{ "id": 2548302, "name": "Charles Fleshner et al. Appellees, vs. Paul Fleshner et al. - (Edna Young, Appellant.)", "name_abbreviation": "Fleshner v. Fleshner", "decision_date": "1941-11-24", "docket_number": "No. 26366", "first_page": "536", "last_page": "543", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "378 Ill. 536" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill.", "id": 8772, "name": "Illinois Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "364 Ill. 434", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2586443 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/364/0434-01" ] }, { "cite": "320 Ill. 31", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5162482 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/320/0031-01" ] }, { "cite": "146 Ill. 9", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 3066507 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/146/0009-01" ] }, { "cite": "272 Ill. 428", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 4830820 ], "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "502" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/272/0428-01" ] }, { "cite": "366 Ill. 294", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2579424 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/366/0294-01" ] }, { "cite": "266 Ill. 11", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 4785324 ], "weight": 4, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/266/0011-01" ] }, { "cite": "314 Ill. 213", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5130778 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/314/0213-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 571, "char_count": 12416, "ocr_confidence": 0.775, "pagerank": { "raw": 2.2611230431319072e-07, "percentile": 0.7826440846551286 }, "sha256": "946dde798617854a31202c2bf61bebeb6030c04cc84756d6870d160413c6d3fc", "simhash": "1:03e4e44e1405a437", "word_count": 2179 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:19:47.428479+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "Charles Fleshner et al. Appellees, vs. Paul Fleshner et al. \u2014 (Edna Young, Appellant.)" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Mr. Justice Stone\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nAppellee Charles Fleshner, filed a suit in the circuit court of Moultrie county to partition certain lands devised by the last will and testament of Thomas F. Fleshner, deceased. Charles Fleshner is his son. Thomas F. Fleshner died on June 5, 1922, leaving as his only heirs-at-law his widow and seven children. Appellee the National Bank of Mattoon, was made a defendant as claiming some interest in the land, and it filed its cross-complaint alleging that by mesne conveyances it is the owner of that share of the land devised to the appellant, Edna Young.\nThe part of the will of Thomas F. Fleshner important to the inquiry in this case, is the second clause thereof, which reads as follows: \u201cSecond: After the payment of such funeral expenses and debts, I give, devise and bequeath all of my property of every description, wherever situated to my beloved wife, Cena Fleshner, to have and to hold for and during her natural life. After the death of my wife, Cena Fleshner, I give, devise and bequeath, share and share alike, to my beloved children, namely, Charles Fleshner, Edna Young,' Lelah Kees, Mary Philpott, Mabel Fleshner, Elmer Fleshner and Paul Fleshner, or the surviving heirs of their body, the residue of my estate.\u201d\nThe life tenant, Cena Fleshner, died October 21, 1939. Further facts on which this suit is based are that the appellant Edna Young was adjudicated a bankrupt on June 9, 1936, and scheduled among her assets an undivided one-seventh interest in the lands involved in this suit, devised to her by her father. On petition, the trustee in bankruptcy was empowered to convey and he did convey appellant\u2019s undivided one-seventh interest in and to the premises to one Ownby, who, in turn, conveyed the same to the appellee bank.\nThe chancellor, on hearing, entered a decree in accordance with the prayer of the cross-complaint of the bank, and Edna Young brings the cause here for review contending that she took but a contingent remainder under the will of her father and that at the time she was adjudicated a bankrupt her interest was still contingent and so nothing passed to the trustee or by his subsequent deed to Ownby; that upon the death of her mother, the life tenant, she became seized in fee of an undivided one-seventh interest, and that she is entitled to have that interest so declared in this proceeding. On the other hand, the appellee bank contends, and the chancellor so found, that appellant became seized of a vested remainder in the real estate on the death of the testator, which passed by the deed of the trustee in bankruptcy. It is also argued by the bank that even though appellant\u2019s interest be contingent, it passed to the trustee in bankruptcy and from him by mesne conveyances to the bank. The question whether Edna Young, by the second clause of the will, took a vested or a contingent interest, is the first point to be considered.\nThe rules' governing the determination of this issue have frequently been announced by this court. Section 13 of the. Conveyances act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1939, chap. 30, par. 12,) provides that every estate in lands which shall be devised, although words formerly necessary to transfer an estate of inheritance be not added, shall be deemed a fee simple estate of inheritance, if a less estate be not limited by express words, or do not appear to have been devised by construction or operation of law. It is a rule applicable to the construction of wills that the law favors the vesting of estates, and a remainder vested according to the legal meaning of the words of the devise is not to be held contingent by virtue of subsequent provisions of the will unless those provisions necessarily require it. Baley v. Strahan, 314 Ill. 213; Pingrey v. Rulon, 246 id. 109.\nIn Lachenmyer v. Gehlbach, 266 Ill. 11, this court said: \u201cIf any estate, be it ever so small, is always ready, from its commencement to its end, to come into possession the moment the prior estates, be they what they may, happen to determine, it is then a vested remainder and recognized in law as an estate grantable by deed. It would be an estate in possession were it not that other estates have a prior claim; and their priority alone postpones, or may perhaps entirely prevent, possession being taken by the remainder-man. The gift is immediate, but the enjoyment must necessarily depend on the determination of the estates of those who have a prior right to the possession.\u201d\nThe rule as stated in Gray\u2019s Rule Against Perpetuities, section 108, and frequently announced by this court, is as follows: \u201cIf the conditional element is incorporated into the description of, or into the gift to, the remainder-men, then the remainder is contingent; but if, after words giving a vested interest, a clause is added divesting it, the remainder is vested.\u201d\nA pertinent application of this rule would be in a case of a devise to A for life, remainder to his children; but if any child dies during the lifetime of A, his share to go to those who survive, the share of each child is vested subject to being divested by its death. But if the devise be to A for life, remainder to such of his children as survive him, the \u25a0 remainder is contingent. Riddle v. Killian, 366 Ill. 294; Lachenmyer v. Gehlbach, supra; Smith v. Chester, 272 Ill. 428; Brechbeller v. Wilson, 228 id. 502.\nAppellant argues that by the words of the second paragraph \u201cafter the death of my wife,\u201d the testator intended to postpone the vesting of any remainder to that time for the reason that the will expressly grants a life estate and does not make a devise subject to such life estate. It is also argued that since the testator devised the remainder to individuals described as his children, but not as all his children, and did not devise to his children and their heirs, but to them \u201cor the surviving heirs of their body\u201d the following contingencies arise affecting the vesting of the remainders : (1) It is unknown which, if any, of the named children will take until after the widow\u2019s death, since one or all of them may predecease her, and (2) no one knows until the termination of the life estate whether some may have died and left issues of their body, or what the number of such issue will be. Appellant\u2019s counsel cite Riddle v. Killian, supra, as supporting this contention. In that case the will provided that on the death of the wife the property should go to the son William \u201cwith this express condition, namely: That he shall not sell nor convey the same during his lifetime, but he may during his lifetime, and after the death of my said wife, make such conveyance of the same as he may desire; said conveyance, however, not to take effect until after the death of the said William A. Killian.\u201d In that case it was held that words \u201cat the death of my beloved wife,\u201d when construed with subsequent language of the will which cut down the estate devised, indicated an intent to postpone the vesting of the remainder-man\u2019s interest, and under the cardinal rule of construction of wills that the intention of the testator is to be carried out, where to do so does not contravene some settled rule of law, it was held that the remainders were contingent. It is clear that the language used in the will in that case limited the ultimate estate to be taken by the son William to something less than a fee simple estate.\nIn the case before us there is no later language in the will cutting down the estate granted and no charge made upon the interests devised to the remainder-men. The words \u201cafter the death of my wife,\u201d of themselves, do not postpone the vesting of the estate in remainder. Such words, unaccompanied by other controlling language, have been held by this court to mean that the distribution or the enjoyment in possession of the lands granted is to be postponed to let in the life estate, but the remainders created are vested, and that such words as \u201cafter the death of my wife\u201d relate to the time of enjoyment and not to the time of vesting. Baley v. Strahan, supra; Lachenmyer v. Gehlbach, supra; Ducker v. Burnham, 146 Ill. 9.\nAppellant cites Shaffenacker v. Beil, 320 Ill. 31, and People v. Byrd, 253 id. 223, as applicable to the will in this case. In those cases, however, the will contained later words of condition following the devise of the remainders. In the Shaffenacker case the words were \u201con condition that they be living at the death of the widow,\u201d and in the Byrd case \u201cif they be living at her death.\u201d These words clearly show a contingency which must be met before the vesting of the estate. No such words appear here.\nThe fact that the remainder-man may die before the life tenant and the remainder never become vested in possession, is not a test of whether the remainder is vested or contingent. It'is not the uncertainty of the devise taking effect in possession that makes the remainder contingent, for that may occur in any case of remainder, but the test is whether there is a present capacity to take effect in possession, if the life tenant dies or fot any reason the life possession becomes vacant, which universally distinguishes a vested remainder from one that is contingent. (Lachenmyer v. Gehlbach, supra.) As often announced by this court, a contingent remainder is an estate limited to take effect either to dubious and uncertain persons, or upon a dubious and uncertain event. Carter v. Lewis, 364 Ill. 434; Golladay v. Knock, 235 id. 412; Thompson v. Adams, 205 id. 552.\nIn the case before us, upon the death of the testator, which is the time from which the will speaks, the remainder devised to Edna Young would have come into possession immediately upon the termination of the life estate, and though she had died before the life tenant and thus never enjoyed actual possession, the estate devised to her was none the less vested, and in case of her death before that of the life tenant, it would have passed, under the terms of this will, to the heirs of her body.\nIt is argued that the language of the second clause of this will \u201cor the surviving heirs of their body the residue of my estate,\u201d creates a contingency which delays the vesting of remainders until the death of the life tenant because until that time it cannot be determined who are the heirs of the body of the testator\u2019s children. It was the evident intent of the testator, by the use of that language, to declare that if one of his children died during the lifetime of the life tenant, the heirs of the body of such child should take such child\u2019s share. While this clause was inartifically drawn and the use of the word \u201cor\u201d inappropriate, the construction contended for would result in an attempted devise to the testator\u2019s children \u201cor\u201d to the heirs of their body as separate and distinct persons. Such a devise would be void for indefiniteness and the property would descend to the heirs-at-law of Thomas F. Fleshner. (Smith v. Chester, supra.) Not only would this be of no assistance to the appellant\u2019s claim but would run counter to the rule that wills shall be construed to vest all created interests as soon as possible. A different construction would likewise run counter to the presumption that the testator intended to dispose of his entire estate and not to die intestate as to any of it.\nWe are of the opinion that this will indicates an intention on the part of the testator to postpone the enjoyment of the devise to his children until the death of his widow, and if one of his children die before the life tenant, that child\u2019s interest pass to the surviving heirs of his or her body, and that the remainders created by the will are vested remainders. It follows that appellant\u2019s interest was subject to grant; that it was taken by the trustee in bankruptcy by operation of law and by mesne conveyances became vested in the appellee bank. The chancellor did not err in so holding. As this disposes of the suit, it is unnecessary to consider other questions raised.\nThe decree of the circuit court is affirmed.\nDecree affirmed.", "type": "majority", "author": "Mr. Justice Stone" } ], "attorneys": [ "Harry I. Hannah, and Thomas R. Eigenbaum, for appellant.", "H. Ogden Brainard, for appellee The National Bank of Mattoon; Kiger & Dilsaver, (George N. Girkerson, of counsel,) for appellee Charles Fleshner." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "(No. 26366.\nCharles Fleshner et al. Appellees, vs. Paul Fleshner et al. \u2014 (Edna Young, Appellant.)\nOpinion filed Nov. 24, 1941\nRehearing denied January 15, 1942.\nHarry I. Hannah, and Thomas R. Eigenbaum, for appellant.\nH. Ogden Brainard, for appellee The National Bank of Mattoon; Kiger & Dilsaver, (George N. Girkerson, of counsel,) for appellee Charles Fleshner." }, "file_name": "0536-01", "first_page_order": 536, "last_page_order": 543 }