{ "id": 2698228, "name": "James Paul, Claimant, v. The State of Illinois, Respondent", "name_abbreviation": "Paul v. State", "decision_date": "1984-03-15", "docket_number": "No. 82-CC-0489", "first_page": "232", "last_page": "242", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "36 Ill. Ct. Cl. 232" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. Ct. Cl.", "id": 8793, "name": "Illinois Court of Claims" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "205 N.E.2d 470", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "32 Ill. 2d 324", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2841298 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/32/0324-01" ] }, { "cite": "34 Ill. Ct. Cl. 126", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. Ct. Cl.", "case_ids": [ 2709443 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-ct-cl/34/0126-01" ] }, { "cite": "32 Ill. Ct. Cl. 760", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. Ct. Cl.", "case_ids": [ 5319240, 5323554 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-ct-cl/32/0760-02", "/ill-ct-cl/32/0760-01" ] }, { "cite": "30 Ill. Ct. Cl. 67", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. Ct. Cl.", "case_ids": [ 2730721 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-ct-cl/30/0067-01" ] }, { "cite": "34 Ill. Ct. Cl. 260", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. Ct. Cl.", "case_ids": [ 2711520 ], "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "263" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-ct-cl/34/0260-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 772, "char_count": 17069, "ocr_confidence": 0.888, "pagerank": { "raw": 4.03580807328026e-08, "percentile": 0.0835772664738369 }, "sha256": "b09fd84f800d0c78fef9e2de9f4c9726c7d8e3578cf2a4317c637bdfa9f9f58d", "simhash": "1:a1eeaa4d45273ada", "word_count": 2901 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:14:57.173915+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "James Paul, Claimant, v. The State of Illinois, Respondent." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Roe, C.J.\nThis is a claim by a former employee of the Respondent for back wages due as the result of a wrongful discharge. The Claimant, James Paul, was suspended on November 1,1980. He returned to work on December 1, 1980 and was again suspended on December 1, 1980, pending discharge, but was paid from December 1, 1980, until December 11, 1980, at which time his discharge became effective. He had been employed as a Community Service Supervisor II with the Illinois Commission on Delinquency Prevention. The Civil Service Commission, after lengthy hearings, returned him to work on July 16, 1981. It found insufficient evidence to sustain all but one charge and only ordered a 30-day suspension on that charge.\nOn September 21, 1981, the Claimant filed this claim. Attached to the complaint as Exhibit B is a letter from the Department of Children and Family Services which was stipulated to be part of the record. It shows that Claimant\u2019s lost income for the period of December 11,1980, through June 30,1981, was $13,354.62, based on a daily rate of $85.33. This figure includes $1,023.96 for vacation days he would have earned over that period had he worked and not used them.\nA hearing was held on August 12,1982, and evidence as to the amount of damages and mitigation efforts was adduced. However, during the time his claim was pending in the Court of Claims, the Claimant was pursuing an administrative review action in the Circuit Court of Sangamon County seeking reversal of the 30-day suspension sustained by the Civil Service Commission. After the hearing on damages in this Court and during the time the parties were briefing this claim, the circuit court, on September 14, 1982, reversed the 30-day suspension order, thereby clearing the Claimant of all charges.\nThree weeks after the circuit court\u2019s decision the Claimant moved to amend his complaint to claim an additional sum of $2,559.90 based on $85.33 per day for the 30-day period of the month of November 1980. The record indicates that the motion was not ruled on. The Respondent did not file a separate pleading to the motion but did address comments to it in a replication brief. Therein the Respondent raised several objections including (1) that the issue of compensation for November 1980 was being untimely raised, (2) that the record makes no mention of compensation due for that month, and (3) that Claimant is seeking $2,559.90 when in fact the document Claimant offered as a departmental report shows that Claimant was only earning a monthly salary of $1,856.00.\nPursuant to sections 2 \u2014 616 and 2 \u2014 617 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 110, pars. 2 \u2014 616, 2 \u2014 617), amendments to a complaint may be made at any time. Perhaps a hearing on the Claimant\u2019s motion would have been proper in view of the objections the Respondent expressed. However, we find that the Claimant has filed sufficient documentation and justification for us to allow him to amend his complaint to include the amount due as the result of the reversal of his 30-day suspension. Our granting his motion would best serve the interests of judicial economy and efficiency, for this claim has been pending for some time and it is quite certain that the Claimant would file another claim were we not to allow him to include it in the case at bar. We do note the Respondent\u2019s objections and find the additional amount that the Claimant would have earned for the month of November 1980 to be $1,856.00. In addition, we point out to the parties that this opinion will not become final for 30 days. Both parties have that period within which to ask for a rehearing on the matter if they so desire. Motion granted.\nThe threshold issue which must be decided concerns the availability of appropriations with which the employee could have been paid had he not been wrongfully discharged. The record indicates that the employing agency of the Claimant, the Commission on Delinquency Prevention, was abolished by the legislature effective July 1, 1981. Prior to the layoff of all the agency\u2019s employees on said date, $24,300.00 was paid out to the staff to compensate for unused vacation time. This liquidation left a total of $26.19 in the line item for personal services (from which line item the Claimant should have been paid). There is nothing in the record to indicate that any funds were available to be transferred into the personal services line item had such a transfer been done in time. In summary, the record shows that the agency spent virtually all of its funds prior to its extinction and would have had none left to pay Mr. Paul.\nThe volumes of the Court of Claims Reports are replete with cases where agencies have incurred obligations in excess of the amounts appropriated to them and the creditor has sought relief in this Court. It is a fundamental principle in this Court that such claims must be denied. The case of Van Nattan v. State (1981), 34 Ill. Ct. Cl. 260, is very similar. There the Claimant\u2019s job was abolished and he obtained reemployment rights through the Civil Service Commission. However, the agency did not reinstate him until 10 months later. The agency lapsed no money with which he could have been paid. The Court stated:\n\u201cThe law is quite clear on this issue. Even though Claimant in equity and good conscience appears to be owed his lost wages we are constrained by law to deny his claim. Where insufficient funds lapse from which payment of a claim would have been made, absent the showing that the claim falls within the narrow exception of being expressly required by law, the claim must be denied. In connection with this we point out that article VIII, section 2(b) of the Constitution of the State of Illinois provides that the General Assembly by law shall make appropriations for all expenditures of public funds by the State. If this Court were to grant an award in the case at bar we would in effect be appropriating funds. Said authority lies solely with the Legislature.\u201d (34 Ill. Ct. Cl. 260, 263.)\nIn the case at bar the agency spent all of the funds appropriated to it for personal services by the legislature and if we were to make an award we would essentially be providing the agency more money \u2014 in effect appropriating funds.\nHowever, section 11(b) of the Personnel Code (Ill. Rev. Stat., ch. 127, par. 63b111b), provides that every employee reinstated for the period for which he was suspended, discharged, or improperly laid off shall receive full compensation for such period notwithstanding the fact that any person was employed to perform any duties of such employee during the time of such suspension, discharge or layoff. This seems to us to evince a legislative intent that such a person be paid regardless of whether or not the agency spent the money. We find that payment of any amount of back wages due the Claimant under the facts of this case to be expressly authorized by law.\nIn so finding we know that we are overruling the Van Nattan, supra, decision and finding yet another set of facts within the narrow exception to the general rule. Mr. Van Nattan\u2019s claim was presented to the legislature following our decision, the legislature considered the matter, and Mr. Van Nattan was eventually paid. Because of the constitutional allocation of authority to the legislature noted in the above quoted passage from Van Nattan, supra, we are mindful that we must exercise extreme caution in deciding what obligations are expressly authorized by law. We think the approach taken here is correct and proper from both legal and policy points of view. Our decision, however, must be limited so that it only applies so as not to bar back pay up to the date the legislature refused to fund the agency\u2019s operations. Even though the Claimant was ordered reinstated two days after the agency\u2019s abolition, any portion of the claim relating to that two-day period must be denied.\nHaving found that this claim is not barred by the insufficiency of lapsed funds we turn now to the issue of mitigation. The facts with respect to the Claimant\u2019s mitigation of his losses are as follows. James Paul was in his late fifties during the relevant time period. He had spent virtually his entire life in youth work, 17 years of that time with the delinquency programs with the State of Illinois. In mitigating one\u2019s losses in a case such as this, one is required to seek relatively similar work within the same general locality. The Claimant applied for work at Elliot\u2019s Children\u2019s World, the Illinois Department of Children and Family Services, the Illinois Department of Corrections, the Pekin Housing Authority, the Tazewell County Court Services, and he tried to get help through his State representative.\nAlso, he sought work in private industry. He went to a well-placed friend at Midwest Solvents but was unable to get work. He applied at the Private Industries Corporation, Greater Peoria Contractors and Suppliers Association, Johnson\u2019s Moving and Storage, Maloof Real Estate Company, and Cabinet Pack. Finally, he was able to get part-time work from a friend at Cabinet Pack and earned a total of $618.00.\nAdditionally, the record indicates that the Claimant spent a good deal of time preparing for litigation and defending himself. We have previously determined that such efforts are relevant to the issue of mitigation.\nDue to the nature of the charges levelled against him which caused his suspension and discharge (which charges need not be described herein), however, he had in reality no chance of obtaining youth-oriented employment. Upon telling other prospective employers about the circumstances under which he was forced to leave his job with the Respondent, they too were not receptive to hiring him. We feel we comprehend the situation and understand the prospective employers\u2019 reactions and the futility in Claimant\u2019s efforts. In conclusion, considering the Claimant\u2019s age, his occupation, the general state of the economy (which we take judicial notice of), the nature of the charges against him, and the time spent in refuting those charges, we find that the Claimant has met his obligation to mitigate his losses.\nThe final issue on the merits of the claim involves vacation pay as a proper element of damages in a claim seeking back wages as a result of a wrongful discharge. Our research indicated that the question has not previously been presented to the Court under the facts of this case. It is the Claimant\u2019s position here that had he not been wrongfully discharged he would have earned vacation days and would have had the right to have them liquidated by compensation upon the agency\u2019s abolition just as his co-workers were paid.\nIn Harrington v. State (1974), 30 Ill. Ct. Cl. 67, the claimant sought payment for accrued vacation time pursuant to Personnel Rule 3 \u2014 290 which provides as follows:\n\u201cSalary in lieu of vacation: No salary payment shall be made in lieu of vacation not taken except on termination of employment, in which case the effective date of termination is not extended by reason of said salary payment.\u201d\nThe Claimant in Harrington, supra, had changed employment from one agency of the State to another. The issue therein was whether his employment had terminated or he had merely transferred to another job. In granting payment for accrued vacation time, the Court decided that the Claimant\u2019s employment had in fact been terminated and his situation fell within the rule. The Claimant was not seeking redress for wrongful discharge but merely payment for days actually accrued. In the case at bar, Mr. Paul was paid for vacation days actually accrued up to the time of his discharge.\nAlthough Shimeall v. State (1979), 32 Ill. Ct. Cl. 760 would appear to be directly on point, upon careful analysis it is clear that the issue was not raised by the Respondent nor was the Court apprised of anything in the record to indicate the Claimant should be barred from receiving vacation pay as an element of damages in a wrongful discharge claim. In a case involving much the same facts as Shimeall, supra, this Court in Shaw v. State (1981), 34 Ill. Ct. Cl. 126, denied vacation pay. The Claimants in those cases had been wrongfully discharged and ordered reinstated. Upon reinstatement, the agency credited the Claimants with the maximum amount of vacation days they were by rule allowed to carry. Although the rationale used by the Court in denying the claim for vacation days in Shaw, supra, was much more involved, it can basically be summarized that the Claimant therein was made whole by the restoration of the agency of the vacation days upon the Claimant\u2019s reinstatement. Although it was shown that the Claimant would have earned more vacation time than that with which he was credited had he worked over the entire period of his wrongful discharge, he would have either used the balance of the vacation days or lapsed them during that time. Thus he actually lost nothing.\nIn People ex rel. Bourne v. Johnson (1965), 32 Ill. 2d 324, 205 N.E.2d 470, the supreme court stated, \u201cThe theory underlying a suit for back salary is to make the employee whole \u2014 to compensate him to the extent that the wrongful deprivation of salary has resulted in financial loss\u201d. It is the Claimant\u2019s position that he was deprived of his job and but for that deprivation he would have worked and earned vacation days. Had he worked and earned vacation days he would have been terminated, along with the rest of the agency\u2019s employees, at the end of June 30, 1981. Just as the other employees were paid for accrued vacation time upon their termination, he, too, would have been entitled to such payment. Moreover, section 11(b) of the Personnel Code (Ill. Rev. Stat., ch. 127, par. 63b111b) provides that upon reinstatement one is to be paid lost benefits, and the right to earn and be compensated for vacation time is certainly a benefit of the Claimant\u2019s employment.\nHowever, upon close analysis it is clear to us that the Claimant has suffered no loss with respect to the vacation days. The record shows that during the month of December 1980, when he was removed from the payroll, he was paid for 54 vacation days, said payment totalling $4,607.98. A person with the Claimant\u2019s length of tenure with the State earns 20 vacation days per year. Although the record is silent on the matter, we will give the Claimant the benefit of the doubt and assume that of those 54 vacation days for which he was paid he earned only 14 of them in calendar year 1978. Pursuant to the Personnel Rules, specifically 80 Ill. Ad. Code, ch. 1, section 303 \u2014 250, he could have only carried that many days up to December 31, 1980, after which he would have lapsed the 14 days. Had he actually worked continuously through June 30, 1981, he would have only earned 12 more vacation days. Therefore, he would have either lost the 14 days or actually taken them off but only gained 12 more. Were we to pay him for the 12 additional days he would in effect be made more than whole because he would be paid for the 14 days he would have either used or lapsed and 12 additional days.\nIn summary, following People ex rel. Bourne v. Johnson, supra, in order to \u201ccompensate the claimant to the extent that the wrongful deprivation of salary has resulted in financial loss\u201d we are treating him as if he had been continuously employed. When the situation is viewed as such he has already been compensated for 14 days which he would have either actually taken off or lapsed. He would not have been paid for those 14 days had he been continuously employed. In our view, those days more than cancel out the 12 more he would have earned had he worked and could have been compensated for had he not taken them off.\nIn conclusion, the Claimant is hereby awarded the sum of $13,578.66, plus employer contributions and less employee deductions as more fully set forth in the appendix attached hereto and incorporated herein. We arrived at the gross figure by adding what the Claimant would have earned for the month of November 1980, the balance of the month of December 1980, for which he has not been paid, and what he would have earned from January through June 1981, and then subtracting what he actually earned in mitigation of his losses.\nAPPENDIX A\nIdentification of State Contributions and Deductions from Back Salary Award\nTo the State Employees\u2019 Retirement System:\nEmployee\u2019s contribution to State\nEmployees\u2019 Retirement System 1086.29\nEmployee\u2019s contribution to FICA _.00\nState\u2019s contribution to State\nEmployees\u2019 Retirement System 1018.40\nState\u2019s contribution to FICA .00\nTo Illinois State Treasurer to be remitted to Internal Revenue Service:\nClaimant\u2019s Federal Income Tax 2715.73\nTo Illinois Department:\nClaimant\u2019s Illinois Income Tax 407.36\nTo the Claimant:\nNet salary 9369.28\nTotal award $14597.07", "type": "majority", "author": "Roe, C.J." } ], "attorneys": [ "James M. Drake, for Claimant.", "Neil F. Hartigan, Attorney General (William E. Webber, Assistant Attorney General, of counsel), for Respondent." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "(No. 82-CC-0489\nJames Paul, Claimant, v. The State of Illinois, Respondent.\nOpinion filed March 15, 1984.\nJames M. Drake, for Claimant.\nNeil F. Hartigan, Attorney General (William E. Webber, Assistant Attorney General, of counsel), for Respondent." }, "file_name": "0232-01", "first_page_order": 320, "last_page_order": 330 }