{
  "id": 4971002,
  "name": "Edward Handy v. The People of The State of Illinois",
  "name_abbreviation": "Handy v. People",
  "decision_date": "1888-05-29",
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    "parties": [
      "Edward Handy v. The People of The State of Illinois."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Cosgeb, P. J.\nThis is an appeal from a judgment of the Circuit Court of Scott county, Illinois, in which the people recovered judgment of ouster and a fine- of \u00a7100 and costs against the appellant, upon an information in the nature of a quo warranto, charging the appellant with usurping and unlawfully exercising the franchise, privilege and license to keep a dram-shop within the incorporated limits of the village of Bluffs, in the county of Scott and State of Illinois.\nThe cause was heard and determined by the court below, and judgment rendered upon the following stipulated and agreed state of facts, viz.: 66 That no plea or answer need be\nfiled to counts two and three of the information (a demurrer having been sustained to the first count), and\n\u201cL It is admitted that the village of Bluffs was and is incorporated under the general law, as charged in counts two and three of the information.\n\u201c2. That the \u00a1resident and trustees of said village did issue a license to the defendant, Edward Handy, as charged in said counts.\n\u201c 3. That before said license was issued the sai_d Handy executed his bond to the people of the State of Illinois, in the penal sum of \u00a73,000, with four good and sufficient sureties, freeholders of said Scott county, dated June 20, 1887, which was filed with the village clerk and approved by said village of Bluffs, and was conditioned as provided by Sec. 5 of the dram-shop act.\n\u201c4. That the record of said village of Bluffs, showing the action of said president and board of trustees of said village, of date May 16, 1887, is as follows: A motion made and carried that the petition and bond of Edward Handy for dram-shop license be received and accepted, and clerk to issue license, money to be paid in advance, no note and security be taken; so instructed by the board of trustees and president; his security and bondsmen being the following named persons: John Torrance, John Tieman, John E. Bagby and Herman Vanneer.\n\u201c 5. That the license so issued by said village of Bluffs, and the indorsements thereon, are in the words and figures following, to wit:\n\u201cBluffs, June 20, 1887.\n\u201c Granted to Edward Handy, dram-shop license for ten months, from June 20, 1887, till April 20, 1888, and said license payable three months in advance. Eeceived of Edward Handy the sum of one hundred and twenty-five dollars ($125) for the first quarter, commencing June 20, 1887, and ending September 20, 1887; second quarter due September 20,1887; third quarter due December 20, 1887, being four months till April 20, A. D. 1888.\n\u201c H. A. Bruno,\nVillage Olerlc.\n\u201c Corporate seal of the Village of Bluffs.\n\u201cAugust the 6th, 1887.\n\u201cEeceived of Edward Handy one hundred and twenty-five dollars ($125) for second quarter, commencing September 20, 1887, and ending December 20, 1887.\n\u201c 6. That the sum of $125 was paid by defendant for said license on the day it was issued, and accepted by said village, and three months thereafter, without any further order or action of said board of village trustees, the defendant paid $125 to the village clerk, who receipted him therefor and paid the same over to the village treasurer; but afterward the village board, to wit, on the 22d day of September, 1887, caused the same to be tendered back to the defendant, who refused to receive it and has not yet received it. That no order revoking said license has been made by said village board-That said defendant has kept a dram-shop within the corporate limits of said village, and therein has sold all kinds of intoxicating liquors at retail in less quantities than one gallon, from the date of said license doxvn to and including the day on which this proceeding xvas begun, and claimed the right so to do under the license aforesaid and none other, and now claims said license is a valid license to keep a dram-shop as aforesaid. That the bond so made by said Handy has not been surrendered or tendered back to him.\n\u201c 7. That the village had, before May 16, 1887, exercised the powers conferred on it by law, and passed an ordinance allowing dram-shops in said village, which was then, and continued to be, and is now in force. The sum to be paid for license therefor, in advance, to be \u00a7500, at the rate of \u00a7500 per annum.\n66 8. That the defendant reserves the right, as he did on demurrer, to question the right to pursue this remedy against him, claiming that quo warranto does not lie.\u201d\nThe errors assigned upon the record are:\n1. The court below erred in granting leave to amend the information.\n2. The court erred in imposing a fine on' defendant.\n3. The court erred in rendering the judgment of ouster.\nThe first error is not well assigned. Sec. 9 of Chap. 7, R, S.; Hinze v. The People, 92 Ill. 414.\nThe fine of one dollar which was imposed upon the defendant by the trial court has been in this court remitted, which disposes of the second assignment of error.\nThe real question in the case is the proper construction of See. 1 of the act approved June 15, 1883, Sess. Laxvs, page 92, the language of which, so far as necessary to notice, is as follows : \u201c That hereafter it shall not be laxvful for * * * any village in this State to grant a license for the keeping of a dram-shop, except upon the payment, in advance, into the treasury of the village * * such suin as may be determined by the authorities of such * * * village, not less than at the rate of five hundred dollars per year.\u201d Session Laws 1883, p. 92.\nThis language, xve think, can admit of but one construction, and that is, the proper authorities can not issue a valid license to keep a dram-shop unless the amount to be paid therefor be paid in advance for the entire period covered by the license, not less than at the rate of five hundred dollars per year.\nThe minimum rate per annum is fixed, and whether the license issue for a year or any shorter period, the amount required to be paid for such term as is covered by the license must all be paid in advance. If it may be in installments of three months, with equal propriety it could be divided into weekly or even daily payments, and thereby entirely defeat the object of the law, which was to require the license money to be paid in advance for and during the life of the license.\nIt is also urged that an information in the nature of a quo warranto will not lie in a case like the present. This objection is not well taken. See Swarth v. The People, 109 Ill. 621.\nThe judgment of the Circuit Court will be affirmed.\nJudgment affirmed.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Cosgeb, P. J."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Messrs. Oscab A. DeLevw and James Cai/laits, for appellant.",
      "Mr. J. M. Bciggs and Mr. Thomas H. Devise, State\u2019s Attorney, for appellee."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "Edward Handy v. The People of The State of Illinois.\nDram Shops \u2014 License \u2014 Payment \u201c in Advance\u201d \u2014 Quo Warranto \u2014 Amendment of Information\u2014Statutes\u2014Remittitur.\n1. Under the act of 1883, a valid license to keep a dram-shop can not be issued unless the amount payable therefor be paid in advance for the entire period covered by the license.\n2. An information in the nature of a quo warranto lies to question the right of a dram-shop keeper to exercise the franchises, privilege and license to keep a dram-shop under a license unlawfully issued.\n3. Such an information may he amended. \u25a0\n[Opinion filed May 29, 1888.]\nAppeal from the Circuit Court of Sc.ott County; the Hoa. George W. Herdman, Judge, presiding.\nMessrs. Oscab A. DeLevw and James Cai/laits, for appellant.\nWhat is meant by the words \u201c not less than at the rate of \u00a7500 per annum?\u201d Webster\u2019s definition of the word \u201crate\u201d is \u201c the proportion or standard by which quantity or value is adjusted\u201d\u2014\u201c Degree in which anything is done \u201d\u2014\u201c .Degree of value, price.\u201d The word \u201cratably\u201d he defines \u201cby rate or proportion\u2014proportionally.\u201d We contend that these words are so used in order to enable the municipal authorities to control the divisions of time wdien payment in advance for such license must be made, but that in the exercise of such power they are limited to the amount of not less than \u00a7500 per annum. In Dennehy v. City of Chicago, 120 Ill. 634, 635; the court say, after reciting the clause of the act of 1883, just quoted, \u201c This proviso * * * simply affects the manner and condition of its exercise, and was manifestly designed only to produce uniformity as to the mode of granting licenses and the terms upon which they shall be granted to the extent that the general law assumes to establish uniformity in those respects.\u201d Again, contemporaneous construction of this stat\" ute by the local municipal authorities, sustains the reasoning here made. If the construction claimed by the people should be the true one, it would revolutionize the uniform system of ' all the local municipal authorities in this State in exacting the license fee by fractions in advance. The general law of this State delegates the whole subject and question of licensing, regulating and prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors to the cities, towns and villages, provided, that in granting licenses, such corporate authorities shall comply with whatever general law of the State may be in force relative to the granting of licenses. See Sec. 46 of the general incorporation act. And it is needless to quote or multiply authorities showing that the Supreme Court has liberally construed this clause of the general law.\nIt is admitted by this record that Handy paid his money for his second quarter\u2019s license, and, although the village authorities tendered him back his said \u00a7125 for the second quarter\u2019s license, in controversy, yet they at no time revoked his license. It may be that the village authorities are vested with the power to revoke these licenses, but it has not been done in this case, and this is expressly made necessary before he can be proceeded against. Martel v. East St. Louis, 94 Ill. 67; Baldwin v. Smith, 82 Ill. 162.\nAgain, the court granted leave to amend this information. This, we claim, is error. We are aware of the case of Hinze in 92 Ill. 406, and also in the Shufeldt case, 93 Ill. 597, but we do not think the statute of amendments and jeofails was there brought to the attention of the court, section 11 of which expressly provides that no part of the act should apply to in-formations, upon any popular or penal statute. This is clearly a penal statute, because in addition to the judgment of ouster a fine is imposed. People v. Waite, 70 Ill. 25; Commonwealth v. Chuly, 56 Pa. St. 270; Rex v. Parry, 6 Ad. & Ellis 810; Brightly\u2019s Leading Election Cases, p. 144; People v. Moore, 73 Ill. 132; People v. North C. Ry. Co., 88 Ill. 537; Dillon\u2019s Mun. Corp., Vol. 2, Sec. 722; High\u2019s Ex. Rem., Sec. 628; State v. Mead, 56 Vt. Rep. 353.\nMr. J. M. Bciggs and Mr. Thomas H. Devise, State\u2019s Attorney, for appellee.\nThe fee should have been paid in advance for the whole time, and not having been so paid, the alleged license was a nullity. Munsell v. Temple, 3 Gilm. 95; Lombard v. Cheever, 3 Gilm. 472; Spake v. The People, 89 Ill. 621.\nThe third count in the information was framed to meet the theory that the license fee having been paid three months in advance at the time the license was issued, the defendant was entitled to the privilege of keeping a dram-shop for that period of time. We do not agree to that theory, but even if its soundness be conceded, at the end of that time the license ceased to have validity, because after it was issued, as is conceded by the stipulation, the- president and trustees of the village took no further steps in regard to the matter, and wdthout official action on their part, the clerk or treasurer, or both together, could not do anything which would operate as an extension of appellant\u2019s privilege, or be equivalent to a renewal thereof. Under a provision in a special city charter, similar to the clause of the cities and villages act, relative to intoxicating liquors, the Supreme Court have decided that only the city council can determine the issuing of liquor licenses, and that the issuing thereof can not be delegated to the clerk or treasurer. East St. Louis v. Wehrung, 50 Ill. 31; Bibel v. People, 67 Ill. 175; Kinmundy v. Mahan, 72 Ill. 464.\nCounsel for appellant say the general law of this State delegates the whole power of licensing, regulating and prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors to cities, towns and villages. And so we say; but in exercising the delegated power they must regard the positive limitations imposed by the Legislature, and as between the people and appellant the village authorities had no more power to waive payment in advance than they had to waive the statutory bond required by the dram-shop act; and it is well settled that they can not waive that bond, and a license issued without requiring a bond to be first executed as provided by statute is void from the beginning. The State v. Henshall, 5 Chicago Legal News, 566, 567; Lombard v. Cheever, 3 Gilm. 472, 473.\nThe Henshall case, just cited, was decided by the Supreme Court of Wisconsin upon a statute substantially like ours in its provisions relative to giving bond. However, it might be in a controversy between the village and appellant, if they should knowingly issue a license to him and take his money therefor without first requiring a proper statutory bond, as between him and the people, such license would be void db initio, and being thus void no order of revocation is neces-arv; and the cases of Martel v. East St. Louis, 94 Ill. 67, and Baldwin v. Smith, 82 Ill. 162, cited by appellant\u2019s counsel, are not pertinent. The licenses in those cases were not void from the beginning\u2014on the contrary they were held to be valid.\nCounsel say he is protected from criminal prosecution in this case, under the circumstances, even if no formal license had issued; and to this point they cite Prather v. People, 85 Ill. 36. That case has no application here. It is not a criminal prosecution to impose a penalty for unlawfully selling intoxicating liquors. There is no question of criminal intent involved in the case at bar. It is a civil proceeding instituted for the sole purpose of ascertaining whether appellant\u2019s alleged license is valid. That it is a civil proceeding, although the information is criminal in form, is decided in Ensminger v. People, 47 Ill. 387, which, so far as we know, is the latest expression of our Supreme Court on that point. The Legislature has designated it a civil proceeding in the 7th section of the chapter on quo warranto."
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