{
  "id": 5503959,
  "name": "In re Application of Nelda M. Cole",
  "name_abbreviation": "In re Cole",
  "decision_date": "1993-12-09",
  "docket_number": "No. 86-CV-1310",
  "first_page": "561",
  "last_page": "569",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "46 Ill. Ct. Cl. 561"
    }
  ],
  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "Ill. Ct. Cl.",
    "id": 8793,
    "name": "Illinois Court of Claims"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 29,
    "name_long": "Illinois",
    "name": "Ill."
  },
  "cites_to": [],
  "analysis": {
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    "pagerank": {
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    "simhash": "1:1ccf87134885bf90",
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:02:05.793271+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "In re Application of Nelda M. Cole"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "OPINION AND ORDER\nDillard, J.\nThis claim is brought by Nelda Cole for compensation under the Crime Victims Compensation Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. (1987), ch. 70, par. 71 et seq.) following the death of her husband on February 4, 1986. Claimant makes application for compensation as a \u201cperson who was dependent upon the deceased victim of a crime of violence for [her] support at the time of the death of that victim.\u201d Ill. Rev. Stat. (1987), ch. 70, par. 72(a).\nFacts\nDecedents body was found on February 5,1986, in a six-foot drainage ditch with mud banks in rural Montgomery County. It was determined death was caused by drowning and testing revealed a blood alcohol level of .36.\nThe sheriffs investigation resulted in the arrest of two Montgomery County men \u2014 Michael Daniels and Danny Sanford. Daniels gave a statement to police that he and Sanford were at a local tavern with Cole at 9:00 p.m. on Februaiy 4, 1986, when Cole asked them for a ride to someone\u2019s home. After driving around the rural areas for 15-30 minutes, Daniels asked the driver Sanford to stop because he needed to urinate. After Daniels exited the car he heard a \u201cthump\u201d and turned around. He stated that Sanford had thrown Cole down onto the ground, knocking off the victim\u2019s glasses, took his wallet and went through the victim\u2019s pockets. Sanford and Daniels then got back into their car, after they kept Cole\u2019s wallet and $60. They then drove away, leaving Cole lying conscious on the edge of the roadway. Both men were charged with robbery under section 18 \u2014 1 of the Criminal Code, Ill. Rev. Stat. (1987), ch. 38, par. 18 \u2014 1.\nThe Attorney General submitted an investigatory report that concluded that the victim died as a result of accidental drowning and that, since accidental drowning was not one of the crimes of violence defined in section 2(c) of the Crime Victims Compensation Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. (1987), ch. 70, par. 72), the Claimant was not entitled to compensation. This court entered an order adopting the findings and conclusions of the investigatory report and denying the claim. Claimant appealed pursuant to section 13.1(a)(3) of the Act. (Ill. Rev. Stat. (1987), ch. 70, par. 83.1(a)(3).) A hearing was subsequently held before a commissioner.\nThe Commissioner\u2019s Hearing\nAt the hearing, the investigation reports of the Montgomery County Sheriff and the transcript and records of the coroners inquest were admitted into evidence (Ill. Rev. Stat. (1987), ch. 70, par. 83.1(b).) Also, the investigator for the Montgomery County Sheriff testified describing the condition of the victim when the body was found. There were cuts and bruises on Cole\u2019s face and the investigator concluded these were a result of the victim being thrown onto the gravel roadway. Also, he opined that after the two assailants departed, the victim \u2014 who was virtually blind without his glasses \u2014 stumbled into the drainage ditch. Because the sides of the ditch were wet mud, he was unable to crawl out (marks on the sides were found where he apparently tried to do so), and drowned in the water, which was high because of recent rains. In response to hypothetical questions, the sheriff's investigator said that: (1) given the level of intoxication, that condition alone would have prevented Cole from escaping the ditch; (2) even if Cole had not been intoxicated, without his glasses he could not have escaped the ditch; and (3) the injuries themselves were not severe enough alone to prevent Cole from escaping the ditch but contributed to preventing him from escape.\nIssues\nThe initial issue is whether Arnold Cole was killed due to a crime of violence perpetrated or attempted against him. (Ill. Rev. Stat. (1987), ch. 70, par. 72(d)(1).) A crime of violence means and includes offenses defined in specified sections of the Criminal Code. (Ill. Rev. Stat. (1987), ch. 70, par. 72(c).) Robbery, the offense with which Sanford and Daniels were charged, is not included in such statutory list. However, both assault under section 12 \u2014 1 and battery under section 12 \u2014 3 of the Criminal Code are included. (Ill. Rev. Stat. (1987), ch. 38, pars. 12 \u2014 1, 12\u2014 3.) The actions of Sanford satisfy the elements of either offense, as those actions were described by Daniels. There is no requirement in the Act that the perpetrator be charged or convicted of the crime of violence. We therefore find that Cole was a victim of a crime of violence.\nThe second element of section 2(d)(1) of the Crime Victims Compensation Act requires that the victim be \u201ckilled or injured * * * as a result of\u2019 the crime of violence. Since the claim is made for the death of Cole, the injuries he received from the assault are not at issue. Rather, the issue is whether Cole was killed \u201cas a result of\u2019 the assault.\nThere is no requirement in section 2(d) that the death be a direct and proximate result of the crime. Rather, the legislature limited the wording to the less stringent requirement of simply \u201ca result of.\u201d This reading of section 2(d) is consistent with the provisions of section 10.1 of the Act relating to compensation (Ill. Rev. Stat. (1987), ch. 70, par. 80.1). Section 10.1(d) provides:\n\"[A]n award shall be reduced or denied according to the extent to which the victims acts or conduct provoked or contributed to his injury or death, or the extent to which any prior criminal conviction or conduct of the victim may have directhj or indirectly contributed to tire injury or death of the victim.\u201d (Emphasis added.)\nThe language allows reductions based upon the conduct of the victim but does not require a \u201cdirect and proximate\u201d measure. Reading sections 2(d) and 10.1(d) in concert, it is most reasonable to conclude that the legislature intended that the conduct of the victim \u2014 as well as the conduct of the perpetrator \u2014 of the crime be judged as to whether it had any measurable connection with the injuries or death. If such measurable connection is found, then the evidence satisfies the \u201cresult of\u2019 requirement of section 2(d)(1) of the Act.\nThe evidence in this case is that Arnold Cole was thrown to the ground and had eyeglasses knocked off. As a result he suffered bodily injuries, sufficient to at least limit his ability to escape from the drainage ditch. Left in that condition by his assailants, Cole stumbled into the ditch. Unable to escape the high water, he drowned. Therefore, we find that the death can be attributed to a measurable degree to the assault because of the injuries. Also, we find that Claimant is entitled to compensation as a dependent of the victim.\nThe evidence is that the victims funeral expense was $3,002.18 and his burial expenses were $100. Of this, $255 was paid by Social Security and $645 by the Illinois Department of Public Aid. The balance was paid by Lyle Cole, the victims brother. There were no medical and hospital expenses.\nThe victim was 48 years old at the time of his death. He had been a construction worker but had suffered several heart attacks. As a result, he had been disabled for about one year. His only source of income was $455 monthly from Social Security disability benefits. The record does not contain evidence as to whether Claimant was receiving any widows portion of the victims Social Security benefits or any other public assistance income, nor is there adequate evidence as to other potential deductions under section 10.1(e) and 10.1(g) of the Act.\nHaving reviewed the evidence as to the cause of death, however, we were able to make findings under section 10.1(d) of the Act. Based upon the testimony and record evidence, we find that the victims conduct of voluntary intoxication contributed to his death to the extent of 50%. Therefore, it is hereby ordered that any award should be reduced by 50% under section 10.1(d).\nIt is further ordered that this claim be returned to the Attorney General for investigation as to the amount of loss of support and the amount of any deductions under section 10.1(e) and 10.1(g), and whether any award for funeral and burial expenses should be made to Claimant or to Lyle Cole, victim\u2019s brother, who actually paid the unpaid portion of those expenses.\nORDER\nBurke, J.\nThis cause coming to be heard upon the Respondent\u2019s motion to dismiss, all parties having notice and the Court being fully advised in the premises, the Court finds:\n(1) That the instant case was heard and an order entered on March 13, 1989, directing the matter to Attorney General for investigation.\n(2) That the Attorney General followed the above order and made reasonable attempts to investigate.\n(3) That Claimant failed to cooperate with the investigation.\n(4) That Respondent filed a motion to dismiss and Claimant was given time to respond.\n(5) That Claimant continues to be uncooperative.\nIt is hereby ordered that Respondent\u2019s motion to dismiss is granted and the instant case is dismissed with prejudice.\nORDER\nBurke, J.\nThis cause coming to be heard upon the Court's motion, and the Court being fully advised in the premises, the Court finds: That the Claimant died on January 23, 1992.\nIt is hereby ordered that the instant case is dismissed.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Dillard, J. Burke, J. Burke, J."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Nelda M. Cole, pro se, for Claimant.",
      "Neil F. Hartigan, Attorney General (Sallie Manley and Suzanne J. Schmitz, Assistant Attorneys General, of counsel), for Respondent."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "(No. 86-CV-1310\nIn re Application of Nelda M. Cole\nOrder filed February 25, 1987.\nOpinion and order filed March 17, 1989.\nOrder filed October 17, 1991.\nOrder filed December 9, 1993.\nNelda M. Cole, pro se, for Claimant.\nNeil F. Hartigan, Attorney General (Sallie Manley and Suzanne J. Schmitz, Assistant Attorneys General, of counsel), for Respondent."
  },
  "file_name": "0561-01",
  "first_page_order": 697,
  "last_page_order": 705
}