{ "id": 8528032, "name": "NORTH CAROLINA FARM BUREAU MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant v. LOUISE HOOKS STOX and GORDON OWENS, Defendants-Appellees", "name_abbreviation": "North Carolina Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance v. Stox", "decision_date": "1991-02-19", "docket_number": "No. 903SC516", "first_page": "671", "last_page": "676", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "101 N.C. App. 671" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "31 ALR4th 957", "category": "reporters:specialty", "reporter": "A.L.R. 4th", "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "247 S.E.2d 905", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1978, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "917" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "295 N.C. 559", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8566309 ], "year": 1978, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "581" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/295/0559-01" ] }, { "cite": "303 S.E.2d 214", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 4, "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "216" }, { "page": "217" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "62 N.C. App. 461", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8523150 ], "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "463" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/62/0461-01" ] }, { "cite": "394 S.E.2d 189", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1990, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "327 N.C. 145", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2496742, 2495818, 2494699, 2493974, 2494429 ], "year": 1990, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/327/0145-04", "/nc/327/0145-05", "/nc/327/0145-01", "/nc/327/0145-03", "/nc/327/0145-02" ] }, { "cite": "388 S.E.2d 191", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "195" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "97 N.C. App. 266", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8520387 ], "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "272" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/97/0266-01" ] }, { "cite": "281 S.E.2d 652", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1981, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "303 N.C. 315", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8573123, 8573162, 8573104, 8573175, 8573144 ], "year": 1981, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/303/0315-02", "/nc/303/0315-04", "/nc/303/0315-01", "/nc/303/0315-05", "/nc/303/0315-03" ] }, { "cite": "277 S.E.2d 473", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "475" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "51 N.C. App. 654", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 2643753 ], "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "657" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/51/0654-01" ] }, { "cite": "303 S.E.2d 214", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "62 N.C. App. 461", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8523150 ], "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/62/0461-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 519, "char_count": 9481, "ocr_confidence": 0.777, "pagerank": { "raw": 2.1227470414910805e-07, "percentile": 0.7647625402098732 }, "sha256": "032c9f86a542c9dea2df9e0f28ff16fa31cb643a154c18dd9960e36700ebb336", "simhash": "1:d56a374770ebfd76", "word_count": 1541 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T19:54:53.681770+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Judge Greene concurs.", "Judge Phillips dissents." ], "parties": [ "NORTH CAROLINA FARM BUREAU MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant v. LOUISE HOOKS STOX and GORDON OWENS, Defendants-Appellees" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "ORR, Judge.\nThe issue on appeal is whether the trial court erred in concluding that Owens\u2019 homeowners insurance policy provides coverage for the injury to Stox for which defendant Owens may become liable. Plaintiff first contends that the policy\u2019s exclusion of \u201cbodily injury . . . which is expected or intended by the insured\u201d does not cover liability for any injury in the present case. We agree.\nIn a declaratory judgment action, a trial court\u2019s \u201cfindings of fact are conclusive if supported by any competent evidence; and a judgment supported by such findings will be affirmed, even though there is evidence which might sustain findings to the contrary, and even though incompetent evidence may have been admitted.\u201d Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co. v. Allison, 51 N.C. App. 654, 657, 277 S.E.2d 473, 475, disc. review denied, 303 N.C. 315, 281 S.E.2d 652 (1981).\n\u201c[Exclusions of liability in insurance contracts are not favored and any ambiguities in exclusionary provisions must be construed in favor of the insured.\u201d Wilkins v. American Motorists Ins. Co., 97 N.C. App. 266, 272, 388 S.E.2d 191, 195, disc. review denied, 327 N.C. 145, 394 S.E.2d 189 (1990). \u201cThis principle cannot be invoked, however, to impose liability that is clearly excluded by unambiguous contract terms.\u201d Id.\nIn construing an almost identical clause in an insurance policy, this Court concluded that\n[t]here is no ambiguity in the sentence \u201c[This policy does not apply] to bodily injury or property damage which is either expected or intended from the standpoint of the insured.\u201d The sentence obviously means that the policy is excluding from coverage bodily injury caused by the insured\u2019s intentional acts, determining whether the act is intentional from the insured\u2019s point of view.\nCommercial Union Ins. Co. v. Mauldin, 62 N.C. App. 461, 463, 303 S.E.2d 214, 216 (1983).\n\u201cIf the meaning of the policy is clear and only one reasonable interpretation exists, the courts must enforce the contract as written; they may not, under the guise of construing an ambiguous term, rewrite the contract or impose liabilities on the parties not bargained for and found therein.\u201d Id.\nDefendant argues that Commercial Union is not controlling; however, we conclude otherwise. In Commercial Union, one of the defendants, Tommy Joe Wilmoth, entered a guilty plea to second-degree murder arising out of his firing a pistol into a car occupied by his wife and another person named Pugh. Wilmoth stipulated that he had intended to shoot his wife but not Pugh who was killed in the incident.\nOur Court, in an opinion authored by Chief Judge Vaughn, determined that insurance coverage did not apply since by virtue of Wilmoth\u2019s plea of guilty to second-degree murder the \u201cgeneral intent to do the act\u201d was present. Id. at 464, 303 S.E.2d at 217. The Court focused on the intent to do the act \u2014 in that case firing a pistol into the occupied car. It was pointed out in a quote from an opinion of our Supreme Court that \u201c[sjuch an act will always be accompanied by the general intent to do the act itself but it need not be accompanied by a specific intent to accomplish any particular purpose or do any particular thing.\u201d Id. (quoting State v. Wilkerson, 295 N.C. 559, 581, 247 S.E.2d 905, 917 (1978).\nIn the case sub judice, the trial court found that Owens \u201cintentionally pushed Louise Stox,\u201d and the trial court\u2019s findings are supported by competent evidence. While there might well have been no specific intent to injure her, the focus must be on the intentional act not the resulting consequence. Bodily injury occurred because of the intentional act of pushing Stox, and therefore the policy language excludes coverage. The other assignments of error raised by the plaintiff need not be addressed as the judgment of the trial court is reversed.\nReversed.\nJudge Greene concurs.\nJudge Phillips dissents.", "type": "majority", "author": "ORR, Judge." }, { "text": "Judge Phillips\ndissenting.\nIn focusing upon the intentional nature of the push that the insured Owens gave Stox the majority overlooks the other policy requisite for the exclusion involved \u2014 that the injury was \u201cexpected or intended by the insured.\u201d I think the trial judge correctly ruled that the exclusion does not apply since the record does not show that Owens either expected or intended Stox to be injured. The holding in Commercial Union Insurance Co. v. Mauldin, 62 N.C. App. 461, 303 S.E.2d 214 (1983) \u2014 that intentionally firing a pistol into an occupied car established that the resulting homicide was both intended and expected \u2014 deemed controlling by the majority, has no bearing on this case. If the insured\u2019s push had been by an open stairwell or edge of a rooftop or precipice, the case would have some relevance; since it was on a level floor of the store where he was showing merchandise to a customer it has none.", "type": "dissent", "author": "Judge Phillips" } ], "attorneys": [ "Speight, Watson and Brewer, by James M. Stanley, Jr., for plaintiff-appellant.", "Ward and Smith, P.A., by A. Charles Ellis, for defendant-appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "NORTH CAROLINA FARM BUREAU MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant v. LOUISE HOOKS STOX and GORDON OWENS, Defendants-Appellees\nNo. 903SC516\n(Filed 19 February 1991)\nInsurance \u00a7 149 (NCI3d)\u2014 homeowner\u2019s policy \u2014 exclusion for bodily injury intended by insured \u2014intentional act\nThe trial court erred in concluding that a homeowner\u2019s insurance policy provided coverage to an insured who intentionally pushed a co-worker who fell and sustained injury, since the policy specifically excluded \u201cbodily injury . . . which is expected or intended by the insured,\u201d and that means that the policy excludes from coverage bodily injury caused by the insured\u2019s intentional acts, whether insured actually intended injury.\nAm Jur 2d, Insurance \u00a7\u00a7 708, 709.\nConstruction and application of provision of liability insurance policy expressly excluding injuries intended or expected by insured. 31 ALR4th 957.\nJudge Phillips dissenting.\nAPPEAL by plaintiff from order entered 3 April 1990 and signed 9 April 1990 by Judge Thomas S. Watts in PITT County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 30 November 1990.\nOn 20 May 1989 while defendant Owens and defendant Stox were at work at Roscoe Griffin Shoe Store, Owens pushed Stox, who fell and was injured. At the time, Owens had in full force and effect a homeowners insurance policy which provided liability coverage. The relevant portions of the policy provide:\nCoverage E \u2014Personal Liability\nIf a claim is made or a suit is brought against an insured for damages because of bodily injury or property damage caused by an occurrence to which this coverage applies, we will:\n1. pay up to our limit of liability for the damages for which the insured is legally liable; and\n2. provide a defense at our expense by counsel of our choice, even if the suit is groundless, false or fraudulent. . . .\n\u201cOccurrence\u201d is defined as:\n5. \u201coccurrence\u201d means an accident, including exposure to conditions, which results, during the policy period, in:\na. bodily injury; or\nb. property damage.\nThe policy provides for certain exclusions:\nCoverage E \u2014Personal Liability and Coverage F \u2014Medical Payments to Others do not apply to bodily injury or property damage:\na. which is expected or intended by the insured;\nb. arising out of business pursuits of an insured or the rental or holding for rental of any part of any premises by an insured.\nThis exclusion does not apply to:\n(1) activities which are usual to non-business pursuits; . . .\nBusiness is defined in the policy as \u201ctrade, profession or occupation.\u201d\nPlaintiff brought this declaratory action seeking a declaration regarding the rights of the parties pursuant to the homeowners insurance policy. The trial court, sitting without a jury, stated its findings of fact:\n2. On May 20, 1989, Gordon Owens intentionally pushed Louise Stox, causing her to fall and receive injury.\n3. The pushing of Louise Stox by Gordon Owens involved foreseeable consequences of significant bodily injury.\n4. At the time Gordon Owens pushed Louise Stox, he had no specific intent to cause bodily injury to Louise Stox, and the injuries sustained by Louise Stox were the unintended result of an intentional act by Gordon Owens.\n5. Although the pushing incident occurred in an employment setting, the pushing incident did not occur as a result of Gordon Owens engaging in a business pursuit.\n6. The \u201cbusiness pursuit\u201d exclusion in Plaintiff\u2019s insurance policy and the exception to the exclusion are ambiguous.\nThe trial court stated its conclusions of law:\n1. The pushing incident constituted an \u201coccurrence\u201d under the terms of the homeowners insurance policy issued by Plaintiff to Gordon Owens.\n2. The \u201cexpected or intended injury\u201d exclusion contained in the policy is inapplicable.\n3. The \u201cbusiness pursuit\u201d exclusion contained in the policy is inapplicable.\n4. In the alternative, if the pushing incident occurred as a result of Gordon Owens engaging in a business pursuit, the act of pushing Ms. Stox constituted an activity which was usual to a non-business pursuit under the exception to the \u201cbusiness pursuit\u201d exclusion.\n5. The policy of insurance issued by Plaintiff to Gordon Owens affords liability coverage to Gordon Owens for damages for which he becomes legally responsible because of the pushing incident involving Louise Stox, and which forms the basis of Pitt County Case. . . .\nThe trial court ordered plaintiff to pay any amount Owens becomes liable to pay to Stox up to the limit of liability of the homeowners insurance policy. From this order, plaintiff appeals.\nSpeight, Watson and Brewer, by James M. Stanley, Jr., for plaintiff-appellant.\nWard and Smith, P.A., by A. Charles Ellis, for defendant-appellee." }, "file_name": "0671-01", "first_page_order": 699, "last_page_order": 704 }