{
  "id": 3149651,
  "name": "Frank A. Stateman, Appellee, v. Travelers Casualty Insurance Company, Appellant",
  "name_abbreviation": "Stateman v. Travelers Casualty Insurance",
  "decision_date": "1938-06-13",
  "docket_number": "Gen. No. 40,071",
  "first_page": "5",
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T20:49:50.507998+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "Frank A. Stateman, Appellee, v. Travelers Casualty Insurance Company, Appellant."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Mr. Presiding Justice O\u2019Connor\ndelivered the opinion of the court.\nPlaintiff brought an action on a policy of insurance issued to him by defendant to recover $80 \u2014 $20 a week for four weeks \u2014 claiming he had been permanently disabled by an accidental injury suffered while the policy was in effect. The case was tried before the court without a jury, there was a finding and judgment in plaintiff\u2019s favor for the amount of his claim, and defendant appeals.\nThe record discloses that October 9, 1936, while the policy was in force and effect, plaintiff suffered an accident in which his right leg was injured, and as a result of the injury he was totally disabled from October 30,1936, to December 24, 1936. Plaintiff\u2019s leg was put in a cast on October 27, and the cast was not removed until December 10, during all of which time he was actually and continuously confined to his home.\nPlaintiff has not appeared in this court, apparently because of the expense and the small amount involved.\nDefendant contends that the judgment should be reversed because \u201cThe material misrepresentations . . . as to a previous infirmity of varicose veins and which was by him denied in his application for an insurance policy with the defendant is such a material misrepresentation as to void the policy. At the trial of the cause it was stipulated and agreed between the parties that plaintiff had been suffering from varicose veins prior to his application for insurance with defendant. \u2019 \u2019 In his application plaintiff agreed \u201cto pay a policy fee of $5 and $1 per month thereafter.\u201d The application contained the following question and answer: \u2018112. Have you ever had paralysis, fits of any kind, or brain disorder, diabetes, hernia, varicose veins, or any bodily or mental infirmity, injuries or wounds, or suffered the loss of a limb or eye? No.\u201d\nPlaintiff, 53 years old, was a truck driver for Swift & Co., for 32 years. The application was not signed by the applicant, but his name was signed by his wife. He was injured \u201cGetting on truck when bumped leg against running board\u201d; he was treated by Dr. Schallenberger, physician for Swift & Co.\nWe think the question whether plaintiff made a false answer as to his health was not presented to the trial court for decision. The record discloses that when counsel were stipulating the facts and introducing the policy and other documents in evidence, counsel for plaintiff said defendant contended \u201cthat on that one question and answer in the application the man said he did not have varicose veins and now they contend that he did have, and we admit he did have. He didn\u2019t sign the application. Therefore, it is binding on the company.\u201d Counsel for defendant replied, \u201cThe real contention in this matter I believe is overlooked by counsel for the plaintiff. You will notice that the policy attempts to define what shall constitute disability as to allow him to recover.\u201d He then read from a provision of the policy, which will be hereinafter referred to, which he contended provides that total disability must immediately follow the injury; and the latter point was the one defense made. But even if we assume that the point was properly saved, we think defendant\u2019s contention cannot be sustained for the reason that plaintiff did not sign the application. It was signed by his wife, and defendant saw fit to issue the policy and collect the premium without further information. Furthermore, there was no evidence that the varicose veins in any manner caused plaintiff to be totally disabled, as counsel for defendant contends. He bases his contention on the sworn statement made by the attending physician, Dr. Schallenberger in the blank of defendant Insurance Company submitted to him, in which he answered questions as to' his treatment of plaintiff and what he found.\nThe question and answer relied upon are as follows: \u201cIs the claimant now, or has he ever been affected by, or subject to any previous injury, or any constitutional or local disease, deformity, infirmity or weakness, either acute or chronic? If so, to what extent did the same contribute to cause the accident or prolong or increase the disablement? Varicose veins in legs.\u201d Counsel argues that this answer, made by the physician, \u201cis a direct admission that the disability occasioned by the plaintiff was not independent and exclusive of all other causes.\u201d A reading of the question and the answer made by the doctor, which we have quoted, shows that the answer is no answer at all. Two questions are included in question 20. One is, \u201chas the applicant ever been affected or was he now affected by any previous injury or any constitutional or local disease,\u201d etc.; the other is, \u201cif so, to what extent did such injury or disease contribute to the accident?\u201d The one answer was, \u201cVaricose veins in legs,\u201d which did not answer the questions at all. The alleged question 20 is so complicated that it could not be answered by any physician in the space of one line, provided for the purpose. Defendant having prepared the blank is in no position to urge the point made.\nBut defendant\u2019s contention, as made on the trial, was that no recovery could be had because plaintiff was injured October 9, but did not become totally disabled until October 30, the policy providing that no recovery can be had unless plaintiff was totally disabled at the time of the injury.\nSection 1 of the policy for \u201cspecific losses\u201d provides: \u201cIf the Insured shall, through violent, external and accidental means, sustain bodily injuries as described in the Insuring Clause, which shall, independently and exclusively of sickness and all other causes, immediately, continuously and wholly disable the Insured from the date of the accident and result in any of the following specific losses within thirty days, the Company will pay, in lieu of all indemnity:\u201d then follow the amounts to be paid for loss of life, both eyes, etc.\nSection 3 provides, \u201cIf the Insured shall through violent, external and accidental means, independently and exclusively of all other causes, not sustain any specific losses as provided in Sections One and Two but shall become totally disabled and shall be actually, necessarily and continuously confined for not less than two successive weeks in the necessary charge of a legaily licensed physician who shall professionally attend the Insured at least once each seven days, the Company will pay indemnity at the rate of Twenty Dollars ($20.00) per week, beginning the eighth day after the commencement of such total disability and a like sum for each successive week during the continuance of such total disability.\u201d Then follows sec. 4, where provision is made for \u201cConfining Sickness Indemnity.\u201d Following sec. 4 is the provision upon which defendant relies to relieve it of liability,- \u2014 - 61 Provided, however, that the only evidence of such total disability of the continuance thereof admissible in any action against the Company at law or in equity shall be proof of the actual, immediate, continuous and necessary confinement of the Insured.\u201d From this provision counsel argues that since plaintiff was not immediately wholly disabled, having been injured October 9 and not totally disabled until October 30, there is no liability under the policy, and in support of this cites Merrill v. Travelers Ins. Co., 91 Wis. 329; Shambaugh v. Great Northern Life Ins. Co., 131 Neb. 415; Southern Surety Co. v. Penzel, 164 Ark. 365; Martin v. Travelers Ins. Co., 310 Mo. 411; Johnson v. Travelers Ins. Co., 269 N. Y. 401; Preferred Mut. Acc. Assoc. v. Jones, 60 Ill. App. 106, and Genna v. Continental Cas. Co., 167 Ill. App. 413. We think none of these cases is in point.\nIn the Merrill case, the accident happened August 18, 1893, and the insured became wholly disabled October 20, 1893. The policy insured plaintiff against loss of time resulting from bodily injury \u201cwhich should independently of all other causes, immediately and wholly disable him from transacting any and every kind of business pertaining to his occupation.\u201d It was held that plaintiff\u2019s total disability having occurred after the injury, no recovery could be had.\nIn the Shambaugh case the policy provided that plaintiff would be paid insurance for bodily injuries if the insured was \u201ccontinuously disabled . . . from the date of the accident,\u201d and that since plaintiff sustained a scratch on the back of his neck on November 28 and did not become totally disabled until December 12, it was held there was no liability under the policy.\nIn the Penzel case, the Supreme court of Arkansas was called upon to construe an accident policy by which it was agreed to indemnify the insured if he was wholly disabled \u201cfrom the date of the accident,\u201d and it was held that since the insured did not become totally disabled until three days after he was injured, he could not recover.\nIn the Martin case, where the policy provided that, \u201cIf such injuries shall wholly and continuously disable the insured from date of accident, \u2019 \u2019 it was held that no recovery could be had where the insured became totally disabled three days after the accident.\nIn the Johnson case, the court of appeals of New York in construing an accident insurance policy, insuring plaintiff against loss of time resulting from accidental bodily injuries which shall \u201cwholly and continuously disable the Insured from date of accident,\u201d held plaintiff could not recover since the evidence showed that for five weeks after the accident he performed all the duties of his employment.\nIn the Jones case the Appellate Court of this State was called upon to construe an insurance policy providing for payment for accidental injuries \u201cresulting from bodily injuries incurred . . . which shall, independently of all other causes, immediately, wholly and continuously disable him from transacting any and every kind of business pertaining to his occupation.\u201d Plaintiff was accidentally injured by violently striking his head in passing through a cellar door, \u201cbut although suffering pain he continued to perform his duties as salesman for the space of five days,\u201d when he became wholly disabled. It was held that no recovery could be had. \u201e\nIn the Gevma case the insured was accidentally injured January 28, and the injury resulted in erysipelas from which the insured died February 7, following. The court held that since the policy provided that if the insured was accidentally injured and was totally disabled \u2018 \u2018 at once \u2019 \u2019 there was no liability.\nIt will be noted that each of the policies in the cases cited expressly provides that no recovery could be had unless the insured became totally disabled at the time of the injury, and that is the construction sought for by the defendant here. But we think the policy in question ought not to be so construed.\nSection 1, from which we have above quoted, provides that if the insured was accidentally injured and became immediately wholly disabled, the company would pay, etc., while in section 3 of the policy, which we have quoted and which is the provision under which plaintiff seeks to recover here, it is provided that if the insured is accidentally injured and becomes totally disabled, etc., the insured will be indemnified at the rate of $20 a week. There is no provision that the total disability must occur at the time of the accident. Following section 3 is section 4, and following that is the provision on which defendant relies. That proviso is that \u201cthe only evidence of such total disability of the continuance thereof admissible in any action ... at law or in equity shall be proof of the actual, immediate, continuous and necessary confinement of the Insured. \u2019 \u2019 This provision attempts to control the admissibility of evidence in an action at law or suit in equity. Obviously a court cannot be controlled by any such provision. We have heretofore held that a policy of insurance should be short, plain, and not involved, (Kiefer Tanning Co. v. Alliance Ins. Co., 266 Ill. App. 362; Wisz v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co., 277 Ill. App. 343; see also Kelley v. Boettcher, 85 Fed. 55); that insurance policies should be construed as other contracts if they are plain and unambiguous; but where ambiguous they are to be construed most strongly against the company which prepares and issues them. Jabara v. Equitable Life Ins. Co., 280 Ill. App. 147.\nIn the instant case there is no requirement in section 3 of the' policy that the insured must be totally disabled at the time of the accident before the company will be liable. Defendant seeks escape from liability by inserting a provision in this policy that attempts to control the admissibility of evidence in a court of justice. This cannot be done.\nThe judgment of the municipal court of Chicago is affirmed.\nJudgment affirmed.\nMcSurely and Hatchett, JJ., concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Mr. Presiding Justice O\u2019Connor"
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Meyer A. Ginsburg, of Chicago, for appellant.",
      "No appearance for appellee."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "Frank A. Stateman, Appellee, v. Travelers Casualty Insurance Company, Appellant.\nGen. No. 40,071.\nOpinion filed June 13, 1938.\nMeyer A. Ginsburg, of Chicago, for appellant.\nNo appearance for appellee."
  },
  "file_name": "0005-01",
  "first_page_order": 55,
  "last_page_order": 63
}
