{
  "id": 4844128,
  "name": "Walter W. Wharton v. The People, etc.",
  "name_abbreviation": "Wharton v. People",
  "decision_date": "1881-04-07",
  "docket_number": "",
  "first_page": "232",
  "last_page": "234",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "8 Ill. App. 232"
    }
  ],
  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.",
    "id": 8837,
    "name": "Illinois Appellate Court"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 29,
    "name_long": "Illinois",
    "name": "Ill."
  },
  "cites_to": [
    {
      "cite": "41 Ill. 280",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ill.",
      "opinion_index": -1
    },
    {
      "cite": "68 Ill. 53",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ill.",
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        2628404
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    {
      "cite": "48 Ill. 145",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ill.",
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        5229909
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      "case_paths": [
        "/ill/48/0145-01"
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    {
      "cite": "75 Ill. 469",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ill.",
      "opinion_index": 0
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    {
      "cite": "35 Ill. 204",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ill.",
      "case_ids": [
        5257196
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      "case_paths": [
        "/ill/35/0204-01"
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    {
      "cite": "53 Ill. 296",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ill.",
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "77 Ill. 25",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ill.",
      "case_ids": [
        821731
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      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ill/77/0025-01"
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T15:31:21.704510+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "Walter W. Wharton v. The People, etc."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Casey, J.\nThis was a prosecution against the appellant in the County Court of Williamson county, for an assault with intent to inflict a bodily injury upon the person of George L. Powell.\nThe cause was heard at the August term of said court, A. D. 1879, and the defendant found guilty of a common assault. A motion for a new trial was interposed and refused; exceptions were taken and the case is brought to this court by an appeal.\nThe second assignment of errors is as follows: \u201c The court erred in giving improper instructions to the jury at the instance of the prosecution and against the objection of the defendant.\u201d\nThe second instruction given by the court at the request of the plaintiffs, is as follows:\n\u201c The court further instructs you for the People, that although you may believe from the evidence, that at the time of the assault, if you believe from the evidence beyond a reasonably doubt that an assault was made, the witness George L. Powell was committing a trespass to the possession of the inclosure or field, yet this alone would not justify or excuse the defendant in using a deadly weapon to prevent such; and, unless you believe that the defendant acted in good faith, as a reasonably prudent man, to prevent such trespass, your verdict should be guilty.\u201d\nThis instruction does not correctly state the law. The defendant had a right to use such force as might be necessary to prevent a trespass or destruction of his property. If he used more force than was necessary for that purpose, he would be liable to prosecution. Brown v. The People, 39th Ill. 407; Roach v. The People, 77 Ill. 25; Gerchid v. The People, 53 Ill. 296.\nThis instruction is also clearly erroneous, because it assumes that the defendant did use a deadly weapon. It is the province of the jury to find the facts. Conkright v. The People, 35 Ill. 204; City of Chicago v. Shulten, 75 Ill. 469; Collins v. The People, 48 Ill. 145.\nThe concluding part of the instruction is also erroneous. The jury were directed that they should find the defendant guilty if they believed that he did not act in \u201cgood faith as a reasonably prudent man to prevent such trespass.\u201d\nThis ignores the charge as to the commission of the assault and makes the guilt or innocence of the defendant depend upon his good faith in attempting to prevent a trespass.\nWe have carefully examined the evidence in this case as it appears in the record, and are well satisfied that it does not sustain the verdict. The county court erred in refusing the motion for a new trial. For these reasons the judgment of the county court is reversed and the cause remanded.\nReversed and remanded.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Casey, J."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Messrs. Clemens & Burton, for appellant;"
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "Walter W. Wharton v. The People, etc.\n1. Assault with deadly weapon \u2014 Justification.\u2014A person has a right to use such force as may be necessary to prevent a trespass or destruction, of his property. If he uses more force than necessary for that purpose he will be liable to prose cul\u00f3n.\n2. Instruction \u2014 Assuming fact. \u2014 An instruction in a prosecution for an assault with deadly weapon, which assumes that the defendant used a deadly weapon, is erroneous.\n3. Good faith of defendant. \u2014 So, also, an instruction which makes the guilt or innocence of the defendant depend upon his good faith in attempting to prevent a trespass, and ignores the charge as to the commission of the assault, is erroneous\nAppeal from the County Court of Williamson county; the Hon. Geo. W. Young, Judge, presiding.\nOpinion filed April 7, 1881.\nMessrs. Clemens & Burton, for appellant;\nthat a party in the actual, peaceable possession of lands cannot be forcibly dispossessed, even by the owner of the better title, cited I. & St. L. R. R. Co. v. Cobb, 68 Ill. 53; Reeder v. Purdy, 41 Ill. 280."
  },
  "file_name": "0232-01",
  "first_page_order": 234,
  "last_page_order": 236
}
