{ "id": 11920314, "name": "BALTAZAR BENAVIDES, Employee-Plaintiff v. SUMMIT STRUCTURES, INC., Employer-Defendant, and AETNA CASUALTY & SURETY CO., Carrier-Defendant", "name_abbreviation": "Benavides v. Summit Structures, Inc.", "decision_date": "1995-05-02", "docket_number": "No. COA 94-729", "first_page": "645", "last_page": "649", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "118 N.C. App. 645" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "290 S.E.2d 682", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "684", "parenthetical": "emphasis in original" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "305 N.C. 593", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8572767 ], "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "595", "parenthetical": "emphasis in original" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/305/0593-01" ] }, { "cite": "292 S.E.2d 144", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "147" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "57 N.C. App. 619", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8525498 ], "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "623" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/57/0619-01" ] }, { "cite": "407 S.E.2d 851", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1991, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "329 N.C. 276", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2554656, 2556769, 2554082, 2555983, 2554576 ], "year": 1991, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/329/0276-02", "/nc/329/0276-05", "/nc/329/0276-04", "/nc/329/0276-03", "/nc/329/0276-01" ] }, { "cite": "397 S.E.2d 240", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "241" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "100 N.C. App. 527", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8527105 ], "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "529" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/100/0527-01" ] }, { "cite": "427 S.E.2d 618", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1993, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "333 N.C. 461", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2546306, 2547331, 2545603, 2548111, 2548528 ], "year": 1993, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/333/0461-01", "/nc/333/0461-02", "/nc/333/0461-05", "/nc/333/0461-03", "/nc/333/0461-04" ] }, { "cite": "421 S.E.2d 603", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "604", "parenthetical": "citations omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "107 N.C. App. 751", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8527978 ], "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "754", "parenthetical": "citations omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/107/0751-01" ] }, { "cite": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 97-32", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "N.C. Gen. Stat.", "year": 1994, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "440 S.E.2d 115", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "118" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "113 N.C. App. 619", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8523934 ], "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "623" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/113/0619-01" ] }, { "cite": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 97-31", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "N.C. Gen. Stat.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 97-29", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "N.C. Gen. Stat.", "opinion_index": 0 } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 579, "char_count": 10385, "ocr_confidence": 0.733, "pagerank": { "raw": 4.03580807328026e-08, "percentile": 0.2442806511113196 }, "sha256": "4ba26b46f670f50837f0dd973e22a3c8d5dc0e63d733dca1b02606ea0e5beed6", "simhash": "1:46056dee2197c210", "word_count": 1635 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T20:04:31.897721+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Judges EAGLES and MARTIN, JOHN C. concur." ], "parties": [ "BALTAZAR BENAVIDES, Employee-Plaintiff v. SUMMIT STRUCTURES, INC., Employer-Defendant, and AETNA CASUALTY & SURETY CO., Carrier-Defendant" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "WALKER, Judge.\nPlaintiff sustained a back injury on 12 January 1988 while working for defendant employer. In June 1988, plaintiff instituted this workers\u2019 compensation claim. On 25 August 1988, defendant carrier accepted plaintiffs claim and paid plaintiff temporary total disability benefits at the weekly rate of $133.33 for approximately one year. On 22 August 1989, defendants sought approval from the Commission to stop payment of compensation to plaintiff on the ground that \u201cthe claimant has reached maximum improvement and has been rated.\u201d This request was approved on 30 August 1989.\nOn 26 June 1990, plaintiff filed a Form 33 with the Commission claiming that he was entitled to permanent total disability benefits pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 97-29. Defendants responded that plaintiff was only entitled to an appropriate permanent partial disability rating pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 97-31. A hearing was held before a deputy commissioner in September 1991. After further discovery, the deputy commissioner entered an opinion and award containing the following conclusions of law:\n1. As a result of the injury by accident giving rise hereto, plaintiff was temporarily totally disabled from April 12, 1988 through January 14, 1989 and from February 3, 1989 to April 17, 1990. . . .\n2. As a result of the injury by accident giving rise hereto, plaintiff was temporarily partially disabled from January 15, 1989 to February 3, 1989. . . .\n3. Plaintiff unjustifiably refused employment suitable to his capacity which was offered to him and procured for him by defendant employer.\n4. Plaintiff obtained the end of the healing period on July 17, 1990 and as a result of the injury by accident giving rise hereto, he sustained 25 percent permanent partial impairment of the back. . . .\nPlaintiff appealed to the Full Commission, which affirmed and adopted the deputy commissioner\u2019s findings and conclusions by Opinion and Award entered 18 February 1994.\nOur review of an Opinion and Award of the Industrial Commission is limited to a determination of whether the Commission\u2019s findings are supported by competent evidence and whether the findings justify the Commission\u2019s conclusions. Gilbert v. Entenmann\u2019s, Inc., 113 N.C. App. 619, 623, 440 S.E.2d 115, 118 (1994).\nN.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 97-32 (1994) states that \u201c[i)f an injured employee refuses employment procured for him suitable to his capacity he shall not be entitled to any compensation at any time during the continuance of such refusal, unless in the opinion of the Industrial Commission such refusal was justified.\u201d Plaintiff argues that the Full Commission committed reversible error in affirming and adopting the deputy commissioner\u2019s conclusion that \u201c[p]laintiff unjustifiably refused employment suitable to his capacity which was offered to him and procured for him by defendant employer.\u201d\nThe Commission found the following facts: On 15 March 1990, Bruce Buirkle, a vocational specialist retained by defendants to assist plaintiff with job placement, contacted plaintiff\u2019s counsel to initiate vocational services. On 20 March, Buirkle met with plaintiff and his family at their home in order to discuss vocational rehabilitation for plaintiff, including job placement. On 4 April, Randy Ayers, plaintiff\u2019s supervisor, advised Buirkle that a part-time light duty janitorial position was available for plaintiff with defendant employer. This position would involve working about four hours daily, five days weekly at job duties including mopping, sweeping, emptying paper-filled trash can liners from trash cans, picking up trash in the parking lot using a nail-studded stick, and operating a push-mower. Plaintiff\u2019s physician, Dr. Stephan Lowe, advised plaintiff\u2019s counsel that the job was \u201ca very reasonable one for plaintiff to try\u201d and encouraged plaintiff to do so. Buirkle left several detailed messages with plaintiff\u2019s counsel regarding the job and tried numerous times to reach plaintiff personally. Finally, Buirkle reached plaintiff on 17 April 1990 and advised him that the job was available and that Dr. Lowe had recommended that plaintiff take the job. Neither plaintiff nor his counsel ever advised Buirkle that plaintiff would accept the position. Ayers held the job for plaintiff until 23 April 1990, at which time he had to hire someone else. The Commission found that \u201c[t]he janitorial position which was offered to plaintiff . . . was one suitable to his capacity. Evidence to the contrary is not accepted as credible. The credible evidence fails to establish any justification for plaintiff\u2019s failure to accept said position.\u201d\nThe Commission also found that in June 1990, as a result of Buirkle\u2019s continued efforts to locate employment consistent with plaintiff\u2019s physical limitations, YSM Janitorial Company agreed to give plaintiff a work try-out in a light duty janitorial position which was available at a Coca-Cola plant. The job consisted of cleaning for four hours daily and was within the limitations prescribed by Dr. Lowe. On 27 June, Buirkle took plaintiff to the work site, but plaintiff refused to work because of a rash on his neck, chest, and arms. The next day, plaintiff\u2019s rash had improved significantly and he and Buirkle returned to the plant. A YSM employee explained to plaintiff that the job duties would include cleaning two restrooms, dust mopping a floor, and wiping off tables in a break room. In spite of \u201crepeated modeling and coaxing\u201d by Buirkle, plaintiff refused to wipe off the break room tables, ostensibly because \u201cpeople were eating in the break room.\u201d After explaining and modeling the dust mopping job, Buirkle asked plaintiff to try it. Plaintiff then \u201ctook hold of the handle in a tentative manner, pushed the mop about three feet with a very awkward gait and then stopped,\u201d complaining that \u201che could not work anymore due to his having a lot of pain.\u201d The Commission found that \u201c[p]laintiff was able to perform this janitorial job on June 28, 1990 and evidence to the contrary is not accepted as credible.\u201d The Commission also found that \u201c[s]ince the injury by accident giving rise hereto, plaintiff has made no effort, independent of those efforts of Buirkle, to locate employment suitable to his capacity.\u201d\nPlaintiff presented evidence that the defendant employer\u2019s offer of a light duty job \u201cwas not communicated to him until six days before it was given to someone else\u201d and that plaintiff \u201cagreed to begin the job before it was filled.\u201d With respect to the job with YSM at the Coca-Cola plant, plaintiff presented evidence that the job was beyond his physical capacity and that after his \u201ctry-out\u201d the YSM supervisor decided plaintiff would \u201cnot work out.\u201d Plaintiff argues that he \u201ccould not have refused to accept this job, because it was never offered to him.\u201d The Commission did not find plaintiffs evidence credible. \u201cThe Commission is the \u2018sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses, and the weight to be given to their [testimony]. . . .\u2019 \u201d Blankley v. White Swan Uniform Rentals, 107 N.C. App. 751, 754, 421 S.E.2d 603, 604 (1992) (citations omitted) (affirming Commission\u2019s conclusion that plaintiff unjustifi\u00e1bly refused employment suitable to his capacity offered by defendant employer), disc. rev. denied, 333 N.C. 461, 427 S.E.2d 618 (1993). The Commission\u2019s findings of fact are conclusive and binding on appeal if supported by competent evidence in the record. Suggs v. Snow Hill Milling Co., 100 N.C. App. 527, 529, 397 S.E.2d 240, 241 (1990), disc. rev. denied, 329 N.C. 276, 407 S.E.2d 851 (1991). The record reveals ample support for the Commission\u2019s findings, and these findings support the conclusion that plaintiff unjustifiably refused employment suitable to his capacity which was offered to him and procured for him by his employer.\nPlaintiff also argues that the Commission committed reversible error in concluding that he was entitled to compensation only for permanent partial impairment pursuant to the 25% disability rating on his back. He claims the evidence showed he was entitled to permanent total disability. \u201cThe test for disability is whether and to what extent earning capacity is impaired, not the fact or extent of physical impairment.\u201d Robinson v. J.P. Stevens, 57 N.C. App. 619, 623, 292 S.E.2d 144, 147 (1982). Thus, in order to receive benefits for permanent total disability, plaintiff had the \u201cburden to persuade the Commission not only that he had obtained no other employment but that he was unable to obtain other employment.\u201d Hilliard v. Apex Cabinet Co., 305 N.C. 593, 595, 290 S.E.2d 682, 684 (1982) (emphasis in original).\nAs noted earlier, plaintiff testified that he was unable to work the light duty jobs offered to him, but the Commission did not find this testimony credible. Accordingly, the Commission\u2019s finding of partial disability amounts to a finding that plaintiff failed to carry his burden of proof as to total disability and that he was, in fact, able to earn some wages. Given the ample evidence in the record to support this finding, we affirm the Commission on this assignment of error.\nFinally, plaintiff argues that the Commission\u2019s decision \u201cis patently contrary to the philosophy of the workers\u2019 compensation act and the public policy of this state.\u201d We have carefully examined the record and find this assignment of error to be without merit. The Opinion and Award of the Industrial Commission is hereby\nAffirmed.\nJudges EAGLES and MARTIN, JOHN C. concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "WALKER, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Wolfe and Collins, P.A., by George M. Cleland, IV, for plaintiff-appellant.", "Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice, L.L.R, by Clayton M. Custer and R. Anthony Hartsoe, for defendants-appellees." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "BALTAZAR BENAVIDES, Employee-Plaintiff v. SUMMIT STRUCTURES, INC., Employer-Defendant, and AETNA CASUALTY & SURETY CO., Carrier-Defendant\nNo. COA 94-729\n(Filed 2 May 1995)\nWorkers\u2019 Compensation \u00a7 297 (NCI4th)\u2014 refusal to accept suitable employment \u2014 sufficiency of evidence\nThe record revealed ample support for the Industrial Commission\u2019s findings, and those findings supported the conclusion th\u00e1t plaintiff unjustifiably refused employment suitable to his capacity which was offered to him and procured for him by his employer.\nAm Jur 2d, Workers\u2019 Compensation \u00a7 399.\nAppeal by plaintiff from Opinion and Award of the North Carolina Industrial Commission filed 18 February 1994. Heard in the Court'of Appeals 23 March 1995.\nWolfe and Collins, P.A., by George M. Cleland, IV, for plaintiff-appellant.\nWomble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice, L.L.R, by Clayton M. Custer and R. Anthony Hartsoe, for defendants-appellees." }, "file_name": "0645-01", "first_page_order": 677, "last_page_order": 681 }