{ "id": 3102515, "name": "Alexander Hamilton Institute, Appellant, v. Irving Howard Jones, Appellee", "name_abbreviation": "Alexander Hamilton Institute v. Jones", "decision_date": "1924-10-20", "docket_number": "Gen. No. 29,260", "first_page": "444", "last_page": "448", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "234 Ill. App. 444" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "132 N. Y. S. 807", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.S.", "case_ids": [ 3426831 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nys/132/0807-01" ] }, { "cite": "75 Misc. 130", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Misc.", "case_ids": [ 450141 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/misc/75/0130-01" ] }, { "cite": "132 N. Y. S. 806", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.S.", "case_ids": [ 3427095 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nys/132/0806-01" ] }, { "cite": "75 Misc. 129", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Misc.", "case_ids": [ 450215 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/misc/75/0129-01" ] }, { "cite": "158 N. Y. S. 160", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.S.", "case_ids": [ 3164643 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nys/158/0160-01" ] }, { "cite": "94 Misc. 299", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Misc.", "case_ids": [ 1891295 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/misc/94/0299-01" ] }, { "cite": "126 N. Y. S. 150", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.S.", "case_ids": [ 3300173 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nys/126/0150-01" ] }, { "cite": "69 Misc. 627", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Misc.", "case_ids": [ 448250 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/misc/69/0627-01" ] }, { "cite": "83 N. Y. Supp. 1045", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.S.", "case_ids": [ 7707895 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nys/83/1045-01" ] }, { "cite": "87 App. Div. 8", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "A.D.", "case_ids": [ 5065649 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ad/87/0008-01" ] }, { "cite": "43 Minn. 11", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Minn.", "case_ids": [ 552790 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/minn/43/0011-01" ] }, { "cite": "98 Miss. 746", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Miss.", "case_ids": [ 1508046 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/miss/98/0746-01" ] }, { "cite": "204 Mass. 362", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Mass.", "case_ids": [ 5679418 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/mass/204/0362-01" ] }, { "cite": "79 Ga. 658", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ga.", "case_ids": [ 63804 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ga/79/0658-01" ] }, { "cite": "129 Ill. 101", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2964620 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/129/0101-01" ] }, { "cite": "157 Ill. 339", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 3141417 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/157/0339-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 495, "char_count": 7442, "ocr_confidence": 0.542, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.199020790294e-07, "percentile": 0.59320408255462 }, "sha256": "d16f28c84e779fb019c57ae1ab1da1c8f14a6ff414b30b5ecbe42b7ce18d29fc", "simhash": "1:9dc4c4d8fc59eb2c", "word_count": 1250 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T15:35:37.619675+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "Alexander Hamilton Institute, Appellant, v. Irving Howard Jones, Appellee." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Mr. Presiding Justice McSurelt\ndelivered the opinion of the court.\nThis is an appeal by plaintiff from a judgment of nil capiat entered on a finding by the court in a suit on an alleged contract signed by defendant. Plaintiff is a corporation giving instruction in business courses and service, with its office in New York City. It claims that the defendant signed an \u20181 enrollment\u201d for a course in service, agreeing to pay therefor $10 monthly until $120 was paid. Ten dollars was paid by defendant and no more, and plaintiff brought this suit to recover the balance of $110 with interest. The \u25a0writing on which plaintiff bases this claim is, in the important particulars, as follows:\n\u201cPlease enroll me for your Modern Business Course and Service, extending over a period of two years from the date of enrollment and including:\n\u201cModern Business Text \u2014 twenty-four bound volumes, containing a digest of present day business principles and practice \u2014 forwarded immediately express paid.\n\u201cModern Business Talks \u2014 directing reading of text \u2014one every two weeks.\n\u201cModern Business Lectures \u2014 the experience of prominent business men \u2014 one every month.\n\u201cModern Business Problems \u2014 Actual business problems, solutions to which will be reviewed \u2014 one every month.\n\u201cModem Business Service \u2014 Answers to all inquiries in connection with the course; four Modem Business Reports and Letters on Business Conditions \u2014one every month.\n\u201cIn consideration of my enrollment for the above course and service, I agree to pay to your order the sum of $120, $10 monthly.\nSignature, Irving Howard Jones.\n\u201cBusiness position, sales manager with Illinois Motor Inc.\n\u201cBusiness address, 2530 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill.\n\u201cResidence, 6447 Ellis Avenue.\n\u2018 \u2018 Send course to residence. Date October 16, 1917.\n\u201cApplication with payment of $10, received by S. D. Camper, representative.\n\u201cNote \u2014 All payments (except first, which should be made to representative at time of giving application) are to be sent by mail to the order of Alexander Hamilton Institute. Should any part of the balance remain due and unpaid for sixty days the entire balance becomes immediately due and payable. This contract is not subject to revocation; no reduction or allowance will be made on account of refusal or inability to enter upon or continue the course; no modifications or conditions, except as herein expressed in writing, will be recognized. The retention of this application by the institute denotes its acceptance.\u201d\nOctober 19, 1917, the twenty-four bound volumes mentioned in this enrolment were shipped to defendant. December 12, 1917, defendant wrote to plaintiff, saying that because he had lost his business position it would be impossible for him to continue payments on the course and asked for advices concerning the disposition of the books. A number of letters followed between the parties, which produced no definite understanding, and subsequently defendant returned the books to plaintiff.\nOn the face of the paper it is merely an offer by defendant and not enforceable until accepted by plaintiff so as to bind it to perform. It is what is sometimes called a unilateral contract void for want of mutuality. Vogel v. Pekoc, 157 Ill. 339. This seems to be conceded by plaintiff, but it is urged that part performance by the offeree, the plaintiff here, makes it a binding contract upon both parties. This is a broad statement of the rule. In writings of this sort the offeree may be bound in either of three ways: (1) by the offeree engaging, within a reasonable time, to perform the contract; (2) \u201cby beginning such performance in a way which would bind him to complete it; and (3) by actual performance.\u201d Plumb v. Campbell, 129 Ill. 101.\nThe question then is, did plaintiff, by shipping the books to defendant, which was the first of a series of things to be performed by it, begin such performance in a way which would bind it to complete the contract?\nThe question involved is not free from difficulty. It has been the subject of discussion by text-writers and there is no uniformity of opinion in the decided cases. The right of the offerer to revoke his offer, even after part performance by the offeree, has the support of a considerable number of cases. Biggers v. Owen, 79 Ga. 658; Lascelles v. Clark, 204 Mass. 362; Smith v. Cauthen, 98 Miss. 746; Stensgaard v. Smith, 43 Minn. 11; Cook v. Casler, 87 App. Div. 8, 83 N. Y. Supp. 1045; White v. Allen Kingston Motor Car Co., 69 Misc. 627, 126 N. Y. S. 150; Butchers\u2019 Advocate Co. v. Berkof, 94 Misc. 299, 158 N. Y. S. 160; North Side News Co. v. Cypres, 75 Misc. 129, 132 N. Y. S. 806; Post v. Albert Frank & Co., 75 Misc. 130, 132 N. Y. S. 807. Williston in his work on Contracts says that in the eases where the offerer has been held bound it is not clear upon what theory this conclusion was reached. Vol. 1, p. 104. Quoting from Williston on Contracts, vol. 1, p. 100, sec. 60:\n\u201cIt seems impossible on theory successfully to question the power of one who offers to enter into a unilateral contract to withdraw his offer at any time until performance has been completed by the offeree, though obvious injustice may arise in such a case. * ' * * After the offeree has begun to perform under such an offer he may unquestionably stop performance halfway if he concludes that after all he does not care to enter into the contract, and if the offerer also may not revoke at that time he is bound by a promise for which he has not received, and may never receive, the consideration requested, since the whole transaction is still optional with the offeree.\u201d\nThis seems in accord with justice.\nWe are of the opinion that this writing was an offer by defendant to make periodical payments in consideration of a series of acts to be done by the plaintiff from time to time, and that an offer of this divisible character may be revoked not only before any acceptance but also as to any portion of the offer still unaccepted. Defendant here within a reasonable time gave notice of his revocation of the writing and returned the books. The writing never ripened into a mutual contract binding upon both parties, therefore plaintiff could not maintain an action thereon, and the conclusion of the court finding the issues against plaintiff was right and the judgment thereon is affirmed.\nAffirmed.\nHatchett and Johnston, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "Mr. Presiding Justice McSurelt" } ], "attorneys": [ "Thomas J. Young, for appellant.", "Clarence A. Samuel, for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "Alexander Hamilton Institute, Appellant, v. Irving Howard Jones, Appellee.\nGen. No. 29,260.\nContracts \u2014 when writing is mere offer revocable after part performance by other party. A writing in which defendant requested plaintiff to enroll him for a certain course in plaintiff\u2019s correspondence school, defendant to receive certain books, and instructions over a period of two years, for which he was to pay $120 in monthly instalments of $10, was a mere offer which defendant could revoke as to any portion remaining unaccepted, and where defendant within a reasonable time gave notice of his revocation and returned the books which he had received, the writing did not ripen into a mutual contract and plaintiff could not maintain an action thereon.\nAppeal by plaintiff from the Municipal Court of Chicago; the Hon. William R. Fetzer, Judge, presiding. Heard in the first division of this court for the first district at the March term, 1924.\nAffirmed.\nOpinion filed October 20, 1924.\nRehearing denied November 3, 1924.\nThomas J. Young, for appellant.\nClarence A. Samuel, for appellee." }, "file_name": "0444-01", "first_page_order": 474, "last_page_order": 478 }