{ "id": 8524326, "name": "WHITECO INDUSTRIES, INC. t/a WHITECO METROCOM v. JAMES E. HARRINGTON, as Secretary of Transportation of the State of North Carolina", "name_abbreviation": "Whiteco Industries, Inc. v. Harrington", "decision_date": "1993-09-07", "docket_number": "No. 9210SC484", "first_page": "839", "last_page": "845", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "111 N.C. App. 839" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "737 S.W.2d 726", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "case_ids": [ 11955475 ], "year": 1987, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/sw2d/737/0726-01" ] }, { "cite": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7\u00a7 136-126", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "N.C. Gen. Stat.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "352 S.E.2d 277", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "278" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "84 N.C. App. 305", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 12168438 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "307" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/84/0305-01" ] }, { "cite": "299 S.E.2d 817", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 4, "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "819" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "60 N.C. App. 745", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8523926 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "749" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/60/0745-01" ] }, { "cite": "487 U.S. 552", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 1775136 ], "weight": 4, "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "566" }, { "page": "505" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/487/0552-01" ] }, { "cite": "399 S.E.2d 132", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1990, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "327 N.C. 643", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2493472, 2496355, 2493582, 2493167, 2497967 ], "year": 1990, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/327/0643-01", "/nc/327/0643-02", "/nc/327/0643-03", "/nc/327/0643-05", "/nc/327/0643-04" ] }, { "cite": "394 S.E.2d 217", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "219" }, { "page": "219" }, { "page": "219" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "100 N.C. App. 51", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8526263 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "55" }, { "page": "56" }, { "page": "55" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/100/0051-01" ] }, { "cite": "434 S.E.2d 229", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "Harrelson" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "111 N.C. App. 815", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8524178 ], "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "Harrelson" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/111/0815-01" ] }, { "cite": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 6-19.1", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "N.C. Gen. Stat.", "year": 1986, "opinion_index": 0 } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 595, "char_count": 12624, "ocr_confidence": 0.759, "pagerank": { "raw": 2.5617410747900737e-07, "percentile": 0.8154033304644402 }, "sha256": "b99f2e4ab8b1a29095048ccbe586ad4f72a1e943f8bfbb6e41f1f76eba19d5c9", "simhash": "1:a18a9e67765d375a", "word_count": 2013 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T15:07:55.768244+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Judges JOHNSON and ORR concur." ], "parties": [ "WHITECO INDUSTRIES, INC. t/a WHITECO METROCOM v. JAMES E. HARRINGTON, as Secretary of Transportation of the State of North Carolina" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "McCRODDEN, Judge.\nThis is an appeal from the trial court\u2019s order granting attorney\u2019s fees to petitioner pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 6-19.1 (1986). The North Carolina Department of Transportation (DOT) presents for review four arguments representing ten assignments of error. As in the companion case, Whiteco v. Harrelson, 111 N.C. App. 815, 434 S.E.2d 229 (1993) (Harrelson), we address the jurisdictional question, but we do so only briefly since the analysis used in that case applies to this one as well. Also as in Harrelson, we reverse the trial court on the issue of substantial justification, and we do not reach DOT\u2019s other issues.\nThe facts of the case are as follows. Prior to 26 January 1989, DOT issued an outdoor advertising permit to petitioner Whiteco Industries, Inc. t/a Whiteco Metrocom for its outdoor advertising billboard. On 26 January 1989, two DOT officials, District Engineer R. J. Nelson (Nelson) and Transportation Technical L. D. Cook, observed a pickup truck within the controlled access area of Interstate 95. When DOT officials stopped along the interstate, a man who identified himself as Eddie Edwards (Edwards), stated that he was working for J. W. Wellons (Wellons) of J. W. Management Company. Wellons was the secretary of Hornes Motor Lodge, and Hornes Motor Lodge was the subject of the advertisement on petitioner\u2019s billboard on 26 January 1989. After talking to DOT officials, Edwards crossed the control of access fence for the interstate to move his vehicle.\nOn 27 January 1989, Nelson revoked petitioner\u2019s outdoor advertising permit for unlawful violation of control of access, in violation of the Outdoor Advertising Control Act, N.C. Admin. Code tit. 19A, r. 2E.0210(9) (December 1990). DOT upheld the revocation on 3 March 1989.\nOn 3 April 1989, petitioner filed a petition for judicial review of DOT\u2019s final decision. On 6 May 1991, petitioner served DOT with affidavits of Wellons and Robert Sykes, petitioner\u2019s Vice President and General Manager, and a motion for summary judgment. The affidavits stated: that Edwards was employed by Wellons; that Wellons had instructed Edwards to paint a sign owned by Wellons; Edwards, instead of going to the sign owned by Wellons, mistakenly went to petitioner\u2019s billboard; and Edwards committed the violation while at petitioner\u2019s billboard. On 7 June 1991, respondent reinstated the permit and requested that petitioner cancel the hearing on the motion for summary judgment scheduled for 10 June 1991, since the permit had been reinstated. At the hearing on 10 June 1991, the trial judge directed petitioner to prepare an order denying summary judgment because it was moot. The order was filed 25 June 1991.\nOn 10 June 1991, petitioner filed a motion for attorney\u2019s fees pursuant to N.C.G.S. \u00a7 6-19.1 and N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 1A-1, Rule 11 (1990). At the 2 July 1991 hearing, the trial judge made no ruling in open court, but suggested that the parties schedule a hearing in January 1992, so that if the fee request were granted, a hearing could be held on the reasonableness of the attorney\u2019s fees. On 30 October 1991, the judge made a notation to the courtroom clerk to place an entry in the court file finding that, pursuant to N.C.G.S. \u00a7 6-19.1, petitioner was entitled to costs and attorney\u2019s fees in the amount $9,834.21.\nOn 10 January 1992, the trial judge heard arguments on the substantial justification of DOT\u2019s position in the underlying litigation and the reasonableness of attorney\u2019s fees requested by petitioner. On 21 January 1992, the trial judge entered an order granting petitioner\u2019s motion for attorney\u2019s fees and awarding fees in the amount of $9,834.21 and costs in the amount of $1,022.40.\nThe first argument we consider is DOT\u2019s contention that the trial court did not have jurisdiction to rule on petitioner\u2019s motion for attorney\u2019s fees pursuant to N.C.G.S. \u00a7 6-19.1. DOT contends, inter alia, that petitioner filed its motion for attorney\u2019s fees prematurely because there was no final disposition of the case at the time the motion was filed and, therefore, the trial court did not have jurisdiction to award attorney\u2019s fees. We addressed the same issue in Harrelson, and we rejected as too narrow DOT\u2019s argument that the 30-day period establishes a starting point as well as a deadline. We found that petitioner\u2019s motion for attorney\u2019s fees, filed well before final judgment, was timely, and accordingly, we ruled that the trial court had jurisdiction in the matter. We adopt the reasoning from that opinion and determine that the trial court had jurisdiction in this case as well.\nDOT\u2019s second contention is that the trial court erred in awarding attorney\u2019s fees because DOT was substantially justified in revoking petitioner\u2019s outdoor advertising permit. N.C.G.S. \u00a7 6-19.1 grants a trial court the power to require the State to pay attorney\u2019s fees under certain conditions:\nIn any civil action, other than an adjudication for the purpose of establishing or fixing a rate, or a disciplinary action by a licensing board, brought by the State or brought by a party who is contesting State action pursuant to G.S. 150A-43 or any other appropriate provisions of law, unless the prevailing party is the State, the court may, in its discretion, allow the prevailing party to recover reasonable attorney\u2019s fees to be taxed as court costs against the appropriate agency if:\n(1) The Court finds that the agency acted without substantial justification in pressing its claim against the party; and\n(2) The Court finds that there are no special circumstances that would make the award of attorney\u2019s fees unjust.\nIn order to award attorney\u2019s fees under this statute, the trial judge had to determine first that the petitioner was the prevailing party. Since petitioner\u2019s petition demanded reinstatement of its outdoor advertising permit and DOT ultimately reinstated it, DOT does not contest the trial court\u2019s finding that petitioner was a prevailing party.\nIn addition to finding that petitioner was the prevailing party, the trial court had to determine that DOT acted without substantial justification in pressing its claim against petitioner and revoking petitioner\u2019s outdoor advertising permit. In reviewing DOT\u2019s argument on this issue, our first task is to determine the standard of review of the trial court\u2019s decision that DOT lacked substantial justification. In Harrelson, we followed Tay v. Flaherty, 100 N.C. App. 51, 55, 394 S.E.2d 217, 219, disc. review denied, 327 N.C. 643, 399 S.E.2d 132 (1990), in treating substantial justification as a conclusion of law, and hence reviewable by this Court on appeal.\nThis Court has relied on the case of Pierce v. Underwood, 487 U.S. 552, 101 L.Ed.2d 490 (1988), to define substantial justification as justification \u201cto a degree that could satisfy a reasonable person . . . .\u201d Tay, 100 N.C. App. at 56, 394 S.E.2d at 219. To be \u201csubstantially justified\u201d means \u201cmore than merely undeserving of sanctions for frivolousness; that is assuredly not the standard for Government litigation of which a reasonable person would approve.\u201d Pierce, 487 U.S. at 566, 101 L.Ed.2d at 505. We agree with petitioner that the burden is on the party against whom attorney\u2019s fees are sought to show substantial justification of its action. Tay, 100 N.C. App. at 55, 394 S.E.2d at 219.\nAs in Harrelson, DOT argues that their position in revoking petitioner\u2019s permit was substantially justified because this matter is a case of first impression and DOT was attempting to obtain an interpretation of North Carolina caselaw to determine in which situations DOT may revoke outdoor advertising permits. For DOT to revoke an outdoor advertising permit, it must meet certain criteria, which are set forth in National Advertising Co. v. Bradshaw, 60 N.C. App. 745, 299 S.E.2d 817 (1983), and Whiteco Metrocom Inc. v. Roberson, 84 N.C. App. 305, 352 S.E.2d 277 (1987). The National Advertising Court found that DOT must (1) clearly identify persons (2) who committed a violation for which revocation is permissible and (3) show a sufficient connection between those persons and the permit holder. National Advertising, 60 N.C. App. at 749, 299 S.E.2d at 819.\nIn National Advertising, the Court found that DOT improperly revoked petitioner\u2019s outdoor advertising sign permit for unlawful destruction of vegetation on the highway right of way. Id. In that case, the evidence tended to show that vegetation around petitioner\u2019s sign had been cut and that petitioner had worked on the sign at approximately the time the vegetation was cut. However, DOT failed to identify the persons who cut the trees. Id.\nIn the instant case, unlike National Advertising, DOT clearly identified the persons who violated N.C. Admin. Code tit. 19A, r. 2E.0210(9) and connected those persons to the petitioner by showing that Edwards, who crossed the control of access fence, was employed by Wellons of Hornes Motor Lodge, which was the advertiser on petitioner\u2019s billboard.\nIn Whiteco Metrocom, this Court held that petitioner\u2019s permit was properly revoked under the Outdoor Advertising Control Act, N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7\u00a7 136-126 to -140 (1986 and Supp. 1992), when petitioner hired an independent contractor to maintain its sign and employees of the independent contractor violated the Act. The Court stated that \u201cby obtaining the statutorily authorized permit, petitioner accepted the duty to follow the law in its exercise; and petitioner did not rid itself of this duty by hiring an independent substitute to act for it; for a duty imposed by statute cannot be delegated.\u201d Whiteco Metrocom, 84 N.C. App. at 307,352 S.E.2d at 278.\nCiting Whiteco Metrocom and Hulshof v. Mo. Highway & Transp. Comm\u2019n., 737 S.W.2d 726 (Mo. 1987), we held in Harrelson, that DOT was substantially justified in revoking petitioner\u2019s outdoor advertising permit when an agent of the lessee of the billboard violated the Outdoor Advertising Control Act. To have ruled otherwise would have invited petitioner to do indirectly what it could not do directly, i.e., violate the Act with impunity.\nThe case at hand is somewhat different from Harrelson, because the person who violated the Act, while an employee of Hornes Motor Lodge which rented the billboard, was at petitioner\u2019s billboard by mistake. The record reveals, however, that petitioner filed affidavits to this effect on 6 May 1991, more than two years after DOT upheld the revocation of petitioner\u2019s permit, and that DOT responded by reinstating the permit on 7 June 1991. Given petitioner\u2019s delay in advising DOT of this fact, we cannot say that DOT\u2019s reinstatement of the permit was untimely.\nIn summary, we find that, at the time DOT revoked petitioner\u2019s outdoor advertising permit, it had substantial justification' for doing so and that its later reinstatement of the permit did not nullify that justification. We consequently reverse the trial court\u2019s order of attorney\u2019s fees.\nReversed.\nJudges JOHNSON and ORR concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "McCRODDEN, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Wilson & Waller, P.A., by Betty S. Waller and Brian E. Upchurch, for petitioner-appellee.", "Attorney General Lacy H. Thornburg, by Assistant Attorney General Elizabeth N. Strickland, for respondent-appellant." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "WHITECO INDUSTRIES, INC. t/a WHITECO METROCOM v. JAMES E. HARRINGTON, as Secretary of Transportation of the State of North Carolina\nNo. 9210SC484\n(Filed 7 September 1993)\n1. Costs \u00a7 37 (NCI4th)\u2014 revocation and reinstatement of outdoor advertising permit \u2014 petitioner\u2019s motion for attorney\u2019s fees \u2014 trial court\u2019s jurisdiction\nWhere DOT revoked and subsequently reinstated petitioner\u2019s outdoor advertising permit for unlawful violation of control of access in violation of the Outdoor Advertising Control Act, the trial court had jurisdiction to rule on petitioner\u2019s motion for attorney\u2019s fees pursuant to N.C.G.S. \u00a7 6-19.1, since the motion, filed well before final judgment, was timely.\nAm Jur 2d, Costs \u00a7\u00a7 79-82.\n2. Costs \u00a7 37 (NCI4th); Highways, Streets, and Roads \u00a7 33 (NCI4th)\u2014 DOT\u2019s revocation of petitioner\u2019s outdoor advertising permit \u2014 substantial justification \u2014 award of attorney\u2019s fees improper\nWhere DOT revoked and subsequently reinstated petitioner\u2019s outdoor advertising permit for unlawful violation of control of access, the trial court erred in awarding petitioner attorney\u2019s fees since, at the time DOT revoked the permit, it had substantial justification for doing so, and its later reinstatement of the permit did not nullify that justification.\nAm Jur 2d, Costs \u00a7\u00a7 79-82.\nAppeal by respondent from order entered 21 January 1992 by Judge Narley L. Cashwell in Wake County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 15 April 1993.\nWilson & Waller, P.A., by Betty S. Waller and Brian E. Upchurch, for petitioner-appellee.\nAttorney General Lacy H. Thornburg, by Assistant Attorney General Elizabeth N. Strickland, for respondent-appellant." }, "file_name": "0839-01", "first_page_order": 869, "last_page_order": 875 }