{
  "id": 2560880,
  "name": "William J. Quigley et al. Appellants, vs. Charles L. Quigley et al. Appellees",
  "name_abbreviation": "Quigley v. Quigley",
  "decision_date": "1938-12-15",
  "docket_number": "No. 24705",
  "first_page": "151",
  "last_page": "156",
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      "cite": "370 Ill. 151"
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    "name_abbreviation": "Ill.",
    "id": 8772,
    "name": "Illinois Supreme Court"
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    "name_long": "Illinois",
    "name": "Ill."
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    {
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    {
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    {
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      "cite": "231 Ill. 484",
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T18:05:39.243894+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "William J. Quigley et al. Appellants, vs. Charles L. Quigley et al. Appellees."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Mr. Justice Jones\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nAppellants, nephews of the testatrix, filed in the circuit court of Cook county, a bill to construe the will of Alice M. Quigley, deceased. The will, written in longhand by the testatrix, provides: \u201cI hereby give, devise and bequeath to my brother, Charles L. Quigley, all my property, real estate, personal and of whatever form for his personal use during his lifetime.\u201d It then provides for the payment of all her debts and obligations and the expenses of her last sickness and death, and provides for the payment of $100 to the Catholic Extension Society for masses for the repose of her soul. The will further provides: \u201cAfter the death of my brother, I wish that whatever is left of my estate be divided among my four nephews.\u201d The question presented is the extent of the interest given to Charles L. Quigley. The circuit court held he was given a life estate with full power to dispose of the corpus of the estate during his lifetime, by proper deed or deeds of conveyance, but not by his last will or testament. It is the contention of appellants that Charles was given only a life estate, with no power to dispose of the corpus.\nThe testatrix was a spinster sixty-nine years of age at the time of her death. She had been a teacher in the public schools of Chicago for about thirty years and had retired a few years before her death. She lived with her brother Charles, for the last seven or eight years of her life. Charles and her four nephews were her only heirs and next of kin. Her estate consisted of two vacant lots worth about $1000 each, and personal property valued at approximately $29,000. The personal property included capital stock in various corporations, of a market value of $27,000, and the rest consisted of bank deposits, checks and a promissory note.\nIn determining the interests created by the will, we must ascertain and give effect to the intention of the testatrix as expressed by all the provisions of the will, interpreted in view of the circumstances surrounding the testatrix. (Hollenbeck v. Smith, 231 Ill. 484.) Appellees argue that the expressions \u201cfor his personal use during his lifetime\u201d and \u201cwhatever is left of my estate\u201d show an intention to give the life tenant a power of disposal of the corpus and to give the nephews only so much as the life tenant should not dispose of in his lifetime. It is contended that \u201cfor his personal use during his lifetime\u201d has a different and larger meaning than \u201cfor his lifetime,\u201d in that it means the life tenant may \u201cuse up\u201d the estate. No authority is cited in support of this contention. In several analogous cases similar language has been employed, and in none of them has it been suggested that such language has a different meaning than the usual words creating a life estate. In Welsch v. Belleville Savings Bank, 94 Ill. 191, the language was \u201cfor her own free, independent and uncontrollable use and benefit for the term of her natural life.\u201d In Thompson v. Adams, 205 Ill. 552, the language was \u201cfor the sole use and benefit of my wife, Elizabeth Adams, so long as she shall live and remain my widow.\u201d In Strickland v. Strickland, 271 Ill. 614, the property was devised \u201cfor her use during the term of her natural life, she to have absolute control of same during her lifetime.\u201d It is our opinion that a gift \u201cfor his personal use during his lifetime\u201d has no different meaning than \u201cfor life.\u201d No significance is to be attached to the words employed here. It cannot be said that those words manifest an intention to add to the life estate a power to consume or dispose of the corpus of the estate.\nIt is next argued by appellees that the words \u201cwhatever is left\u201d show an intention to create a power of disposal. Appellants agree the rule is that when a will creating a life estate contains a subsequent clause granting remaindermen whatever is left of the estate, no power to dispose of the corpus of the estate is created unless the expression \u201cwhatever is left\u201d can be given no other reasonable meaning than that of a grant of such power of disposal. (Vanatta v. Carr, 223 Ill. 160.) Here the expression \u201cwhatever is left\u201d can, in our opinion, be given another reasonable meaning. After creating a life estate the will provides the life tenant, as executor, shall pay all the debts and obligations the testatrix may have incurred, including the expense of her last sickness and death. She also directs the payment of $100 to a certain society for the saying of masses. The amount of such payments was uncertain, and they^would undoubtedly result in a diminution of the corpus)of the estate. She then gave to her nephews \u201cwhateverTITleft.\u201d The reasonable meaning of this expression, as used here, is that she meant \u201cwhatever is left\u201d after the specified payments had been made and after her brother had enjoyed the use of and returns from her property during his life. She might also have foreseen that some of the assets would be destroyed or diminished in value through insolvency of the corporations, banks or the maker of the note, or in some other manner. We cannot agree that the creation of a power of disposal of the corpus is the only reasonable meaning that can be given to this expression. There is, in the will before us, no provision, either preceding or following the words \u201cwhatever is left,\u201d which indicates any purpose of the testatrix to vest Charles L. Quigley with a power of sale or disposal. There is here no doubtful power of sale which can be made a certain one by a consideration of \u00b1bese words in the will. Thompson v. Adams, supra. 1 f\n\u00a1JiJs further argued that the will, when read in the light of the surrounding circumstances, including the nature of the property and the relationship of the parties, shows an intention to create a power of disposal of the corpus. The substance of this argument in regard to the circumstances is that the testatrix had lived with Charles for the last seven years of her life, the income from the estate was small and her relations with the nephews were strained, so that she did not intend to give Charles merely a life estate and the corpus to the nephews. Much of the evidence on which this argument is based is not convincing. The only evidence which might indicate the existence of a strained relation between the testatrix and appellees is the testimony of the woman who had been housekeeper for the testatrix and Charles for three and one-half years immediately preceding testatrix\u2019s death, that testatrix and appellees had not visited each other during that time. She could not possibly have known of all the visits made by or to testatrix. Moreover, shortly before making her will, the testatrix loaned appellee Vernon J. Quigley, $1410, and gave him a larger share of the remainder than any of the other remainder-men. The only evidence as to the income from the estate is the bare statement of Charles that the first year the income was $500. If this be true, it is of little significance. The financial condition of Charles or of the nephews is not shown. It is true that the testatrix lived with Charles for seven years prior to her death, but it is not shown that he supported her. The housekeeper testified she was paid by the testatrix. There was testimony that the testatrix had made statements that she wanted to leave everything to Charles. This evidence was clearly incompetent, for statements of the testatrix, either before or after the making of the will, cannot be received to prove what she intended by the written words of the will. (Peet v. Peet, 229 Ill. 341.) The chancellor reserved his ruling on the competency of this testimony and, in announcing his decision, stated he had reached his conclusion without considering it, and had arrived at the same conclusion by considering the entire record. This testimony should have been disregarded, but we would not reverse the cause on this ground, alone, inasmuch as the chancellor reached the same result from a study of only the competent evidenceTj\nIt is argued by appellees that the character of the testatrix\u2019s property is such that unless the power of disposal is granted, the life tenant can receive but little benefit from the estate. In support of this contention the life tenant says that $500 was cash in bank, upon which no interest is being paid, and that it is absurd to think that the testatrix would want him to keep the money on deposit during his entire life just for the benefit of the remaindermen. One or two other items of property are also mentioned in this category. The contention of the life tenant is predicated upon an erroneous view of the law. It is well settled that a gift of the use of money to a life tenant is a gift of interest and not of the corpus. A life tenant has, under proper restrictions, the right to invest and reinvest money or its equivalent in order that his bequest may be made remunerative. It would be idle to say that he must leave such assets dormant. The executor or trustee, as the case may be, is bound to invest the money for the benefit of the usee. If the life tenant desires to have possession of the property he may do so under such reasonable restrictions as the courts may impose. The matter of requiring security is now, ordinarily, one of discretion with the court having jurisdiction over the property. 17 R. C. L. \u201cLife Estates,\u201d sec. 17, p. 626, et seq; 21 Corpus Juris \u201cEstates,\u201d sec. 245, p. 1040; Scott v. Scott, 137 Iowa, 239, 23 L. R. A. (N. S.) 716, and annotations thereto; Welsch v. Belleville Savings Bank, supra.\nAfter considering the entire will and all the competent evidence of the surrounding circumstances, we conclude the will created only a life estate in Charles L. Quigley, with a remainder to appellants.\nThe decree is reversed and the cause is remanded to the circuit court, with directions to enter a decree in conformity with the views herein expressed.\nReversed and remanded, with directions.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Mr. Justice Jones"
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Austin E. Torney, (Harry F. Brewer, of counsel,) for appellants.",
      "Crapple & Crapple, (Hermann P. Haase, of counsel,) for appe1lees."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "(No. 24705.\nWilliam J. Quigley et al. Appellants, vs. Charles L. Quigley et al. Appellees.\nOpinion filed December 15, 1938.\nAustin E. Torney, (Harry F. Brewer, of counsel,) for appellants.\nCrapple & Crapple, (Hermann P. Haase, of counsel,) for appe1lees."
  },
  "file_name": "0151-01",
  "first_page_order": 151,
  "last_page_order": 156
}