{ "id": 839778, "name": "The Chicago and Alton Railroad Company v. The People ex rel. Daniel O'Connell", "name_abbreviation": "Chicago v. People ex rel. O'Connell", "decision_date": "1895-04-01", "docket_number": "", "first_page": "276", "last_page": "283", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "155 Ill. 276" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill.", "id": 8772, "name": "Illinois Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "147 Ill. 196", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 833780 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/ill/147/0196-01" ] }, { "cite": "108 Ill. 456", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "108 Ill. 451", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 831495 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/108/0451-01" ] }, { "cite": "78 Ill. 274", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "147 Ill. 196", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 833780 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/147/0196-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 561, "char_count": 15272, "ocr_confidence": 0.596, "pagerank": { "raw": 6.661310379718029e-07, "percentile": 0.9623912436593793 }, "sha256": "baac126641ac1ba306c751ac916ae118d8481f05a4353a41190239747b1eeeae", "simhash": "1:70ef572d272dae17", "word_count": 2682 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T14:57:19.553980+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "The Chicago and Alton Railroad Company v. The People ex rel. Daniel O\u2019Connell." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Mr. Chief Justice Wilkin\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nThis was a proceeding in the court below, at its May term, 1894, to obtain judgment against the property of appellant for delinquent special school taxes for the year 1893. The school districts interested were Union District No. 7, in townships 32 and 33; range 8, and districts Nos. 3, 4 and 8, in township 32, range 8. The amount claimed to be due and unpaid in favor of each of these districts was a balance to No. 7 of $73.89; a balance to No. 3 of $63.30; to No. 4 the whole tax, $1481.31; and to No. 8 the whole tax, $701.95. Appellant filed objections to each of these claims, which were overruled and judgment entered accordingly. Objector appeals.\nThese taxes were levied under the provisions of article 8 of the School law of 1889. (3 Starr & Curtis, 1194.) Section 1 of that article empowers school directors to levy a tax, annually, for educational and building purposes upon the taxable property of their district, but provides that such tax shall not exceed two per cent for educational purposes and three per cent for building purposes, on the valuation of such property, to be ascertained by the last assessment for State and county taxes. Section 2 is as follows: \u201cThe directors of each district shall ascertain, as near as practicable, annually, how much money must be raised by special tax for school purposes during the ensuing year, which amount shall be certified and returned to the township treasurer on or before the first Tuesday in August, annually. The certificate of the directors maybe in the following form, viz.\u201d (Here follows a blank form.) Section 5 provides : \u201cAccording to the amount certified, as aforesaid, the county when making out the tax books for the collector, shall compute each taxable person\u2019s tax, in said district, upon the total amount of taxable property, as equalized by the State Board of Equalization for that year, lying and being in said district, whether belonging to residents or non-residents, and also each and every tract of land assessed by the assessor which lies, or the largest part of which lies, in said district.\u201d\nTo the amount claimed for district No. 7 the objection filed was, the assessment was \u201cfor school purposes only, the said sum above named being in excess of the amount by law authorized to be raised and assessed.\u201d This objection was not sustained by the proof. The tax was not \u201cassessed for- school purposes only,\u201d but for both school and building purposes. The proof shows that, being levied for both, the amount was not in excess of the amount authorized by law. Two certificates for school tax were filed by the directors of that district. One dated July 22, 1893, and filed in the county clerk\u2019s office August 8, 1893, and the other dated July 24, 1893, and filed in the county clerk\u2019s office August 14, 1893. The first required $855 for school \u201cand building purposes,\u201d without stating how much was needed for either purpose, and the other \u00a7800 for school purposes alone. The county clerk testified that he treated the first as requiring \u00a7855 for school purposes and the other \u00a7800 for building purposes, and computed the tax according to the aggregate amount, \u00a71655. It is insisted the first certificate was void, because it failed to state how much of the \u00a7855 was required for school purposes and how much for building purposes, and therefore the county clerk had no authority for extending a tax for any portion of that amount. Whether the position is well taken or not, it is clear the question is not properly presented by the objection filed. It could only be raised by specifying, in writing, that particular cause of objection. (Rev. Stat. sec. 191, chap. 120.) \u201cWhen objections are made, the trial is only upon the points thus raised, the presumption being that all else is admitted to be correct and free from objection.\u201d Karnes v. People ex rel. 78 Ill. 274.\nThe objection filed to the tax for district No. 3 is, the said sum is \u201cin excess, to that extent, of the amount to be assessed upon the school tax certificate filed.\u201d The directors\u2019 certificate for that district was in the form given in section 2, article 8, of the School law of 1889, requiring \u00a71800 for school purposes and \u00a71000 for building purposes. It is admitted that two per cent on the taxable property of the district for the current year would only have raised the sum of \u00a71648.48, but the whole amount, \u00a71800, was levied, the result being that appellant\u2019s property in that district was taxed \u00a763.30 more than it would have been if but two per cent had been levied. The county clerk computed the tax on the whole amount required by the certificate, viz., \u00a72800, and it is contended, on behalf of relator, that inasmuch as that amount did not exceed the per cent which could be lawfully levied for both purposes, (two per cent for school and three per cent for building purposes,) the levy was not unlawful. It is said the county clerk properly computed the tax on the whole amount required; that it is not his duty, under section 5 of the statute, to make his computation on the amounts separately. Conceding that to be true, the amount extended for school purposes being more than two per cent, the excess must be abated. By the express terms of the statute no more than two per cent for educational purposes on the valuation of the last assessment could be legally levied. Although the directors\u2019 certificate may require more than the per cent allowed by statute, the tax cannot be lawfully extended for an amount in excess of that per cent. The excess must be abated. (Wabash Railroad Co. v. People, 147 Ill. 196.) The county clerk having failed to make the abatement before extending the tax, the tax-payer is entitled to have it done in this proceeding, otherwise the limit fixed by the statute would become a dead letter. On the theory of appellee, if these directors had certified that they required \u00a72700 for school purposes and \u00a7100 for building purposes, the whole \u00a72700 could have been lawfully extended and collected; and if that position could be maintained, any fraction less than five per cent could be collected for either school or building purposes. It is not denied that appellant paid the full amount of tax which could have been lawfully assessed against its property in district No. 3 for educational purposes, on a basis of two per cent on the valuation of 1893. The county court erred in rendering judgment for the \u00a763.30 which was in excess of that amount.\nThe objection filed to the tax of each of districts Nos. 4 and 8 was, \u201cthat there is on file in the office of the county clerk no legal and proper certificate, executed by the directors of said district, on which to base such levy and assessment, and that the certificate on which said levy and assessment are based is illegal and void.\u201d It was shown by the proof that the tax for district No. 4 was extended upon the following certificate: \u201cWe hereby certify that we require the amount of \u00a72 on each \u00a7100 to be levied as a special school tax for school purposes, and \u00a71 on each \u00a7100 for building purposes, on the taxable property of our district for the year 1894. Given under our hands this 11th day of August, A. D. 1893.\u201d Signed by the president and clerk of the board of education, and filed in the office of the county clerk August 14, 1893. Also, that the tax for district No. 8 was extended upon the following certificate: \u201cWe hereby certify that we require the amount of \u00a72 on each \u00a7100 for teaching, and \u00a71.50 on each \u00a7100 for building and repairs, to be levied as a special tax for school purposes on the taxable property of our district for the year 1894. Given under our hands this 25th day of July, A. D. 1893.\u201d Signed by the president and clerk of the board of education, and filed in the county clerk\u2019s office August 14, 1893. For the purposes of this decision these certificates may be treated as the same. Were they sufficient to authorize the levy of the tax sought to be collected by this proceeding?\nIt will be seen by reference to section 2 of the statute that the directors are required to certify the amount required, and return the same, etc. This section is a literal copy of section 44 of the School law in force when the case of Weber v. Ohio and Mississippi Railway Co. 108 Ill. 451, was decided, and it was there said : \u201cThe tax certificate which the school directors are empowered to make by section 44 of the School law (Rev. Stat. 1874,) is the basis of all school taxes. In a sense such certificates are jurisdictional, and any tax extended for school purposes, where no such certificate has been returned by the directors as required by that section of the statute, is without authority of law, and would be null and void.\u201d It is also clear from the provisions of section 5 of the act of 1889, that the statute contemplates a certificate stating the amount required. The county clerk is authorized to extend the tax \u201caccording to the amount certified as aforesaid,\u201d etc. It is clear, therefore, that in making a levy of school taxes a strict compliance with the statute requires the directors to certify the amount required for each of the two purposes, in dollars and cents, seeing to . it that neither amount exceeds the per cent fixed by section 1, supra, and that the county clerk should simply add these amounts together, and make his computation according to the aggregate amount so certified. But owing to the fact that, at the time the directors are required to make this certificate, they cannot definitely' know just what the valuation of the taxable property of their district will amount to for the current year, and fix the amounts within the statutory limit of two and three per cent upon such valuation, we held in Wabash Railroad Co. v. People, supra, that in making their certificate they should take into consideration the needs of their district alone, and if their estimate should happen to exceed the limited per cent, the only result would be that no more than the lawful per cent could be levied and extended on the tax books, and the excess would have to be abated. It must, therefore, be accepted as the settled construction of the statute, that while the directors\u2019 certificate is the basis of the levy of a school tax, and essential to the validity of the same, the amount fixed by them, if it exceeds the statutory limit, does not necessarily control the county clerk in extending the tax.\nWhile the certificates in question do nob in terms state how much money must be raised for the respective districts, they do so in effect. They furnish the county clerk the facts upon which to determine the amount required, viz., two per cent, etc., on each $100 of the taxable property of the district for the year 1894. It is clear that with these facts before him, when he extended the tax he could readily ascertain the amount called for; and on the authority of the Wabash case, supra, it is equally clear that if, in making the computation, he ascertained that the amount would exceed the limited per cent on the valuation of 1893, it was his duty to abate the excess before extending the tax. As a matter of fact he extended the per cent named in the certificates on the assessment of 1893,'\u2014the current year. The levy was not, therefore, unlawful because it exceeded the per cent fixed by the statute, nor is anything shown \u201caffecting the substantial justice of the tax itself.\u201d It is true, the assessment of 1894 may have been less than that of 1893, and if it was, the amount levied exceeded the amount called for by the directors. If so, and an objection to the validity of the tax on that ground had been filed, a different question would have arisen. Here the sole ground of objection is, that the certificates filed by the directors were void. While we can discover no reasonable excuse for this departure by the directors from the plain requirements of the law, with a statutory form of this certificate before them, we are not prepared to hold their action absolutely void. Our statute provides that \u201cno error or informality in the proceedings of any of the officers connected with the assessment, levying or collecting of the taxes, not affecting the substantial justice of the tax itself, shall vitiate or in any manner affect the tax or the assessment thereof.\u201d (Eevenue act, sec. 191.) This statute has been liberally construed, and repeatedly enforced by the decisions of this court, in upholding irregular assessments and levies of taxes, and we think, under those decisions, the tax levied for districts Nos. 4 and 8 must be held valid.\nJudgment will therefore be entered for the amount of the taxes levied and unpaid, for Union District N'o. 7, $73.89, for district No. 4, $1481.31, and for district No. 8, $701.95, and an order will be entered that the amount deposited with the collector by appellant upon taking this appeal be credited upon such judgment, and an execution issued for the balance thereof, if any. It is also ordered that appellee pay his own costs in this court.\nReversed in part and affirmed in part.", "type": "majority", "author": "Mr. Chief Justice Wilkin" } ], "attorneys": [ "George S. House, for appellant:", "S. C. Stough, for appellees." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "The Chicago and Alton Railroad Company v. The People ex rel. Daniel O\u2019Connell.\nFiled at Ottawa April 1, 1895.\nTaxes\u2014objection to tax must specify particular cause. An objecti\u00b0n to a school tax must, under chapter 120, section 191, of the Revised Statutes, specify, in writing, the particular cause of objection.\n2. Schools\u2014tax for school pu/rposes cannot exceed two per cent. An amount extended as a tax for school purposes in excess of two per cent must be abated, under the statute providing that no more than two per cent for educational purposes, on the valuation of the last assessment, can be legally levied, although the certificate of the directors may require more than such per cent.\n3. Same\u2014erroneous certificate by directors does not invalidate school tax. A certificate of school directors to the township treasurer for the purpose of the extension of a school tax, that $2 on each $100 for teaching, and $1.50 on each 55100 for building and repairs, on the taxable property of the district, is required for the year, though improper, as not giving the amount of revenue required, states, in effect, how much money must be raised, and will not invalidate the tax to the amount of the two per cent allowed by law.\n4. Same\u2014certificate of directors does not govern county clerk. While the directors\u2019 certificate is the basis of a school tax, and essential to its validity, the amount fixed, if it exceeds the statutory limits, does not necessarily control the county clerk in extending the tax.\nAppeal from the County Court of Grundy county; the Hon. Alva R. Jordan, Judge, presiding.\nGeorge S. House, for appellant:\nThe tax certificate required by section 2, article 8, of the School law, is jurisdictional. Such certificate constitutes the foundation of all school taxes. Weber v. Railway Co. 108 Ill. 456.\nThe statutory limit for school or educational purposes is two per cent, and for building purposes is three per cent, on the valuation, to be ascertained by the last assessment for State and county taxes. Any tax levy in excess of this rate, as to such excess, is null and void. Railroad Co. v. People, 147 Ill. 196.\nS. C. Stough, for appellees." }, "file_name": "0276-01", "first_page_order": 276, "last_page_order": 283 }