{
  "id": 8520933,
  "name": "ROBERT GLENN CREWS, Employee-Plaintiff v. NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, Employer, SELF-INSURED, Defendant",
  "name_abbreviation": "Crews v. North Carolina Department of Transportation",
  "decision_date": "1991",
  "docket_number": "No. 9010IC1182",
  "first_page": "372",
  "last_page": "376",
  "citations": [
    {
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      "cite": "103 N.C. App. 372"
    }
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  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.",
    "id": 14983,
    "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals"
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      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1989,
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      "cite": "216 N.C. 276",
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    {
      "cite": "398 S.E.2d 677",
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      "year": 1990,
      "opinion_index": 0
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    {
      "cite": "101 N.C. App. 24",
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      "reporter": "N.C. App.",
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    {
      "cite": "241 N.C. 448",
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  "analysis": {
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    "char_count": 8743,
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:27:13.805826+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [
      "Judges Arnold and Phillips concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "ROBERT GLENN CREWS, Employee-Plaintiff v. NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, Employer, SELF-INSURED, Defendant"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "WELLS, Judge.\nDefendant\u2019s Appeal\nIn its first argument, defendant contends that the Commission failed to make findings of fact sufficient to support plaintiff\u2019s disfigurement award. The Commission adopted Deputy Commissioner Chapman\u2019s findings contained in paragraph 6 of her order. We quote:\n6. As a result of this injury by accident, plaintiff has sustained serious and permanent facial and bodily disfigurement which mars his appearance to such an extent that it may reasonably be presumed to lessen his future opportunities for remunerative employment and so reduce his future earning capacity. The fair and equitable amount of compensation for this loss under the Workers\u2019 Compensation Act is $1,800.00.\nFirst, defendant contends these findings are not \u201cspecific,\u201d and are therefore not sufficient. The Commission was not required to make evidentiary findings, only such ultimate findings as needed to resolve this issue. See Guest v. Iron & Metal Co., 241 N.C. 448, 85 S.E.2d 596 (1955); accord, Kennedy v. Duke Univ. Med. Center, 101 N.C. App. 24, 398 S.E.2d 677 (1990). The Commission having made such ultimate findings, this argument must fail.\nNext, defendant contends that these findings are \u201cdefective\u201d because they do not specify how much compensation is \u201cdue\u201d for facial and for bodily disfigurement. Defendant cites no authority for this proposition except that compensation for facial and bodily disfigurement is allowed in separate subsections of G.S. \u00a7 97-31. In cases such as this one, where there is both facial and bodily disfigurement, our courts have previously approved awards where the Commission did not specify in its opinion separate amounts for each category of disfigurement, but made one award to compensate the injured worker for both types of disfigurement. See, e.g., Baxter v. Arthur Co., 216 N.C. 276, 4 S.E.2d 621 (1939). Effective 5 August 1987, G.S. \u00a7 97-31(21) was amended to allow a maximum award of $20,000.00 for head or facial disfigurement, while the maximum for bodily disfigurement under \u00a7 97-31(22) was left unchanged at $10,000.00. While this change in the law does not affect the outcome of this case, it appears clear to us that in future cases, separate awards should be entered in cases involving both types of disfigurement. In this case, we do not disturb the Commission\u2019s disfigurement award.\nIn its next argument, defendant contends that the evidence in this case does not support the Commission\u2019s disfigurement finding. Defendant not having provided this Court with the record of evidence in this case, its argument must fail. See Rule 9 of the Appellate Rules of Procedure.\nIn its next argument, defendant contends that the Commission erred in increasing plaintiff\u2019s award from $10,000.00 to $20,000.00 for permanent injury to his brain. At the time of plaintiff\u2019s injury on 22 September 1986, the monetary limit on awards under G.S. \u00a7 97-31(24) for permanent injury to an important internal organ of the body was $10,000.00. Effective 5 August 1987, the statute was amended to increase the limit of such awards to $20,000.00.\nThe longstanding rule in this State is that a worker\u2019s right to compensation for accidental injury is governed by the law in effect at the time of the injury. See Wood v. Stevens & Co., 297 N.C. 636, 256 S.E.2d 692 (1979), and cases and authorities cited and relied upon therein. We note that a case of this type is distinguishable from those cases in which injured workers who have been receiving compensation for partial disability have been allowed the benefit of the law in effect when they later became totally disabled. See, e.g., Peace v. J. P. Stevens Co., 95 N.C. App. 129, 381 S.E.2d 798 (1989). The injury having occurred prior to the 1987 amendment to the statute, we must therefore hold that plaintiff\u2019s compensation for injury to his brain could not exceed $10,000.00.\nPlaintiffs Appeal\nPlaintiff has not filed an appellant brief, but in his appellee brief he argues that the Commission erred in reducing the award for loss of his spleen from $5,000.00 to $2,500.00. Defendant has not properly preserved this question for our review, see Rule 10 of the Appellate Rules of Procedure, but because of the unusual aspects of this case, we address this question ex mero motu.\nThe Commission erroneously increased plaintiff\u2019s brain injury award to $20,000.00. There is at least a possibility that in the exercise of the Commission\u2019s judgment, there was some interplay between the spleen award and the brain award. Upon remand, the Commission shall limit the brain award to $10,000.00, but may, in the exercise of its judgment, if it deems it appropriate to do so, amend the spleen award.\nThe Commission may also reconsider and amend its award of attorney\u2019s fees, if it deems it appropriate to do so.\nAffirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded.\nJudges Arnold and Phillips concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "WELLS, Judge."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Pennington & Wicks, by Ralph S. Pennington, for plaintiff-appellee.",
      "Attorney General Lacy H. Thornburg, by Assistant Attorney General Victor H. E. Morgan, Jr., for defendant-appellant."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "ROBERT GLENN CREWS, Employee-Plaintiff v. NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, Employer, SELF-INSURED, Defendant\nNo. 9010IC1182\n1. Master and Servant \u00a7 96.5 (NCI3d) \u2014 workers\u2019 compensation \u2014 disfigurement award \u2014findings sufficient\nA deputy commissioner\u2019s findings, adopted by the Commission, were sufficient to support an award of workers\u2019 compensation for disfigurement. The Commission was not required to make evidentiary findings, only such ultimate findings as were needed to resolve the issue.\nAm Jur 2d, Workmen\u2019s Compensation \u00a7 322.\n2. Master and Servant \u00a7 96.5 (NCI3d>\u2014 disfigurement \u2014 no distinction for bodily and facial disfigurement \u2014 no error \u2014required prospectively\nThere was no error in a workers\u2019 compensation award for disfigurement which did not separately specify the compensation for bodily and for facial disfigurement. However, N.C.G.S. \u00a7 97-31(21) has now been amended to allow different maximum awards for facial and bodily disfigurement and separate awards should be entered in the future.\nAm Jur 2d, Workmen\u2019s Compensation \u00a7 322.\n3. Administrative Law and Procedure \u00a7 60 (NCI4th); Appeal and Error \u00a7 315 (NCI4th)\u2014 workers\u2019 compensation \u2014 disfigurement \u2014 sufficiency of evidence \u2014insufficient record\nThe defendant\u2019s argument that a workers\u2019 compensation award for disfigurement was not supported by the evidence failed where defendant did not provide the Court of Appeals with the record of evidence in the case. N.C. Rules of Appellate Procedure, Rules 9 and 18(c).\nAm Jur 2d, Workmen\u2019s Compensation \u00a7 617.\n4. Master and Servant \u00a7 69 (NCI3d)\u2014 workers\u2019 compensation\u2014 monetary limit raised \u2014 law in effect at time of injury\nThe Industrial Commission erred by increasing a workers\u2019 compensation award for a brain injury from $10,000 to $20,000 where the statutory limit was raised after the injury. The longstanding rule is that a worker\u2019s right to compensation is governed by the law in effect at the time of the injury. N.C.G.S. \u00a7 97-31(24).\nAm Jur 2d, Workmen\u2019s Compensation \u00a7 34.\n5. Master and Servant \u00a7 69 (NCI3d)\u2014 workers\u2019 compensation-reduction of award \u2014 remand\nA workers\u2019 compensation award was remanded for further consideration in the exercise of the Commission\u2019s judgment where the Commission reduced the award for plaintiff\u2019s loss of his spleen but erroneously increased the award for plaintiff\u2019s brain injury. There is at least a possibility that there was some interplay between the spleen award and the brain injury award.\nAm Jur 2d, Workmen\u2019s Compensation \u00a7 641.\nAPPEAL by plaintiff and defendant from an opinion and award of the Industrial Commission filed 14 August 1990. Heard in the Court of Appeals 3 June 1991.\nIn this Workers\u2019 Compensation case, plaintiff was injured in a compensable accident on 22 September 1986. Pursuant to a Form 21 agreement between plaintiff and defendant, plaintiff was awarded compensation for temporary total disability beginning 18 October 1986 and continuing for an undetermined number of weeks. Plaintiff returned to full-time employment by 1 June 1987. After having returned to work, plaintiff requested a hearing and following that hearing, Deputy Commissioner Morgan S. Chapman entered an opinion awarding plaintiff $1,800.00 for disfigurement, $5,000.00 for the loss of his spleen, and $10,000.00 for damage to his brain. Both plaintiff and defendant appealed to the Full Commission.\nOn review, the Commission modified the original award to reduce plaintiff\u2019s spleen loss award to $2,500.00 and to increase plaintiff\u2019s brain damage award to $20,000.00. The Commission did not disturb the disfigurement award.\nBoth plaintiff and defendant gave notice of appeal from the Commission\u2019s award.\nPennington & Wicks, by Ralph S. Pennington, for plaintiff-appellee.\nAttorney General Lacy H. Thornburg, by Assistant Attorney General Victor H. E. Morgan, Jr., for defendant-appellant."
  },
  "file_name": "0372-01",
  "first_page_order": 402,
  "last_page_order": 406
}