{ "id": 5033266, "name": "Mary Rose Quirk and Mary Ann Quirk, Minor, Appellees, v. William Schramm and Adolph Olson, Appellants", "name_abbreviation": "Quirk v. Schramm", "decision_date": "1948-02-04", "docket_number": "Gen. No. 44,052", "first_page": "293", "last_page": "301", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "333 Ill. App. 293" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "247 Ill. App. 378", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App.", "case_ids": [ 3304491 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app/247/0378-01" ] }, { "cite": "234 Ill. 564", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5640560 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/234/0564-01" ] }, { "cite": "330 Ill. App. 136", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App.", "case_ids": [ 3410468, 3409853 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app/330/0136-01", "/ill-app/330/0136-02" ] }, { "cite": "254 Ill. App. 387", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App.", "case_ids": [ 3177558 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app/254/0387-01" ] }, { "cite": "242 Ill. App. 93", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App.", "case_ids": [ 5529924 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app/242/0093-01" ] }, { "cite": "269 Ill. App. 581", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App.", "case_ids": [ 5603784 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app/269/0581-01" ] }, { "cite": "251 Ill. App. 99", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App.", "case_ids": [ 5589429 ], "weight": 3, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app/251/0099-01" ] }, { "cite": "233 Ill. App. 216", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App.", "case_ids": [ 3095944 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app/233/0216-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 681, "char_count": 12808, "ocr_confidence": 0.516, "pagerank": { "raw": 2.1063242818890856e-07, "percentile": 0.7625421404877273 }, "sha256": "e234c2278d37b9a306f274c450ed66dd12b86de06fe3350611cd8c710ab8b657", "simhash": "1:366eaf72b40eefb8", "word_count": 2190 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T22:48:13.596954+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "Mary Rose Quirk and Mary Ann Quirk, Minor, Appellees, v. William Schramm and Adolph Olson, Appellants." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Mr. Presiding Justice Lewb\ndelivered the opinion of the court.\nThis is an action to recover damages for personal injuries. A trial before the court and a jury resulted in verdicts and judgments in favor of plaintiffs Mary Rose Quirk and Mary Ann Quirk, a minor, for $8,000 and $2, respectively, and against both defendants. Defendants\u2019 motions for judgment notwithstanding the verdict and, in the alternative, for a new trial were overruled. Defendants appeal.\nOn January 1, 1945, between 7:00 and 7:30 p. m., Raymond Quirk was driving his 1941 Plymouth automobile north on Western avenue in the City of Chicago, accompanied by his wife, plaintiff Mary Rose Quirk, who was seated beside him and holding her four-year-old daughter, plaintiff Mary Ann Quirk, on her lap.\nAbout one hundred fifty feet south of the intersection of 81st street the Quirk automobile ran into the rear end of an unlighted station wagon owned by the defendant William Schramm and operated on the day of the occurrence by his son-in-law defendant Adolph Olson.\nAbout 1:30 o\u2019clock in the afternoon as the station wagon was being driven by defendant Olson north on Western avenue south of the intersection of 81st street the motor ceased to function, and the battery \u201cdied\u201d when Olson tried to get the motor started. The unlighted station wagon remained in this position on Western avenue until about 7:30 in the evening when it was struck by the Quirk automobile.\nThere are two street car tracks running down the center of Western avenue at the intersection of 81st street, and the distance between the east rail of the northbound tracks and the east curb at this point is twenty-seven feet. At the time of the accident there was considerable snow covering Western avenue and a snow bank along the east curb two or three feet high extending into the street from the curb three or four feet. As the Quirk automobile neared the intersection of 81st street it was traveling at about twenty miles per hour in a rut in the snow about five feet east of the northbound street car tracks.\nDefendants contend that plaintiff Mary Quirk was guilty of contributory negligence and therefore the-court erred in denying defendants\u2019 motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict.\nPlaintiff Mary Quirk testified in her own behalf that on the _ night of the accident it was dark, cold, and snowing slightly; that it was \u201ca little foggy\u201d and although the- fog was clearing it \u201cjust seemed to be spotted\u201d; that she could see ahead \u201cforty or fifty feet; as we drove along I wasn\u2019t paying much attention\u201d; that she \u201chappened to look up\u201d when she heard her husband exclaim, \u201cMy God,\u201d and saw defendants\u2019 station wagon a few feet away directly in front of her; that it was snowing \u201cjust at or before the accident occurred\u201d; and that \u201cthe object in front of us appeared white to me.\u201d\nRaymond Quirk, called by plaintiffs, testified that he was traveling in a rut three or four inches deep about five feet east of the northbound street car tracks; that the lights on his automobile were \u201cstandard sealed beam lights\u201d; that \u201cthey were regular driving lights\u201d and illuminated the roadway for a distance of fifteen or twenty feet; that he saw a snow-covered object fifteen or twenty feet directly in his path; and that his car traveled five or six feet after it came ,in contact with the unlighted station wagon.\nMilton L. Hoge, called by plaintiffs, testified in substance that he witnessed the collision between the Quirk automobile and defendants\u2019 station wagon between 7:00 and 7:30 p. m.; that \u201cit was dusk\u201d and \u201cthe weather was very murky and hazy,\u201d and the temperature was about zero; that he was driving south on Western avenue, traveling about twenty-five miles an hour, covering the outside or west rail of the car tracks because of \u201cthe rutted condition there\u201d; that when he reached a point about halfway between 80th and 81st street he saw \u201cthe headlights of an on-coming car flare up, swing to the left for a moment and then settle down\u201d; that there were no lights on the station wagon either front or rear; that there was a slight covering of snow on top of the station wagon; and that he first noticed the lights of the Quirk automobile when the impact occurred.\nDefendants argue that the evidence clbarly shows that the plaintiffs failed to comply with the statute of Illinois in reference to their headlights, Smith-Hurd Illinois Annotated Statutes, ch. 95\u00bd, sec. 200, and cite in support of their position Johnson v. Gustafson. 233 Ill. App. 216; Sugru v. Highland Park Yellow Gab Co., 251 Ill. App. 99; and Price v. Illinois Bell Tel. Co., 269 Ill. App. 581. In all of the cases last cited the facts are dissimilar to those in the case at bar. An examination of them discloses that the automobiles involved though equipped with headlights were using their dimmers or cowl lights while driving.\nIn the instant case the plaintiffs\u2019 evidence tends to prove that the snow-covered, unlighted, station wagon blended with the background, thus making it virtually invisible even with the headlights of the Quirk automobile burning.\nMoreover, plaintiff Mary Quirk and her husband, the driver of the automobile, had no reason to anticipate that defendants\u2019 station wagon would suddenly loom up in the haze as an obstruction in their path. Under these circumstances we think the question of whether the plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligence was for the jury to determine, and the court properly denied the motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict.\nDefendants maintain that plaintiffs have failed to prove that defendants were guilty of negligence. They say that the mechanical failure of the station wagon was no fault of theirs; that they had no choice as to whether they would permit their station wagon to remain upon the roadway or not; and that this exigency excuses them for leaving the station wagon on the highway in violation of the statute, relying upon Frochter v. Arenholz, 242 Ill. App. 93, and Sugru v. Highland Park Yellow Cab Co., 251 Ill. App. 99, to sustain their theory.\nAccording to the testimony of defendant Olson, after the station wagon stopped he made several trips to a restaurant located at 79th street and Western avenue, where he telephoned his brother-in-law for a tow truck, and because of the cold weather he went back and forth from the station wagon to the restaurant five or six times seeking shelter there. Obviously the station wagon was unattended for considerable periods in the afternoon and even after it became dark. Olson admits that he was not present when the accident took place and that the tow truck did not appear until some time afterwards. So far as the evidence shows, defendant Olson made no attempt to provide warning lights for his stalled unlighted station wag\u00f3n though a period of about seven hours elapsed between the time he left his car on the highway and the occurrence of the accident. In view of these circumstances we think the jury could find that defendants were guilty of negligence.\nDefendants urge that the court erred in refusing to give defendants\u2019 instruction number two which incorporates chapter 95\u00bd, section 200, and provides in substance that during the period between sunrise and sunset every motor vehicle shall carry two lighted lamps showing white lights visible at least five hundred feet in the direction toward which the motor vehicle is proceeding. It is not controverted that the Quirk automobile carried standard sealed-beam headlights and that they were lighted before and after the impact.\nPlaintiffs\u2019 witness Hoge testified that he saw the headlights of the Quirk car immediately before the impact when he reached a point midway between 80th and 81st streets. According to defendants\u2019 testimony this block is five hundred feet long. The fact that, notwithstanding the poor visibility at the time of the occurrence, Hoge could see the headlights of the Quirk automobile at least four hundred feet away would warrant the jury in concluding that under normal weather conditions they would be visible for at least five hundred feet as required by the statute. Defendants\u2019 argument is based on language found in the cases of Johnson v. Gustafson, 233 Ill. App. 216 and Sugru v. Highland Park Yellow Cab Co., 251 Ill. App. 99, which construed a similar statute. By application of the rule of construction announced in the Johnson and Sugru cases they argue in effect that the statute incorporated in the instruction . complained of in the instant case means that headlights of an automobile are required to illuminate the highway so as to enable the driver to see at least five hundred feet in the direction in which he is driving. In Miller v. Burch, 254 Ill. App. 387, the court, after analyzing the Johnson and Sugru cases, said at page 397, \u201cWe do not think our courts have in any case construed our statute as meaning the light shall so illuminate the road that the driver \u2018could see at least two hundred feet in the direction in which he was driving,\u2019 nor do we think they have ever held that the failure to have such lights or to so use them if he has them of itself alone constitutes negligence, so that the proof of that fact alone is sufficient to establish negligence. \u201d\nWe think that the Miller case is best reasoned and most analogous to the present case, and that the trial court properly refused defendants\u2019 instruction number two.\nDefendants contend that the amount of the verdict in favor of the plaintiff Mary Quirk is excessive.\nThe evidence shows that shortly after the accident plaintiff was taken to a hospital nearby where she was treated by one Doctor Klabatiha. She remained in the hospital for three days and there a east was applied to her arm. The cast was removed after about ten weeks. According to plaintiff\u2019s testimony she saw Doctor Klabaeha for a period of a month or five weeks after the injury. Thereafter Doctor Klabaeha joined the armed services and she consulted and received treatment from other physicians. Doctor Weiner testified that an examination of certain X-rays taken of the plaintiff\u2019s arm disclosed a fracture at the junction of the shaft and head of the humerus; that the fracture extended into the joint itself, and that the injury resulted in limitation of motion in the arm. In response to a hypothetical question Doctor Weiner stated that the condition is permanent. Plaintiff testified that before the injury she did the cooking and performed all of the household duties; that after the injury she employed a maid to do the heavy work about the house; that she suffers pain when she raises her arm above a certain point or brings it back; that she is unable to use the arm for an hour or two in the morning and feels a certain numbness of the fingers. So far as the record shows, defendants did not offer any testimony to refute the testimony given by plaintiff\u2019s medical witnesses, Doctor Klabaeha and Doctor Weiner.\nThe question of damages is peculiarly one of fact for the jury (Ford v. Friel, 330 Ill. App. 136). No complaint is made with respect to the instructions relating to the measure of damages, nor does it appear that the size of the verdict was the result of prejudice or passion on the part of the jury, and we are, therefore, not disposed to disturb it.\nComplaint is also made by the defendants with respect to the testimony at the trial in September of 1946 by Doctor Klabacha in reference to subjective complaints of pain, on the ground that he was not her attending physician at the time of the trial. The evidence shows that Doctor Klabacha treated plaintiff Mary Quirk for a period of four or five weeks commencing on the evening of the occurrence and that about a year and seven months had elapsed from the time he had last treated her to the time of the examination made at the court house for the purpose of testifying. Defendants rely on Greinke v. Chicago City Ry. Co., 234 Ill. 564, and Thomas v. Illinois Power & Light Corp., 247 Ill. App. 378. An examination of these cases discloses that in each case the physician who was called as a witness had not treated the injured person but had made an examination solely as a basis upon which to found an opinion to be given in a trial. It is not disputed that Doctor Klabacha was plaintiff\u2019s attending physician, and we do not think that his absence in the army changed his status as an attending physician. '\nFor the reasons given, the judgments are affirmed.\nJudgments affirmed.\nKiley and Burke, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "Mr. Presiding Justice Lewb" } ], "attorneys": [ "Boss, Berchem & Schwantes, of Chicago, for appellants.", "Kamin & Gleason and Earl Boss, all of Chicago, for appellees." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "Mary Rose Quirk and Mary Ann Quirk, Minor, Appellees, v. William Schramm and Adolph Olson, Appellants.\nGen. No. 44,052.\nOpinion filed February 4, 1948.\nReleased for publication February 20, 1948.\nBoss, Berchem & Schwantes, of Chicago, for appellants.\nKamin & Gleason and Earl Boss, all of Chicago, for appellees." }, "file_name": "0293-01", "first_page_order": 315, "last_page_order": 323 }