#### William Fitzgerald v. James Lorenz.

1. Pleading—Proper Mode of Declaring upon a Contract.— The proper and scientific mode of declaring upon a contract is to set it out in accordance with the legal effect.

2. Same—Upon a Note with Defective Interest Clause.—A declaration “ with interest at six (6) per cent per annum,” is properupon a note in the following language: “§1,000 Chicago, Ills., December 1, 1894.

Fourteen months after date, I promise to pay to the order of James *652Lorenz, one thousand dollars, payable at Gerald building, value received, interest 6 per.”

3. Contracts—Interpretation of, When a Question of Fact.—The question as to whether the words “ interest at six per” in a promissory note mean interest at the rate of six per cent per annum, is a question of fact.

Assumpsit, on a promissory note. Appeal from the Superior Court of Cook County; the Hon. John Barton Payne, Judge, presiding.

Heard in this court at the March term, 1898.

Affirmed.

Opinion filed January 9, 1899.

Statement.

This is an appeal from a judgment in favor of appellee rendered in an action of assumpsit by appellee against appellant. The declaration, filed October 31,1894, contains two special counts and the common counts. The first special count avers:

“ That William Fitzgerald, on the 1st day of December, 1894, made his promissory note, bearing date the day and year aforesaid, and then and there delivered the said note to Dames Lorenz, the plaintiff, in and by which said note the said defendant, by the name, style and description of Wm. Fitzgerald, promised to pay to the order of said plaintiff, fourteen months after the day and year last aforesaid, $1,000, payable at Gerald building, ‘ with interest at six (6)'per cent per annum.’ ”

The second count differs from the first only in being on another note for the sum of $900, due eighteen months after December 1, 1894.

Appellant, May 5, 1897, pleaded the general issue, and November 11, 1897, the case was called for trial, and the notes sued on being offered in evidence by appellee, appellant objected on the ground that the averment in each special count of the declaration with regard to interest was “ with interest at six (6) per cent per annum,” whereas the note offered in evidence read merely “ interest at 6 per.” Thereupon appellee made a cross-motion for leave to amend his declaration, which the court allowed, and overruled appellant’s objection,and appellee filed the following amendment:

*653“ Lorenz ") Fitzgerald. )

James Lorenz, by Charles MeNett, his attorney, amends his declaration as follows: On line 34, after the word 6 per,’

strike out the words, ‘ cent per annum,’ and insert the words 1 meaning thereby to pay interest at the rate of six per cent per annum.’

On line 17, page one, after word ‘per,’ strikeout same words as above; strike out and insert same words as above inserted.

Charles S. McNett,

Pill’s Attorney.”

The amendment was filed after the jury retired to consider of their verdict.

The trial proceeded, and the jury returned a verdict for the appellee and assessed appellee’s damages at the sum of $1,734.33. November 27, 1897, after the verdict was rendered, appellant, by leave of court, filed a demurrer to the amended declaration, which the court overruled and ordered that the plea of the general issue theretofore filed to the original declaration, should stand as a plea to the amended declaration, overruled appellant’s motion for a new trial and rendered judgment on the verdict.

C. M. Hardy, attorney for appellant.

Charles S. MoNett, attorney for appellee.

° Mr. Justice Adams

delivered the opinion of the court.

Appellant’s counsel contends that the variance between the original declaration and the notes put in evidence is fatal; that the court erred in permitting an amendment of the declaration; that the amendment was so made that it is impossible to determine in what part of the declaration it belongs; that it is not supported by the proof; that the court erred in ordering the plea of the general issue to stand as a plea to the amended declaration, and in overruling the demurrer to the amended declaration, etc., and that the judgment is excessive.

*654The declaration does not purport to set out the notes sued on in haec verba, but only in accordance with their legal effect, and the latter is the proper and scientific mode of declaring on a contract. 1 Chitty PL, 9th Am. Ed., p. 805; Crittenden v. French, 21 Ill. 598.

The legal implication from the words used in the notes, viz., “ interest at 6 per,” is that they were to bear interest at the rate of six per cent per annum.

In Gramer v. Joder, 65 Ill. 314, the note sued on read : “ One year after date I promise to pay to the order of Barbary Joder, the sum of four thousand dollars at ten per cent value received.” Held, the meaning was that the note bore interest at the rate of ten per cent per annum.

In Thompson v. Hoagland, 65 Ill. 310, the note read, “ One year after date I promise to pay Wm. Thompson, or order, $374.79, at ten per centum from date.” Held, that the note bore interest at the rate of ten per cent per annum.

It will be observed that in neither of the two cases last cited was the word “ interest ” contained in the note. See also Williams v. Baker, 67 Ill. 238; and Belford v. Beatty, 46 Ill. App. 539.

It follows from these authorities that the averment in the original declaration, that the notes were payable, “ with interest at six (6) per cent per annum,” was in accordance with the legal effect of the notes. This being so, if the amendment was not properly made, as appellant’s counsel contends, the irregularity is immaterial. But we do not agree with counsel for appellant that it can not be determined in what part of the declaration the amendment is to appear. It is to appear after the word “ per ” and as a substitute for the words “ cent per annum,” which last words are to be stricken out, and there is not the least difficulty in ascertaining the places where the words “per cent per annum ” occur, there being only two such places1 in the declaration, one in each of the special counts. If, then, the declaration be considered as amended, and the question whether the words “ interest at six per ” mean interest at the rate of six per cent per annum, solely a question of fact, the jury were fully warranted in their finding.

*655In Thompson v. Iloagland, sufra, the court say:

> “ The word interest is not found in the note, yet we can not but consider it, and it would be received in the money market, as a note bearing ten per cent interest per annum from its date. That would be the common judgment of any body of men to whom it should be submitted.”

Such was the understanding of the parties themselves. On the $1,000 note is indorsed a receipt of James Lorenz, of date February 1, 1896, for $70, “ being interest in full to above date.” This is exactly the amount due February 1, 1896, for interest from December 1,1894, at the rate of six per cent per annum. On the note for $900, and under date July 1, 1896, is a receipt for $85.50 “interest,” the exact amount of interest due from the date of the note to July 1, 1896, at the rate of six per cent per annum.

When the court permitted the amendment of the declaration, appellant did not move for leave to file an additional plea. He can not now, therefore, be heard to complain. Knefel v. Flanner, 166 Ill. 147.

It does not appear from the record that appellant has any defense inadmissible under the general issue. On the trial he offered no evidence, his sole defense apparently consisting of objections. Appellant’s demurrer was to the whole declaration, was general, and was properly overruled. Appellant’s counsel suggests that the judgment is greater than warranted by the evidence. The amount of the judgment is not in excess of principal and interest due November 11, 1897, the date of the trial, after deducting all payments proved.

The record in this case is made up in a very slovenly manner, and with little regard to the chronological order of the proceedings in the trial court, and not at all in conformity with rule 1 of this court.

The judgment will be affirmed.