{ "id": 8527322, "name": "TERESA D. EVANS, Administratrix of the Estate of BARRY STEVEN POSEY v. NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF CRIME CONTROL AND PUBLIC SAFETY, DIVISION OF VICTIM AND JUSTICE SERVICES, CRIME VICTIMS COMPENSATION COMMISSION", "name_abbreviation": "Evans v. North Carolina Department of Crime Control & Public Safety", "decision_date": "1990-12-18", "docket_number": "No. 9010SC301", "first_page": "108", "last_page": "118", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "101 N.C. App. 108" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "20 ALR4th 63", "category": "reporters:specialty", "reporter": "A.L.R. 4th", "weight": 4, "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "322 S.E.2d 164", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "172" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "312 N.C. 181", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4751791 ], "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "193" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/312/0181-01" ] }, { "cite": "311 S.E.2d 559", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "565", "parenthetical": "emphasis added" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "310 N.C. 227", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2402972 ], "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "233", "parenthetical": "emphasis added" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/310/0227-01" ] }, { "cite": "269 S.E.2d 706", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "708" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "48 N.C. App. 719", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8553080 ], "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "721" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/48/0719-01" ] }, { "cite": "293 S.E.2d 171", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "176" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "306 N.C. 231", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8568091 ], "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "238" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/306/0231-01" ] }, { "cite": "362 S.E.2d 294", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "296" }, { "page": "296" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "87 N.C. App. 637", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8358977 ], "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "639" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/87/0637-01" ] }, { "cite": "381 S.E.2d 815", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "817" }, { "page": "817" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "95 N.C. App. 151", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8519810 ], "year": 1989, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/95/0151-01" ] }, { "cite": "269 S.E.2d 547", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1980, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "300 N.C. 381", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8562647 ], "year": 1980, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/300/0381-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 884, "char_count": 21211, "ocr_confidence": 0.785, "pagerank": { "raw": 2.418759607007792e-07, "percentile": 0.8007964943129889 }, "sha256": "b5229658ec194e587738977a4ce1a050ef1b562317413988ea0b916543ee7f0c", "simhash": "1:85b3071af4dc055e", "word_count": 3434 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T19:54:53.681770+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Judges ORR and DUNCAN concur.", "Judge DUNCAN concurred in this opinion prior to 30 November 1990." ], "parties": [ "TERESA D. EVANS, Administratrix of the Estate of BARRY STEVEN POSEY v. NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF CRIME CONTROL AND PUBLIC SAFETY, DIVISION OF VICTIM AND JUSTICE SERVICES, CRIME VICTIMS COMPENSATION COMMISSION" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "GREENE, Judge.\nThe petitioner appeals from a judgment filed in Wake County Superior Court on 18 January 1990, affirming a final determination of the North Carolina Crime Victims Compensation Commission (Commission) which denied compensation to the petitioner for injuries suffered by one Barry Steven Posey, a crime victim.\nBarry Steven Posey originally filed a claim for compensation on 17 November 1987. Subsequently, Posey was killed in an incident unrelated to this case. Following his death, Posey\u2019s estate was substituted as claimant and his sister, Teresa D. Evans, was named administratrix of the estate. On 15 July 1988, the Director of the Crime Victims Compensation Commission entered a recommendation that the Commission allow compensation in the amount of $11,157.94. On 2 August 1988, the Commission entered its determination that \u201c[n]ot withstanding the recommendation of the Director, by unanimous vote of the members claimant\u2019s claim for compensation is disallowed.\u201d\nThe petitioner then filed a petition for a contested case and the matter was heard by an Administrative Law Judge. The Administrative Law Judge entered the following findings of fact and conclusions of law:\nFindings of Fact\n1. The Petitioner-claimant in this case is the estate of Barry Steven Posey, Teresa D. Evans, Administratrix.\n2. Respondent has the authority and responsibility under North Carolina General Statutes Chapter 15B, the [\u201c]North Carolina Crime Victims Compensation Act,\u201d to administer the Act in North Carolina, including the investigation and award or denial of claims.\n3. Barry Steven Posey was an interstate truck driver. On October 15, 1987 he completed a delivery in Monroe, North Carolina and received permission to proceed to a truck stop in Charlotte for diesel fuel and to await further instructions.\n4. While awaiting further instructions from his dispatcher, Barry S. Posey met another driver and his wife and went with them to Kiker\u2019s Bar on Freedom Drive in Charlotte to drink beer and play pool.\n5. Upon arriving at Kiker\u2019s Bar Barry S. Posey met two women in the parking lot as the women were parking their car.\n6. The two women, identified as Sandy and Bonanita, invited Barry S. Posey to sit at a table with them and to play pool.\n7. Barry S. Posey and the two women each were consuming beer in the bar.\n8. While sitting with the two women, Bonanita offered to show and did show Barry S. Posey a tattoo on her right shoulder blade. Sandy asked Barry S. Posey if he would like to go dancing with the two women after they played pool. Barry S. Posey accepted the offer with the understanding that the women would transport him to the proposed location for dancing and afterward return him to his truck at the truck stop.\n9. After playing some pool, Barry S. Posey asked to see Bonanita\u2019s tattoo again. She showed him the tattoo again as well as another one located on her left shoulder blade.\n10. Sandy, Bonanita, and Barry S. Posey left Kiker\u2019s Bar with Barry S. Posey sitting in the middle and with Sandy driving.\n11. Sandy produced a partially filled bottle of Jim Beam liquor from which she drank before passing it to Barry S. Posey who also drank from it and passed it on to Bonanita.\n12. Sandy was weaving as she drove. Bonanita and Barry S. Posey both asked Sandy to let someone else drive but she refused.\n13. Sandy proceeded along Freedom Drive in Charlotte and pulled into an empty parking lot. Barry S. Posey stated that \u201cit\u2019s closed\u201d, to which Sandy replied, \u201cyea it is.\u201d\n14. The three of them got out of the car in the empty parking lot. Bonanita disappeared from Barry S. Posey\u2019s view. Sandy came around the front of the car, turned to her right and stabbed Barry S. Posey in the stomach.\n15. Barry S. Posey ran into the woods off the empty parking lot after being stabbed and, after falling down, crawled and hid in a wooded area adjacent to the parking lot.\n16. After a period of time the car drove off and Barry S. Posey lay still. The car returned and someone called out \u201cBarry\u201d in a low voice and then drove off.\n17. After waiting for a while, Barry S. Posey .crawled out of the woods and yelled for help.\n18. A nearby resident heard Barry S. Posey\u2019s calls for help and summoned police and emergency medical personnel.\n19. Barry S. Posey was transported to Charlotte Memorial Hospital and treated for the stab wound. The following costs were incurred:\nCharlotte Memorial Hospital $ 8,547.60\nCharlotte Memorial Hospital 1,584.84\nCharlotte Radiology 51.00\nSoutheast Anesthesia 756.00\nCharlotte-Mecklenburg Health Services 61.00\nMecklenburg County Ambulance 157.50\nTOTAL $11,157.94\n20. Barry S. Posey filed a claim for compensation under G.S. Chapter 15B on November 17, 1987. He recovered from his injury and and [sic] returned to his employment. On May 16, 1988 Barry S. Posey was killed in a motor vehicle accident in York, Pennsylvania while in the course of his employment.\n21. Barry S. Posey was divorced and left no dependents. His sister, Teresa D. Evans, was named administratrix of his estate.\n22. Barry S. Posey fully cooperated with law enforcement and Respondent in the investigation of this matter.\n23. Barry S. Posey made the following payments against expenses before his death:\nCharlotte Memorial Hospital $ 550.00\nCharlotte Radiology 51.00\nSouthwest Anesthesia 756.00\nCharlotte-Mecklenburg Health Services 61.00\nMecklenburg County Ambulance 157.50\n$1,575.50 TOTAL\n24. Claimant has no source of reimbursement from any collateral source of benefits for the remaining economic loss.\n25. Respondent\u2019s Director Robert A. Hassell has certified that claimant has no collateral source for compensation in connection with this case.\n26. G.S. 15B-11 lists grounds for denial of a claim for compensation or for reduction of an award. None of the grounds for denial or reduction of award are present in this case.\n27. G.S. 15B-10(d) requires the Commission Director, in this case Robert A. Hassell, to \u201csend each claimant a written statement of a decision made under subsection (a) or (b) (of G.S. 15B-10) that gives the reasons for the decision.\u201d No written statement containing the reasons for the decision of the Commission in this case was sent to claimant Barry S. Posey or to his estate, Teresa D. Evans, Administratrix.\nConclusions of Law\n1. The parties are properly before the Office of Administrative Hearings.\n2. Criminally injurious conduct is defined in G.S. 15B(5) which provides, in pertinent part:\n\u201c(c)riminally injurious conduct\u201d means conduct that occurs or is attempted in this State which by its nature poses a substantial threat of personal injury or death, and is punishable by fine or imprisonment or death or would be so punishable but for the fact that the person engaging in the conduct lacked capacity to commit the crime under the laws of this State . . . .\u201d\n3. The stabbing which Barry S. Posey suffered on the night of October 15, 1987 in Charlotte, North Carolina was criminally injurious conduct because it resulted in serious bodily injury and is conduct punishable by a fine and imprisonment under G.S. Chapter 14.\n4. G.S. 15B-4, regarding awards of compensation, provides that \u201ccompensation for criminally injurious conduct shall be awarded to a claimant if substantial evidence establishes that the requirements for an award have been met.\u201d\n5. Substantial evidence is defined in G. S. 15B-2(12a) as \u201crelevant evidence that a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.\u201d\n6. The substantial evidence in this contested case establishes that Barry Steven Posey was a victim of criminally inr jurious conduct within this State on October 15, 1987 and is not disqualified under any of the conditions stated in G.S. 15B-11. His estate, Teresa D. Evans, Administratrix, is entitled to an award in the amount of $11,157.94 as sought in his petition and found appropriate by Commission Director Robert A. Hassell.\n7. The decision of the Commission to deny compensation to claimant in this case is defective for two reasons.\n1. the Commission failed to use proper procedure within the meaning of G.S. 150B-23(a)(3) when its Director failed to give claimant written reasons under G.S. 15B-ll(d) for its decision to deny compensation and,\n2. the Commission\u2019s decision denying compensation is not supported by any evidence and is arbitrary and capricious within the meaning of G.S. 150B-23(a)(4) as' described by the North Carolina Supreme Court in Commissioner of Insurance v. Rate Bureau, because the decision does not show any reasoned decision making or careful consideration of the facts and the law in this case. 300 N.C. 381, 269 S.E.2d 547 (1980).\nBased, upon these findings of fact and conclusions of law, the Administrative Law Judge recommended to the Commission that it \u201creverse its earlier decision denying compensation to the estate of Barry Steven Posey and that the Commission award the sum of $11,157.94 to the estate of Barry Steven Posey, Teresa D. Evans, Administratrix.\u201d\nThe Commission declined to adopt the Administrative Law Judge\u2019s finding of fact number 27, and conclusions of law number 6 and number 7. The Commission concluded as follows:\n6. Based upon the findings of fact of the Administrative Law Judge, the actions of the deceased, Barry Steven Posey, in picking up two women at a bar and leaving with them, as well as the facts and circumstances under which the criminally injurious conduct occurred, establishes that the deceased engaged in contributory misconduct which directly resulted in the injuries he suffered and the claim of his estate is, therefore, disqualified under the provisions of G.S. 15B-ll(b). This conclusion is consistent with other determinations of this Commission.\nThe petitioner appealed the Commission\u2019s decision to the Superior Court, which affirmed the Commission\u2019s final determination.\nThe dispositive issue is whether the Commission\u2019s final conclusion that Barry Steven Posey engaged in contributory misconduct is supported by substantial evidence.\nThe North Carolina Crime Victims Compensation Act is set out in Chapter 15B of the North Carolina General Statutes. In this case, the petitioner\u2019s claim for compensation was denied pursuant to a provision of the Act which provides that \u201c[a] claim may be denied and an award of compensation may be reduced upon finding contributory misconduct by the claimant or a victim through whom he claims.\u201d N.C.G.S. \u00a7 15B-ll(b) (1987).\nThe scope of review of a decision of an administrative agency is governed by the Administrative Procedure Act set out in Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General Statutes. Walls & Marshall Fuel Co. v. N.C. Dept. of Revenue, 95 N.C. App. 151, 381 S.E.2d 815 (1989). Under the act, this Court may \u201creverse or modify\u201d the agency\u2019s decision only if:\nthe substantial rights of the petitioners may have been prejudiced because the agency\u2019s findings, inferences, conclusions, or decisions are:\n(1) In violation of constitutional provisions;\n(2) In excess of the statutory authority or jurisdiction of the agency;\n(3) Made upon unlawful procedure;\n(4) Affected by other error of law;\n(5) Unsupported by substantial evidence admissible under G.S. 150B-29(a), 150B-30, or 150B-31 in view of the entire record as submitted; or\n(6) Arbitrary or capricious.\nN.C.G.S. \u00a7 150B-51(b) (1987). \u201c \u2018Review in this court is further limited to the exceptions and assignments of error set forth to the order of the superior court\u2019 and by the arguments made in brief.\u201d Walls at 154, 381 S.E.2d at 817 (quoting Watson v. N.C. Real Estate Comm., 87 N.C. App. 637, 639, 362 S.E.2d 294, 296 (1987)). The petitioner asserts that the Commission\u2019s decision to deny compensation based on a conclusion that Posey engaged in contributory misconduct is (1) not supported by substantial evidence, (2) arbitrary and capricious, and (3) erroneous as a matter of law. However, the essential argument in the petitioner\u2019s brief is that the Commission\u2019s decision is not supported by substantial evidence, and we address only that issue.\nIn applying N.C.G.S. \u00a7 150B-51(b)(5), the Court employs the \u201cwhole record\u201d test to determine whether the Commission\u2019s conclusions are supported by substantial evidence. Walls at 154, 381 S.E.2d at 817.\nThe \u2018whole record\u2019 test does not permit the reviewing court to substitute its judgment for the agency\u2019s as between two reasonably conflicting views; however, it does require the court to take into account both the evidence justifying the agency\u2019s decision and the contradictory evidence from which a different result could be reached .... \u2018Substantial evidence is such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.\u2019 ... It is more than a scintilla or a permissible inference.\nWatson at 639, 362 S.E.2d at 296 (quoting Lacky v. N.C. Dept. of Human Resources, 306 N.C. 231, 238, 293 S.E.2d 171, 176 (1982)). Since there is no dispute as to the facts in this case, the question before us is whether the Commission\u2019s findings constitute substantial evidence that Posey engaged in \u201ccontributory misconduct\u201d as that term is used under N.C.G.S. \u00a7 15B-ll(b). We conclude that it does not.\nThe question of what constitutes \u201ccontributory misconduct\u201d is one of first impression for this Court. In determining the legislative intent behind the use of these words, we are guided by a 1989 amendment to the North Carolina Crime Victims Compensation Act which provides that \u201c[t]he Commission shall follow the rules of liability applicable to civil tort law in North Carolina.\u201d N.C.G.S. \u00a7 15B-4(a) (1990).\nThe legislature authorized the Commission to reduce or deny a claim for compensation where \u201cmisconduct\u201d on the part of an injured claimant in some way contributed to the claimant\u2019s injury. Consistent with principles of tort law, in order for claimant\u2019s misconduct to be contributory it must combine with criminal action on the part of another to become a \u201creal, efficient and proximate cause of the injury.\u201d Crouse v. Woodruff, 48 N.C. App. 719, 721, 269 S.E.2d 706, 708 (1980). This Court has defined proximate cause as\na cause which in natural and continuous sequence, unbroken by any new and independent cause, produced the plaintiff\u2019s injuries, and without which the injuries would not have occurred, and one from which a person of ordinary prudence could have reasonably foreseen that such a result, or consequences of a generally injurious nature, was probable under all the facts as they existed.\nHairston v. Alexander Tank & Equipment Co., 310 N.C. 227, 233, 311 S.E.2d 559, 565 (1984) (emphasis added). \u201cThe test of foreseeability as an element of proximate cause does not require that the actor should have been able to foresee the injury in the precise manner in which it actually occurred.\u201d Adams v. Mills, 312 N.C. 181, 193, 322 S.E.2d 164, 172 (1984). Neither does the actor need to foresee the events which are merely possible, but only those which are reasonably foreseeable. Id.\nTherefore, where a claimant\u2019s injuries are a direct result of the criminally injurious conduct of another, the claimant\u2019s own misconduct must have been a proximate cause of those injuries in order for the Commission to deny or reduce a claim under the statute.\nMisconduct is defined as folio,ws:\nA transgression of some established and definite rule of action, a forbidden act, a dereliction from duty, unlawful behavior, willful in character, improper or wrong behavior. . . .\nBlack\u2019s Dictionary 901 (5th edition 1979). While misconduct includes unlawful conduct as a matter of law, it may be something less than unlawful conduct, though more than an act done in poor taste. .Misconduct requires some deviation from the accepted norm or standard of proper behavior. Accordingly, the conduct of the claimant is misconduct if it is not within the accepted norm or standard of proper behavior, which includes unlawful conduct. Consistent with principles of tort law, the test for determining accepted norms and proper behavior is best determined by use of a reasonable man standard or what a reasonable person would have done under similar and like circumstances.\nAccordingly, if there is in the record substantial evidence that a person of ordinary prudence would have reasonably foreseen that the conduct in question would lead to an injurious result, and if this conduct was unlawful or if it breached the standard of conduct acceptable to a reasonable person, the Commission should be affirmed in denying or reducing claimant\u2019s benefits. If there is not substantial evidence in the record to support such conclusions, any order of the Commission reducing or barring claimant\u2019s recovery under the Act must be reversed.\nHere we do not find substantial evidence in the record to support the conclusion of the Commission that the claimant engaged in contributory misconduct.\nThe Commission\u2019s findings indicate that Posey left a bar with two women, one of whom had two tattoos on her back, under the assumption that they were going dancing at another bar. The record contains no substantial evidence to support a conclusion that Posey\u2019s injuries were reasonably foreseeable in light of his conduct. The Commission argues that it could rightfully conclude under the circumstances that Posey had solicited for purposes of prostitution, and that it is logical to assume there was a dispute over the price or when payment was to be made, leading to an assault on Posey and an attempted robbery. The record indicates no such conclusion on the part of the Commission, nor is there any evidence, much less any substantial evidence, to support the scenario suggested by the Commission. Accordingly, we find that the Commission erred by denying compensation to the petitioner.\nReversed and remanded.\nJudges ORR and DUNCAN concur.\nJudge DUNCAN concurred in this opinion prior to 30 November 1990.", "type": "majority", "author": "GREENE, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Bode, Call & Green, by S. Todd Hemphill, for petitioner-appellant.", "Lacy H. Thornburg, Attorney General, by Isaac T. Avery, III, Special Deputy Attorney General, and Linda Anne Morris, Assistant Attorney General, for the State." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "TERESA D. EVANS, Administratrix of the Estate of BARRY STEVEN POSEY v. NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF CRIME CONTROL AND PUBLIC SAFETY, DIVISION OF VICTIM AND JUSTICE SERVICES, CRIME VICTIMS COMPENSATION COMMISSION\nNo. 9010SC301\n(Filed 18 December 1990)\n1. Criminal Law \u00a7 1666 (NCI4th> \u2014 crime victim compensation\u2014 misconduct of claimant \u2014 proximate cause\nWhere a crime victim compensation claimant\u2019s injuries are a direct result of the criminally injurious conduct of another, the claimant\u2019s own misconduct must have been a proximate cause of those injuries in order for the Crime Victims Compensation Commission to deny or reduce an award for those injuries under N.C.G.S. \u00a7 15B-ll(b).\nAm Jur 2d, Criminal Law \u00a7\u00a7 1052, 1053, 1056-1058.\nStatutes providing for governmental compensation for victims of crime. 20 ALR4th 63.\n2. Criminal Law \u00a7 1666 (NCI4th>\u2014 crime victim compensation\u2014 what constitutes misconduct \u2014 reasonable man standard\nThe conduct of a claimant is misconduct if it is not within the accepted norm or standard of proper behavior, which includes unlawful conduct, and the test for accepted norms and proper behavior is determined by use of a reasonable man standard or what a reasonable person would have done under similar or like circumstances.\nAm Jur 2d, Criminal Law \u00a7\u00a7 1052, 1053, 1056-1058.\nStatutes providing for governmental compensation for victims of crime. 20 ALR4th 63.\n3. Criminal Law \u00a7 1666 (NCI4th)\u2014 crime victim compensation\u2014 contributory misconduct \u2014 denial or reduction of award \u2014 appellate review\nThe Crime Victims Compensation Commission should be affirmed in denying or reducing a claimant\u2019s benefits for contributory misconduct if there is in the record substantial evidence that a person of ordinary prudence would have reasonably foreseen that the conduct in question would lead to an injurious result, and if this conduct was unlawful or breached the standard of conduct acceptable to a reasonable person. If there is not substantial evidence in the record to support such conclusions, any order of the Commission reducing or barring claimant\u2019s recovery must be reversed.\nAm Jur 2d, Criminal Law \u00a7\u00a7 1052, 1053, 1056-1058.\nStatutes providing for governmental compensation for victims of crime. 20 ALR4th 63.\n4. Criminal Law \u00a7 1666 (NCI4th)\u2014 crime victim compensation claim \u2014 denial for contributory misconduct \u2014 insufficient evidence\nA decision by the Crime Victims Compensation Commission denying compensation to a stabbing victim on the ground that he had engaged in \u201ccontributory misconduct\u201d was unsupported by substantial evidence where it was based upon findings that the victim left a bar with two women, one of whom had two tattoos on her back, under the assumption that they were going dancing at another bar, and that one of the women stabbed the victim after they had pulled into an empty parking lot.\nAm Jur 2d, Criminal Law \u00a7\u00a7 1052, 1053, 1056-1058.\nStatutes providing for governmental compensation for victims of crime. 20 ALR4th 63.\nAPPEAL by petitioner from judgment entered 17 January 1990 by Judge I. Beverly Lake, Jr. in WAKE County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 28 September 1990.\nBode, Call & Green, by S. Todd Hemphill, for petitioner-appellant.\nLacy H. Thornburg, Attorney General, by Isaac T. Avery, III, Special Deputy Attorney General, and Linda Anne Morris, Assistant Attorney General, for the State." }, "file_name": "0108-01", "first_page_order": 136, "last_page_order": 146 }