{ "id": 2579518, "name": "The People of the State of Illinois, Defendant in Error, vs. Albert Samuels, Plaintiff in Error", "name_abbreviation": "People ex rel. Batman v. Illinois Central Railroad", "decision_date": "1937-06-11", "docket_number": "No. 23524", "first_page": "408", "last_page": "418", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "366 Ill. 408" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill.", "id": 8772, "name": "Illinois Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "353 Ill. 518", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5292624 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/353/0518-01" ] }, { "cite": "306 Ill. 402", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5782771 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/306/0402-01" ] }, { "cite": "208 Ill. 9", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 3297727 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/208/0009-01" ] }, { "cite": "261 Ill. 33", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 4741735 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/261/0033-01" ] }, { "cite": "265 Ill. 543", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 4778906 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/265/0543-01" ] }, { "cite": "277 Ill. 567", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 4864799 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/277/0567-01" ] }, { "cite": "266 Ill. 636", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 4783869 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/266/0636-01" ] }, { "cite": "353 Ill. 492", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5293187 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/353/0492-01" ] }, { "cite": "347 Ill. 353", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5270223 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/347/0353-01" ] }, { "cite": "342 Ill. 120", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5253310 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/342/0120-01" ] }, { "cite": "332 Ill. 53", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5212981 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/332/0053-01" ] }, { "cite": "361 Ill. 470", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2596468 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/361/0470-01" ] }, { "cite": "335 Ill. 245", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5791045 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/335/0245-01" ] }, { "cite": "249 Ill. 170", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5645608 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "234" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/249/0170-01" ] }, { "cite": "306 Ill. 529", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5782170 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/306/0529-01" ] }, { "cite": "336 Ill. 506", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5230838 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/336/0506-01" ] }, { "cite": "272 Ill. 494", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 4829323 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/272/0494-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 765, "char_count": 17277, "ocr_confidence": 0.788, "pagerank": { "raw": 2.1865827913069785e-07, "percentile": 0.7732904505243355 }, "sha256": "7df981efaff57c7883e0bddf690b2f9a0912bc1731b2ed1fdb025c700dc49abf", "simhash": "1:00b5edcbc4033c04", "word_count": 3006 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T19:21:20.816080+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "The People ex rel. George S. Batman, County Collector, Appellee, vs. The Illinois Central Railroad Company, Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Mr. Chief Justice Farthing\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nThe Illinois Central Railroad Company filed objections in the county court of Jasper county to the application of the county collector for judgment and an order of sale of the company\u2019s property for delinquent 1934 taxes. Its objections were overruled, judgment and order for sale were rendered, and the company has appealed.\nThe board of supervisors ofi Jasper county levied $16,200 for general county purposes for the year 1934. Appellant objected to the following items in that levy: \u201cFuel, water and lights for courthouse, $1000; fuel, water and lights for jail, $300, and for bridges, $400.\u201d The company contends that the items, \u201cfuel, water and lights\u201d for the courthouse and for the jail, were improper in that several purposes are covered by one amount, or, in other words, the levies for these purposes should have been made specific by further itemization, and that the item for \u201cbridges\u201d is uncertain and does not sufficiently designate the purpose for which the levy made is to be used. In People v. Jackson, 272 Ill. 494, we held valid a levy for \u201cpublic buildings, light, heat and repairs, $12,000,\u201d and in People v. Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad Co. 336 Ill. 506, we held that a levy for \u201clight and water\u201d need not be further itemized. (See, also, People v. Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad Co. 306 Ill. 529.) Tax-payers were sufficiently advised by these items in the levy that the purpose was to supply fuel, water and lights for the courthouse and for the jail for the current year, and it was not necessary to state the separate cost of the fuel, the water or the lights. As to the item of $400 for \u201cbridges,\u201d we held in People v. Chicago and Northwestern Railway Co. 249 Ill. 170, and People v. Bowman, 253 id. 234, that the item \u201cbridges\u201d fairly includes the building of new bridges, the repairing of old ones and the construction of approaches. These objections were, therefore, properly overruled.\nThe appellee confesses error was committed by the overruling of the appellant\u2019s objection to the item of, \u201c$100 for fire department\u201d contained in the levy ordinance of the city of Newton.\nObjections were made to, \u201cstreet and alley fund, $200,\u201d \u201cfor streets and alleys, $200,\u201d and \u201cfor street and alleys, $2000,\u201d contained in the respective 1934 levy ordinances of the villages of Rose Hill and Willow Hill, and the city of Newton. In view of our holdings that levies for streets and alleys are for a single purpose, these objections were properly overruled. People v. Eastern Illinois and Missouri Railroad Co. 335 Ill. 245; People v. Millard, 307 id. 556.\nThree other items were objected to in the village of Rose Hill tax levy ordinance, viz., \u201celection fund $40,\u201d \u201clight fund, $630,\u201d and \u201csidewalk and bridge fund, $100.\u201d The first two items are such as would ordinarily be found in an annual village tax levy ordinance. The expense items connected with holding an election in a village are few in number and small in amount. No statutory provision is violated by a failure to further itemize the election item of $40. The same is true of the item of $630 for light for the village. The fact that the word \u201cfund\u201d was in-eluded does not necessarily make the items vague and indefinite. While we-have held that it is possible for a fund or an account to be for different purposes and subject to the objection that it is indefinite, (People v. Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railway Co. 361 Ill. 470; People v. Cairo, Vincennes and Chicago Railway Co. 243 id. 217,) such is not the case here. We upheld a levy for \u201ccoal and gas fund,\u201d and said that it was equivalent to a levy for heat and light, in People v. Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad Co. supra. These items, objected to as indefinite because of the use of the word \u201cfund,\u201d were readily understood and are not indefinite. For that reason the objections to them were properly overruled.\nThe objection to the levy of $100 for, \u201csidewalks and bridges,\u201d should have been sustained, because these were two separate purposes. We held in People v. Missouri Pacific Railroad Co. 332 Ill. 53, that an item for roads and bridges should be stated separately. It was error to overrule this objection.\nAppellant objected to the 1934 levies in fifteen school districts in Jasper county on the ground that, in each district, the levies were so unreasonable and unnecessary as to show an abuse of discretion by the taxing authorities; that the directors, in making the 1934 levy, did not take into consideration the cash on hand, the uncollected 1933 taxes still in process of collection, and the amounts which would be received from the motor fuel tax, and the occupational tax through the State distributive school fund; that they made no attempt to estimate the funds which would be needed to operate the schools during the tax year; and that the result of permitting the levy for the year 1934 to stand, would be an unnecessary accumulation of funds in the school treasuries. The financial status of each district on the day of the levy was stipulated, but the appellee objected to the materiality of the facts and figures contained in the various exhibits. District 35 illustrates the data furnished with reference to each of the districts. In it the net funds available for a two-year period included cash on hand $684.49 and a balance of $262.35 \u00b0f the 1933 taxes, which the testimony shows was collected in the fall of 1934. It was stipulated that this district received $136.72 during the eight months\u2019 period in which the motor fuel tax was diverted, in part, to school purposes. From the occupational tax, based on eleven months\u2019 actual receipts, it was estimated that the district would receive $971.46 over a two-year period, or $485.73 for one year. There were no outstanding orders or debts at the time the 1934 tax levy was made. The average cost of operating the school district for one year was $684.25, based on the cost for the three preceding years, and the tax levied for 1934, at the rate of one dollar, would produce the sum of $564.17. It is contended that the district would have $2055.02 net funds available for a two-year period, and that no levy should have been made for the year 1934. Substantially the same objections are made to the tax in the other school districts. The only difference is in the amounts of the tax levy, cost of operation and net funds available. Only school districts 40 and 41 had any outstanding school orders, and it is stipulated that these were deducted from the total funds available in those two districts.\nIt was stipulated that appellee had made a prima facie case, and no question is made as to the legality of the levy in any district by reason of the same exceeding the statutory rate. The exhibits introduced by appellant, and objected to as immaterial by appellee, purport to cover a two-year period. All the levies were made on August 7, 1934, and the fiscal year of the school districts ended on June 30, 1935. The appellant objects to the relevancy and materiality of the county collector\u2019s testimony showing that only a part of the 1934 levy was received by each district in May, 1935, and that the balance collected thereof would be paid in December, 1935. We have taken from the exhibits, which are admitted to be correct as to amounts, the figures for the year 1934-5, in the fifteen districts, which are shown in the following table:\nThe appellant made no showing as to what amount, if any, had been received in prior years from the State distributive school fund. The act providing for a transfer of a portion of the motor fuel tax to school purposes was not approved until May 4, 1934. It provided that after March 1, 1935, the motor fuel tax money should be otherwise distributed. (Laws of 1933-4, first, second and third sp. sess. p. 227.) The statute directing payment of a part of the occupational tax into the common school fund, became effective July 1, 1933, (Laws of 1933, p. 1090,) so that there was available to the directors of the fifteen districts, eleven months\u2019 experience to assist them in estimating what amount could be expected from this source during the year 1934-5, but, at best, the amounts to be expected from both these sources, were highly conjectural. The appellant\u2019s evidence consisted of exhibits showing the cash on hand, the amounts of uncollected 1933 taxes, and the cost of operation in each district for the last three years preceding 1934-5. All the money from the motor fuel tax was received by the districts subsequent to August 7, 1934, the date of the levies. There is nothing to show what expenses were anticipated by the directors in any district for the fiscal year I934~5- The 1934 levies were, for the most part, less in amount than the average annual cost of operation.\nIt was the duty of the various school directors to make their levy on or before the first Tuesday in August. They also had the right to maintain sufficient money in the treasury to pay indebtedness as it became due, and it was not necessary for them to wait until money was actually needed to defray outstanding obligations, before levying a tax. (Mathews v. City of Chicago, 342 Ill. 120; People v. Chicago and Northwestern Railway Co. 331 id. 544; People v. Crear, 300 id. 611.) The presumption is that the school directors, in levying a tax for the. year 1934-5, properly discharged their duties and the burden rests upon the objector to show that such was not the case. Gates v. Sweitzer, 347 Ill. 353; People v. Hassler, 262 id. 133.\nIn People v. Baltimore and Ohio Southwestern Railway Co. 353 Ill. 492, the Wayne county board of supervisors made a levy, in 1931, of $15,000 for county highway purposes. The county treasury then had $10,131.58 cash in the fund for that purpose. The actual expenditures for this purpose were shown to be $15,661.74, and there was proof that there had been, in previous years, unlawful diversions from this fund to the general county fund. The objection made in that case, aside from the charge that a similar unlawful diversion of funds was contemplated, is similar to the objections made in the case before us. We held that the levy was valid, but we recognized the rule that taxes are levied only to defray the necessary expenses of government and not to enrich the public treasury; that any unnecessary accumulation of money in the public treasury is unjust to the people, because it deprives them of the use of their money for a considerable period, and that this is unwise, in that it may tempt those who have charge of the funds to use the money improperly. But we said that public authorities have the duty to use sound business judgment in estimating the amount of taxes required to be levied each year, and they have the right to provide funds to meet obligations when they became due. We said further: \u201cA tax levy largely in excess of the amount required for the purpose for which it is made, with the intention of creating a surplus to be used for another purpose, is not a legal tax levy even though the rate is within the limit fixed by statute. (People v. Illinois Central Railroad Co. 266 Ill. 636.) But the burden rests upon an objector to sustain his objection to a tax, and the courts will not interfere with the decision of taxing bodies on the question of the amount of taxes to be levied where it does not clearly appear that they have abused the discretion vested m them. (People v. Sandberg Co. 277 Ill. 567.) From an examination of this record we cannot say that it is clearly shown that it was the intention of the county board, in making the levy for highway purposes in 1931, to provide a surplus in the county highway fund to be used for a purpose other than county highway purposes, or that the amount of the levy is grossly excessive and shows an intention to accumulate funds faster than they are likely to be needed for highway purposes.\u201d\nIn People v. Wabash Railroad Co. 265 Ill. 543, the facts were that there was $23,000 in the county treasury available for State aid roads at the time the levy was made which was objected to. We held that this fact did not invalidate the additional levy for that purpose. We cited People v. Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Co. 261 Ill. 33, with approval, where we upheld a levy of $51,000 although there was $56,000 in the county treasury. At page 36 of the last mentioned decision we said: \u201cEven though the balance of $56,846.65 could all be used for county purposes, it does not follow that the law did not authorize the county board to levy and collect additional taxes for the county expenses for the ensuing year. It is well known that under the law the taxes levied for the expenses for any year are not collected so as to be available to be paid out for county expenses until several months after September 1. The argument of counsel for appellant is, that at the September meeting the county board should not have in its treasury anything more than enough money to pay the bills and indebtedness then due; that any money needed to pay current county expenses after September 1 until the taxes are paid in should be raised by the sale of anticipation warrants. * * * With this we cannot agree. * * * Taxes should not be levied for the purpose of accumulating funds for the remote future or for contingencies which may never occur; * * * but no court has ever held, in construing a statute such as ours, that levying taxes a short period in advance to provide for ordinary and necessary expenses was not fully justified. The revenue statutes must be given a reasonable construction. It was not intended by the legislature that the county authorities should not have a reasonable discretion in arranging in advance for the collection of the necessary tax for the payment of the current expenses.\u201d\nIn Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railway Co. v. People, 208 Ill. 9, it was objected that the school directors had levied $1800 when only $1100 was needed by the district for school purposes, and that it was intended to use the remaining $700 to pay bonded indebtedness and interest. On page 11 we said: \u201cThe levy for school purposes was only for two and one-half per cent of the taxable property of the district and was within the limit allowed by the statute. Within that limit the board of directors were clothed with a large discretion in determining the amount necessary to be raised for maintaining free schools in the district and with which to pay the ordinary and contingent expenses thereof, and when it appears that a tax levy is clearly within the statutory power conferred upon the board of directors, the courts in the absence of fraud, are powerless to prevent the collection of the tax from the fact alone that more has been levied by the board of directors than the court might find was necessary to maintain free schools and meet the expenses of maintaining the same in the school district for the ensuing school year.\u201d (See also People v. Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railway Co. 306 Ill. 402.)\nThe appellant relies on People v. Millard, supra, and People v. New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad Co. 353 Ill. 518. In the Millard case we held a levy to pay interest on road bonds excessive and void, where the municipality had sufficient funds on hand to pay interest charges for two years with a balance over. In the latter case, the East Side Levee and Sanitary District had on hand, and in the process of collection, three times its average yearly expense. There were no unusual improvements in immediate contemplation. It was under no contract calling for the expenditure of any considerable amount of money and there was no bonded indebtedness to come due for several years. We held that the district could not make a levy, lawfully, for the purpose of creating a surplus, merely because it contemplated making certain expensive improvements in the future which had not been definitely determined upon at the time of making the levy, and that, under the circumstances, the entire levy for the year in question, was illegal and void.\nThe objector does not make such a showing here and under the facts we cannot hold that there was a clear abuse of the discretion lodged in any of the fifteen school districts. The county court properly overruled these objections.\nThe judgment of the county court of Jasper county is affirmed as to all items objected to except the item of $100 for the fire department of the city of Newton, and the item of $100 for sidewalk arid bridge' fund, in the ordinance adopted by the village of Rose Hill, and as to these two items the judgment is reversed and the cause remanded, with directions to sustain the objections thereto.\nAffirmed in part, reversed in part and remanded, with directions.", "type": "majority", "author": "Mr. Chief Justice Farthing" } ], "attorneys": [ "Charles A. Helsell, R. C. Beckett, Craig & Craig, and Robert M. Werden, (Edward C. Craig, and Vernon W. Foster, of counsel,) for appellant.", "Homer Kasserman, State\u2019s Attorney, for appellee.", "Fester Geers, Edwin V. Champion, George W. Howard, Jr., and Ward P. Holt, State\u2019s Attorneys and amici curia." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "(No. 23524.\nThe People ex rel. George S. Batman, County Collector, Appellee, vs. The Illinois Central Railroad Company, Appellant.\nOpinion filed June 11, 1937.\nCharles A. Helsell, R. C. Beckett, Craig & Craig, and Robert M. Werden, (Edward C. Craig, and Vernon W. Foster, of counsel,) for appellant.\nHomer Kasserman, State\u2019s Attorney, for appellee.\nFester Geers, Edwin V. Champion, George W. Howard, Jr., and Ward P. Holt, State\u2019s Attorneys and amici curia." }, "file_name": "0408-01", "first_page_order": 408, "last_page_order": 418 }