{ "id": 12127422, "name": "THOMAS L. THRASH and wife, LORA R. THRASH, KEITH HERMAN and wife, TERRY HERMAN, and WILLARD HINTZ and wife, ELIZABETH HINTZ, Petitioners v. CITY OF ASHEVILLE, a municipal corporation, Respondent; BASF CORPORATION, Petitioner v. CITY OF ASHEVILLE, a municipal corporation, Respondent", "name_abbreviation": "Thrash v. City of Asheville", "decision_date": "1994-06-21", "docket_number": "No. 9328SC637", "first_page": "310", "last_page": "318", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "115 N.C. App. 310" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "887 F.2d 1080", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "year": 1989, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "690 F. Supp. 444", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F. Supp.", "case_ids": [ 4067785 ], "year": 1988, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f-supp/690/0444-01" ] }, { "cite": "7 U.S.C. \u00a7 1926", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "U.S.C.", "weight": 6, "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "(b)" }, { "page": "(b)" }, { "page": "(b)" }, { "page": "(b)" }, { "page": "(b)", "parenthetical": "emphasis added" }, { "page": "2305" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "180 S.E.2d 851", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1971, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "Slight irregularities will not invalidate annexation." } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "278 N.C. 641", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8561245 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1971, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "Slight irregularities will not invalidate annexation." } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/278/0641-01" ] }, { "cite": "294 S.E.2d 371", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "306 N.C. 559", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8572480, 8572462, 8572438, 8572537, 8572508 ], "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/306/0559-03", "/nc/306/0559-02", "/nc/306/0559-01", "/nc/306/0559-05", "/nc/306/0559-04" ] }, { "cite": "293 S.E.2d 240", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "243" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "58 N.C. App. 15", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8522989 ], "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "17-18" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/58/0015-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 750, "char_count": 20311, "ocr_confidence": 0.736, "pagerank": { "raw": 4.03580807328026e-08, "percentile": 0.2457683826354355 }, "sha256": "4b7cc40ec91062028e6779d833d944496fd56eee73243bc579398dcc83487fc1", "simhash": "1:773bd2bab3e63554", "word_count": 3235 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T22:58:18.676868+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Judges COZORT and LEWIS concur." ], "parties": [ "THOMAS L. THRASH and wife, LORA R. THRASH, KEITH HERMAN and wife, TERRY HERMAN, and WILLARD HINTZ and wife, ELIZABETH HINTZ, Petitioners v. CITY OF ASHEVILLE, a municipal corporation, Respondent, BASF CORPORATION, Petitioner v. CITY OF ASHEVILLE, a municipal corporation, Respondent" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "ARNOLD, Chief Judge.\nWhere the record of the annexation proceedings shows substantial compliance with the requirements of Chapter 160A, the burden is on petitioners to prove failure to meet those requirements or an irregularity in the proceedings which materially prejudiced their substantive rights. Scovill Mfg. Co. v. Town of Wake Forest, 58 N.C. App. 15, 17-18, 293 S.E.2d 240, 243, disc. review denied, 306 N.C. 559, 294 S.E.2d 371 (1982). Despite petitioner BASF\u2019s commendable effort to convince us that the burden never shifted to petitioners, our review of the record reveals substantial compliance with Chapter 160A, and therefore the burden was on petitioners to prove noncompliance or a procedural irregularity and resulting prejudice.\nPetitioners contend that the superior court erred in finding that the City substantially complied with several of the procedural requirements of Chapter 160A. First, petitioners contend that the City did not comply with N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 160A-49 (1987) which sets out specific requirements for the time and manner in which the City must give notice of the public hearing on the proposed annexation. The City gave proper notice of a public hearing held on 13 November 1990. On that date, the City Council (the Council) met at 4:00 p.m. and conducted its regular meeting. It then recessed the meeting and continued it until 7:00 p.m., the time scheduled for the public hearing. At the reconvened meeting the public hearing was conducted and the Council heard from several citizens. Although they had not been excused, several members of the Council did not return to the public hearing portion of the meeting. Therefore, at the conclusion of the public hearing the Council voted to continue the public hearing without further advertisement to the next regular Council meeting on 27 November 1990. Petitioners argue that the Council could not continue the public hearing without repeating the notice requirements in G.S. \u00a7 160A-49. We disagree.\nG.S. \u00a7 160A-81 governs the conduct of public hearings before city councils. Aside from establishing the city council\u2019s power to control the conduct of hearings generally, this section provides that \u201c[t]he council may continue any public hearing without further advertisement. If a public hearing is set for a given date and a quorum of the council is not then present, the hearing shall be continued until the next regular council meeting without further advertisement.\u201d By this section\u2019s plain language the Council was within its authority to continue the public hearing without further advertisement, and accordingly, the Council\u2019s action does not foreclose a finding of substantial compliance with Chapter 160A. We are not persuaded by petitioners\u2019 arguments that G.S. \u00a7 160A-81 is applicable only to public hearings not concerning annexation. Nothing in G.S. \u00a7 160A-81 indicates that its application should be so limited, and we decline to read such a limitation into it. Petitioner\u2019s remaining arguments on this issue are also not persuasive, and we therefore reject them.\nPetitioner BASF argues that the City failed to comply with G.S. \u00a7 160A-50(c), which provides that within 15 days of receiving a copy of the petition for review of the annexation ordinance the City must deliver to the superior court \u201c(1) [a] transcript of the portions of the municipal journal or minute book in which the procedure for annexation has been set forth and (2) [a] copy of the report setting forth the plans for extending services to the annexed area as required in G.S. \u00a7 160A-47.\u201d Petitioner argues that the materials delivered to the court are incomplete because they do not include a certificate that notice of the public hearing was mailed to all the property owners in the affected area as required by G.S. \u00a7 160A-49(b). G.S. \u00a7 160A-49(b) provides that the \u201cperson or persons mailing such notices shall certify to the governing board that fact, and such certificate shall become a part of the record of the annexation proceeding and shall be deemed conclusive in the absence of fraud.\u201d Because the certificate becomes part of the record, petitioner argues, its absence from the materials delivered to the superior court constitutes a procedural violation warranting remand of the ordinance.\nPetitioner does not contend that the City failed to mail the notices, and there was ample evidence before the court in the form of an affidavit and testimony showing that the notices were actually mailed to all affected property owners. Because the notices were mailed and there is no contention that the property owners did not receive the mailed notices, this irregularity was so slight that it could not have prejudiced petitioner, and it does not require remand of the ordinance. See In re Annexation Ordinance, 278 N.C. 641, 180 S.E.2d 851 (1971) (Slight irregularities will not invalidate annexation.).\nWe note that petitioner uses the certificate\u2019s absence from the record as support for its argument that the burden of proof did not shift to petitioners. Petitioner argues that there cannot be substantial compliance with the statute when a document required by the statute is omitted from the record. Petitioner then argues that because there was not substantial compliance, petitioner does not have to show it was prejudiced by the omission. This minor omission, however, does not preclude a finding of substantial compliance. See In re Annexation Ordinance, 278 N.C. 641, 180 S.E.2d 851 (finding prima facie substantial compliance when the city, at the public hearing, failed to comply with the statutory requirement of explaining the plan to extend services to the annexed area).\nPetitioners in 91 CVS 174 (Thrash) next argue that the superior court erred in concluding that the City made the appropriate findings required by G.S. \u00a7 160A-49(e) showing that the annexed area was qualified under G.S. \u00a7 160A-48 for annexation. G.S. \u00a7 160A-48 sets the standards that must be met before an area may be annexed:\n(1) It must be adjacent or contiguous to the municipality\u2019s boundaries at the time the annexation proceeding is begun.\n(2) At least one eighth of the aggregate external boundaries of the area must coincide with the municipal boundary.\n(3) No part of the area shall be included within the boundary of another incorporated municipality.\nIn addition, the area to be annexed must be developed for urban purposes. G.S. \u00a7 160A-48(c)(3) provides that an area is developed for urban purposes if it meets the following standard:\n[It is] so developed that at least sixty percent (60%) of the total number of lots and tracts in the area at the time of annexation are used for residential, commercial, industrial, institutional or governmental purposes, and is subdivided into lots and tracts such that at least sixty percent (60%) of the total acreage, not counting the acreage used at the time of annexation for commercial, industrial, governmental or institutional purposes, consists of lots and tracts five acres or less in size.\nWhen all the requirements for annexation are met, the governing body may adopt an annexation ordinance. The annexation ordinance must contain \u201cspecific findings showing that the area to be annexed meets the requirements of G.S. 160A-48.\u201d G.S. \u00a7 160A-49(e)(l). Petitioner Thrash contends that the City\u2019s ordinance does not contain sufficient findings in several categories.\nPetitioner first takes issue with the urbanization findings. Petitioner acknowledges that the City made findings with respect to urbanization, but he claims that because the findings were not made on the date of annexation they do not comply with Chapter 160A. We disagree. We do not find a requirement in Chapter 160A that the City review its tax maps or other sources on the day the annexation ordinance is adopted in order to make up-to-the-minute amendments of the annexation plan. In this case, the calculations related to urbanization were made shortly before the ordinance was passed, and they were amended once to reflect corrections which the City made after the initial adoption of the annexation plan. The City even made findings with respect to property exchanges which some individuals made in an effort to thwart the annexation after the annexation plan was adopted. Even with these amendments the findings in the ordinance showed that the annexed area met the statutory standard for urbanization. Furthermore, petitioner does not contend that a last minute review of the lots in the annexed area would have made any difference in the results.\nNext petitioner argues that the ordinance does not contain a finding that one eighth of the annexed area\u2019s boundary is contiguous to the existing municipal boundary as required by G.S. \u00a7 160A-48(e). On the same page with the findings petitioner refers to above, however, we discovered the following finding in paragraph (1) of the \u201cStatement of Statutory Standards\u201d:\nThe area is contiguous as defined in N.C. Gen. Stat. Sec. 160A-53 in that at least one-eighth of the aggregate boundary coincides with the present City of Asheville boundary. . . . [0]n October 9, 1990, the aggregate external boundary line of the area to be annexed was approximately 49,020 feet, of which approximately 7,000 feet or 14.3 percent coincided with the present City of Asheville boundary. Taking into consideration boundary changes to the annexation area made by the City of Asheville after the initial adoption of the Plan, the aggregate external boundary of the area to be annexed is approximately 51,830 feet, of which approximately 7,000 feet or 13.5 percent coincides with the present City of Asheville boundary.\nSimple division reveals that 7000 feet is greater than one eighth of the annexed area\u2019s total boundary. Petitioner does not acknowledge these figures and therefore does not dispute their accuracy. The finding of contiguousness could not be plainer.\nPetitioner Thrash further argues that the trial court erred in finding that the City followed natural topographic features and streets wherever practical in defining the boundaries of the annexed area. Petitioner describes six areas which he contends do not comply with the statute and argues that alternative boundaries should have been used. He does not, however, guide us to any portion of the record containing evidence in support of his contention, nor does he provide the statistical calculations to prove that his proposed boundaries comply with the urbanization requirements of G.S. \u00a7 160A-48. We conclude that petitioner did not meet his burden of establishing error on this issue.\nFinally, petitioner Thrash argues that this annexation was prohibited by 7 U.S.C. \u00a7 1926(b) (1988). The annexed area consumes the majority of the Enka Candler Water and Sewer District (ECWSD), which recently constructed water and sewer facilities using funds borrowed from the Farmers Home Administration (FmHA). 7 U.S.C. \u00a7 1926(b) provides that the service provided by an association such as ECWSD\nshall not be curtailed or limited by inclusion of the area served by such association within the boundaries of any municipal corporation or other public body . . . nor shall the happening of any such event be the basis of requiring such association to secure any franchise, license, or permit as a condition to continuing to serve the area served by the association at the time of the occurrence of such event.\nThis issue does not appear to be within the scope of review of an annexation ordinance under G.S. \u00a7 160A-50, but we will consider it nonetheless.\nPetitioner argues that annexation is absolutely prohibited by 7 U.S.C. \u00a7 1926(b); he does not offer proof that the annexation will actually curtail or limit ECWSD\u2019s service. We believe that 7 U.S.C. \u00a7 1926(b) does not prohibit annexation of an area served by an \u201cassociation\u201d such as ECWSD; it merely prohibits the annexing municipality from curtailing, limiting, or otherwise interfering with the services provided by such an association.\nA reading of the plain language in the statute reveals that the statute actually contemplates the annexation of an area served by an \u201cassociation.\u201d The statute first provides that service may not be curtailed by inclusion of the area within municipal limits, but it continues to state that \u201cnor shall the happening of any such event [referring to the inclusion of that area within municipal boundaries] be the basis of requiring such association to secure any franchise, license, or permit as a condition to continuing to serve the area served by the association at the time of the occurrence of such event.\u201d 7 U.S.C. \u00a7 1926(b) (emphasis added). Obviously the statute does not intend to prohibit annexation in one sentence and provide for its occurrence in the next. Reading the statute as a whole reveals its true intent \u2014 to prevent curtailment or limitation of service by events which might follow annexation.\nFurther support is found in the legislative history of \u00a7 1926(b) which provides in part: \u201cA new provision has been added to assist in protecting the territory served by such an association facility against competitive facilities, which rtiight otherwise be developed with the expansion of the boundaries of municipal and other public bodies into an area served by the rural system.\u201d 1961 U.S.C.C.A.N. 2243, 2309. The history further provides that this statute \u201c[prohibits curtailment of a water association borrower\u2019s service as a result of inclusion of its service area within the boundaries of any public body or as the result of the granting of any private franchise for similar service in such area.\u201d Id. at 2305. From this language it is clear that Congress was aware that cities, due to growth needs, may annex certain areas served by FmHA borrowers. The statute was designed to protect \u201cassociations\u201d from competitive facilities which might follow annexation, not from annexation itself. See Pinehurst Enters. v. Town of Southern Pines, 690 F. Supp. 444 (M.D.N.C. 1988), aff\u2019d, 887 F.2d 1080 (4th Cir. 1989). Obviously then the statute permits annexation of the area served by ECWSD.\nThe superior court\u2019s order is affirmed.\nAffirmed.\nJudges COZORT and LEWIS concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "ARNOLD, Chief Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Adams, Hendon, Carson, Crow & Saenger P.A., by S.J. Crow and Martin Reidinger, for petitioner appellants Thrash, et al.", "Moore & Van Allen, by Douglas R. Ghidina, for petitioner appellant BASF Corp.", "Nesbitt & Slawter, by William F. Slawter and Sarah Patterson Brison, for respondent appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THOMAS L. THRASH and wife, LORA R. THRASH, KEITH HERMAN and wife, TERRY HERMAN, and WILLARD HINTZ and wife, ELIZABETH HINTZ, Petitioners v. CITY OF ASHEVILLE, a municipal corporation, Respondent, BASF CORPORATION, Petitioner v. CITY OF ASHEVILLE, a municipal corporation, Respondent\nNo. 9328SC637\n(Filed 21 June 1994)\n1. Municipal Corporations \u00a7 121 (NCI4th)\u2014 annexation\u2014 challenge \u2014 burden of proof\nWhere the record of annexation proceedings shows substantial compliance with the requirements of Chapter 160A, the burden is on petitioners to prove failure to meet those requirements or an irregularity in the proceedings which materially prejudiced their substantive rights.\nAm Jur 2d, Municipal Corporations, Counties and Other Political Subdivisions \u00a7\u00a7 70 et seq.\n2. Municipal Corporations \u00a7 49 (NCI4th)\u2014 annexation\u2014 notice \u2014 hearing continued without notice\nThe trial court did not err in an annexation challenge by finding that the City had substantially complied with N.C.G.S. \u00a7 160A-49 where the City gave proper notice of a public hearing; the City Council met at 4:00 p.m. and conducted its regular meeting; the meeting was recessed and continued until 7:00 p.m., the time scheduled for the public hearing; the public hearing was held and the Council heard from several citizens; several members of the Council did not return to the public hearing portion of the meeting; and the Council voted to continue the public hearing without further advertisement to the next regular Council meeting. By the plain language of N.C.G.S. \u00a7 160A-81, which provides for a continuance if a quorum is not present, the Council was within its authority to continue the public hearing without further advertisement.\nAm Jur 2d, Municipal Corporations, Counties and Other Political Subdivisions \u00a7\u00a7 65 et seq.\n3. Municipal Corporations \u00a7 49 (NCI4th)\u2014 annexation\u2014 notice \u2014 certificate that notice mailed to all property owners \u2014 substantial compliance\nThere was no procedural violation warranting remand of an annexation ordinance where the materials delivered to the superior court did not include a certificate that notice of the public hearing was mailed to all property owners in the affected area as required by N.C.G.S. \u00a7 160A-49(b) but there was ample evidence that the notices were mailed and no contention that the property owners did not receive the notices. The irregularity of including the certificate was so slight that it could not have prejudiced petitioner and did not preclude a finding of substantial compliance.\nAm Jur 2d, Municipal Corporations, Counties and Other Political Subdivisions \u00a7\u00a7 65 et seq.\n4. Municipal Corporations \u00a7 58 (NCI4th)\u2014 annexation\u2014 urban use of annexed property \u2014 time of calculation\nThe superior court did not err in an annexation challenge by concluding that the City appropriately found that the area to be annexed was developed for urban purposes where the finding was not made on the date of annexation. There is no requirement in Chapter 160A that the City review its tax maps or other sources on the day the annexation ordinance is adopted in order to make up-to-the-minute amendments of the annexation plan and, in this case, the calculations related to urbanization were made shortly before the ordinance was passed and were amended once to reflect corrections which the City made after the initial adoption of the annexation plan. Furthermore, the petitioner did not contend that a last minute review of the lots in the annexed area would have made any difference in the results.\nAm Jur 2d, Municipal Corporations, Counties and Other Political Subdivisions \u00a7\u00a7 66 et seq.\n5. Municipal Corporations \u00a7 77 (NCI4th)\u2014 annexation \u2014 contiguous boundary \u2014 natural topographic features \u2014 no error\nThe petitioners challenging an annexation ordinance did not establish error on the issues of contiguous boundaries and whether the City followed natural topographic features and streets where petitioners argued that the ordinance did not contain the appropriate finding concerning contiguous boundaries, but such a finding was present, and did not guide the Court of Appeals to any portion of the record containing evidence in support of the contention regarding topographic features or the statistical calculations to prove that the proposed boundaries comply with the urbanization requirements of N.C.G.S. \u00a7 160A-48.\nAm Jur 2d, Municipal Corporations, Counties and Other Political Subdivisions \u00a7\u00a7 55 et seq.\n6. Municipal Corporations \u00a7 96 (NCI4th)\u2014 annexation\u2014 water and sewer services \u2014 FmHA funds\nAn annexation was not prohibited by the fact that the annexed area consumes the majority of a water and sewer district which recently constructed water and sewer facilities using funds borrowed from the Farmers Home Administration. The statute involved, 7U.S.C. \u00a7 1926(b), does not prohibit annexation of an area served by an association such as this district; it merely prohibits the annexing municipality from curtailing, limiting, or otherwise interfering with the services provided by such an association.\nAm Jur 2d, Municipal Corporations, Counties and Other Political Subdivisions \u00a7\u00a7 56 et seq.\nAppeal by petitioners from judgment entered 15 December 1992 by Judge James U. Downs in Buncombe County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 10 March 1994.\nThis appeal arises from petitioners\u2019 challenge to an annexation ordinance adopted by the City of Asheville (the City) on 18 December 1990. Petitioners initiated review proceedings in the superior court pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 160A-50(a) (1987) and argued that the City did not comply with all the requirements for annexation found in Chapter 160A of the General Statutes. The superior court determined that the City substantially complied with the requirements of Chapter 160A and entered judgment for the City. From this judgment petitioners appeal.\nAdams, Hendon, Carson, Crow & Saenger P.A., by S.J. Crow and Martin Reidinger, for petitioner appellants Thrash, et al.\nMoore & Van Allen, by Douglas R. Ghidina, for petitioner appellant BASF Corp.\nNesbitt & Slawter, by William F. Slawter and Sarah Patterson Brison, for respondent appellee." }, "file_name": "0310-01", "first_page_order": 342, "last_page_order": 350 }