{
  "id": 12124914,
  "name": "CLYDE E. DENEGAR, d/b/a Quality Sanitation Service, Plaintiff-Appellee v. THE CITY OF CHARLOTTE, a North Carolina Municipal Corporation, Defendant-Appellant",
  "name_abbreviation": "Denegar v. City of Charlotte",
  "decision_date": "1994-06-07",
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T22:58:18.676868+00:00",
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [
      "Chief Judge ARNOLD and Judge COZORT concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "CLYDE E. DENEGAR, d/b/a Quality Sanitation Service, Plaintiff-Appellee v. THE CITY OF CHARLOTTE, a North Carolina Municipal Corporation, Defendant-Appellant"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "LEWIS, Judge.\nPlaintiff operated a private solid waste collection firm in an area of Mecklenburg County until the area was annexed by defendant, the City of Charlotte, in February 1991. Plaintiff filed a complaint against defendant on 28 January 1992, alleging that defendant negligently failed to fully inform plaintiff of his statutory rights in connection with the annexation and that defendant improperly withheld just compensation and economic loss payments. Defendant now appeals from the trial court\u2019s denial of its motions for summary judgment, dismissal and judgment on the pleadings. Our disposition of this appeal renders a recitation of the facts unnecessary.\nThe denial of a motion for summary judgment is interlocutory and nonappealable unless a substantial right of one of the parties is involved. Equitable Leasing Corp. v. Myers, 46 N.C. App. 162, 265 S.E.2d 240, appeal dismissed, 301 N.C. 92 (1980). Defendant is asserting the defense of governmental immunity, and it is well settled that the question of governmental immunity affects a substantial right and therefore renders an interlocutory order immediately appealable. Dickens v. Thome, 110 N.C. App. 39, 429 S.E.2d 176 (1993); Whitaker v. Clark, 109 N.C. App. 379, 427 S.E.2d 142, disc. review denied and cert. denied, 333 N.C. 795, 431 S.E.2d 31 (1993). According to defendant, annexation is a governmental function invoking the protection of governmental immunity. Thrash v. City of Asheville, 95 N.C. App. 457, 473-74, 383 S.E.2d 657, 666-67 (1989) (stating that annexation is a governmental function), rev\u2019d on other grounds, 327 N.C. 251, 393 S.E.2d 842 (1990).\nPlaintiff, on the other hand, argues that governmental immunity is not an available defense in this case, and that the appeal is interlocutory and subject to dismissal. Plaintiff contends that defendant\u2019s actions amounted to a taking of plaintiff\u2019s property, and asserts that governmental immunity is not a defense to takings of private property for public use. Long v. City of Charlotte, 306 N.C. 187, 203, 293 S.E.2d 101, 111-12 (1982). The fact that the taking occurred as part of an annexation process is irrelevant, according to plaintiff.\nPlaintiff contends that Thrash, which indicated that annexation is a governmental function, provides no support for defendant\u2019s argument that it is entitled to governmental immunity in this case, because Thrash did not discuss the taking aspect of annexation. Instead, that case involved a direct challenge to an annexation ordinance. 95 N.C. App. at 461, 383 S.E.2d at 659. In the case at hand plaintiff is not attempting to invalidate the annexation in any way. Plaintiff is simply seeking compensation to which he was statutorily entitled and would have received were it not for defendant\u2019s alleged negligence.\nWe find that Long is dispositive of the issue at hand. The general rule from Long is that a taking is compensable, whether the governmental authority was acting in a governmental or proprietary capacity. 306 N.C. at 203, 293 S.E.2d at 111. The Supreme Court in Long noted that the \u201cfundamental right to just compensation\u201d is \u201cpart of the fundamental law of this State\u201d and \u201cimposes upon a governmental agency taking private property for public use a correlative duty to make just compensation to the owner of the property taken.\u201d Id. at 196, 293 S.E.2d at 107. The Court stated, \u201c[i]f a \u2018taking\u2019 has occurred, it is compensable though it results from a function which is governmental in nature. Governmental immunity is not a defense where there is a \u2018taking\u2019 of private property for public use whether that use be propriety or governmental in nature.\u201d Id. at 203, 293 S.E.2d at 111-12.\nThus, if a governmental authority negligently prevented the receipt of just compensation for a taking, that negligence would be actionable and would not be subject to the defense of governmental immunity. This is true even if the taking occurred as part of a governmental function, such as annexation.\nBecause we conclude that governmental immunity is not an available defense in this case, we find that this appeal does not affect a substantial right and that the trial court\u2019s order is interlocutory and unappealable.\nAppeal dismissed.\nChief Judge ARNOLD and Judge COZORT concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "LEWIS, Judge."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Wells and Porter, P.A., by Jameson P. Wells, for plaintiff - appellee.",
      "Office of the City Attorney, by Deputy City Attorney H. Michael Boyd, for defendant-appellant."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "CLYDE E. DENEGAR, d/b/a Quality Sanitation Service, Plaintiff-Appellee v. THE CITY OF CHARLOTTE, a North Carolina Municipal Corporation, Defendant-Appellant\nNo. 9326SC612\n(Filed 7 June 1994)\nEminent Domain \u00a7 231 (NCI4th)\u2014 taking pursuant to annexation \u2014 compensation not paid \u2014 actionable negligence\u2014 governmental immunity no defense\nThe defense of governmental immunity was not available to defendant city where plaintiff, who operated a solid waste collection service, alleged that the city negligently prevented plaintiffs receipt of just compensation for a taking of its property lost when the city annexed the area in which plaintiff did business. Therefore, the trial court\u2019s denial of defendant city\u2019s motion for summary judgment was not immediately appealable.\nAm Jur 2d, Eminent Domain \u00a7 397.\nAppeal by defendant from order entered 11 March 1993 by Judge Forrest A. Ferrell in Mecklenburg County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 21 March 1994.\nWells and Porter, P.A., by Jameson P. Wells, for plaintiff - appellee.\nOffice of the City Attorney, by Deputy City Attorney H. Michael Boyd, for defendant-appellant."
  },
  "file_name": "0166-01",
  "first_page_order": 198,
  "last_page_order": 200
}