arguments of counsel, and being fully advised in tbe premises, doth find said defendant guilty.\u201d On tbe same day tbe record recites: \u201cAnd now neither the said defendant nor his counsel for him saying anything further why the judgment of court should not be pronounced against him on the finding of guilty heretofore rendered on the indictment in the case. * * *\n\u201cTherefore, it is considered, ordered and adjudged by the court that the said defendant, James Lawrence, is guilty of the crime of keeping a slot machine whereof he stands convicted, and that he is hereby sentenced to confinement at labor in the House of Correction of the City of Chicago in the County of Cook, State of Illinois, for said crime of keeping a slot machine whereof he stands convicted and adjudged guilty for the term of one year. It is further considered, ordered and adjudged by the court that the said defendant, James Lawrence, be fined in the sum of $500.\u201d\nThe statute under which plaintiff in error was prosecuted will be found in paragraph 137 f, sec. 1, ch. 38, Hurd\u2019s Rev. St. 1919 [Cahill\u2019s Ill. St. ch. 38, [[ 321]. It provides that for the first offense, one convicted shall be fined not less than $100, and for a second offense, a fine of not less than $500 and imprisonment for not less than six months with a still heavier penalty in case of a third conviction. It is urged by plaintiff in error that the judgment is fatally defective for the reason that it fails to recite that the crime of which plaintiff in error was found guilty was that of keeping a slot machine \u201cfor gambling purposes.\u201d The judgment, however, recites that plaintiff in error is guilty of the crime \u201cwhereof he stands convicted\u201d and adjudged guilty, and it was unnecessary that it should be further described in the judgment. Hawkins v. State, 9 Ala. 143; Franz v. State, 12 Wis. 597.\nThe principal contention of plaintiff in error is that the finding upon which the judgment was entered was insufficient to support the jail sentence imposed upon the defendant.\nPlaintiff in error says that it was as indispensable that the prosecution should prove the former conviction of the defendant as it was to prove the subsequent offense, that the allegation of the former conviction in the indictment is an essential allegation as to the graver offense and must be established by proof, the same as any other necessary allegation. Plence, he contends that in such case it would be necessary for a jury to find in its verdict the fact that the defendant had been guilty of a similar previous offense, and that it was therefore necessary for the court to so specifically find. Such is not the general rule in this State. On the contrary, it has been held that where there are different counts in an indictment, a general finding of guilty without specifying the particular offense or the particular offense as described in any particular count is sufficient. As was said in Armstrong v. People, 37 Ill. 459: \u201cIt is no matter how many counts an indictment may contain, a general verdict of guilty is a finding upon all of them,\u201d and in the later case of People v. Lee, 237 Ill. 272, the Supreme Court said: \u201cIf the verdict had been simply, \u2018We, the jury, find the defendants guilty,\u2019 without specifying what the defendants were found guilty of, under the authority of Armstrong v. People, 37 Ill. 459, and Davis v. People, 50 Ill. 199, it would be sufficient.\u201d See also, People v. Smith, 239 Ill. 91, 107, and People v. Fitzgerald, 297 Ill. 267.\nHerndon v. Commonwealth, 105 Ky. 197, is a case which seems to hold directly against the contention of plaintiff in error. In that case, the court sustained a sentence of life imprisonment for a third offense under a statute which provided for such punishment, where the verdict of the jury was: \u201cWe, the jury, find the defendants * * * guilty as charged in the indictment and fix his punishment at confinement in the penitentiary for life. \u2019 \u2019 Plaintiff in error, however, relies upon People v. Ellison, 185 Ill. App. 287, and People v. Tuhl, 211 Ill. App. 378. These cases follow the undoubted rule in this State that, upon a trial for larceny, the finding or the verdict must state the value of the property which is the subject of the larceny. That rule follows of necessity from the fact that the value of the property taken in such case is an essential element of the crime as defined, and, therefore, without a finding as to the value of the property taken, it is impossible to know what the particular offense is.\nIn the crime which is here defined by the statute the prior offense is not a necessary element in the definition of the crime, but only a fact in aggravation of it for which, in case it is shown to exist, the law prescribes a more severe punishment. This case is before us on the common-law record only and, since no bill of exceptions was preserved, it is only fair to assume that the evidence warranted the conviction and that the aggravation of the offense demanding the severer punishment was also proved beyond a reasonable doubt.\nFor the reasons indicated the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.\nAffirmed.\nMcSurely and Johnston, JJ., concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Mr. Presiding Justice Matchett"
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Michael Costabile and Thomas E. Swanson, for plaintiff in error.",
      "Robert E. Crowe, State\u2019s Attorney, Edward E. Wilson and Clyde C. Fisher, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, for defendant in error."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "The People of the State of Illinois, Defendant in Error, v. James Lawrence, Plaintiff in Error.\nGen. No. 28,709.\n1. Criminal procedure \u2014 sufficiency of finding of guilty without description of offense. A judgment in a prosecution for keeping a slot machine is sufficient without a specific recital therein that the defendant was found guilty of keeping such machine \u201cfor gambling purposes\u201d where it recites that plaintiff is guilty of the crime \u201cwhereof he stands convicted\u201d and is adjudged guilty.\n2. Betting and gaming \u2014 sufficiency of finding of guilty of second offense. In a prosecution for the offense of keeping a slot machine for gambling purposes, under an indictment charging a second offense, a finding by the court, a jury having been waived, that defendant is guilty of the crime whereof he stands convicted is sufficient without a specific statement as to a second offense to support the sentence imposed as for a second conviction.\n3. Betting and gaming \u2014 prior conviction as element of offense under indictment charging second offense. In a prosecution for keeping a slot machine for gambling purposes, under Cahill\u2019s 111. St. ch. 38, IT 321, providing for increased punishment for the second offense of keeping a slot machine for gambling purposes, the fact of a prior conviction is not a necessary element of the crime which requires a finding of such fact in the verdict or judgment of the court hut is only matter in aggravation for which a more severe punishment is prescribed.\n4. Criminal procedure \u2014 presumption in error on common-law record only. On error taken up on the common-law record only without any bill of exceptions, the Appellate Court will presume that the evidence warranted the conviction and that matter in aggravation of the offense calling for a more severe punishment prescribed by the statute in case of such aggravation was also proven beyond a reasonable doubt.\nError by defendant to the Criminal Court of Cook county; the Hon. Michael L. McKinley, Judge, presiding. Heard in the first division of this court for the first district at the October term, 1923.\nAffirmed.\nOpinion filed March 10, 1924.\nRehearing denied and opinion modified March 24, 1924.\nMichael Costabile and Thomas E. Swanson, for plaintiff in error.\nRobert E. Crowe, State\u2019s Attorney, Edward E. Wilson and Clyde C. Fisher, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, for defendant in error."
  },
  "file_name": "0341-01",
  "first_page_order": 369,
  "last_page_order": 373
}