{ "id": 11889646, "name": "JOHN T. TIERNEY, W. R. ARMSTRONG, JR., DIANNE JUBY, W. W. BECK, JR., JAMES C. HEDGECOCK, JACQUE HEDGECOCK, ROBERT DOWNING, STEVEN COHEN, TIMOTHY J. DENAULT, SUSAN P.A. DENAULT, DENNIS HALL, CAROL HALL, CAREY BERG, CONNALLY BRANCH, AND SUBSCRIBERS OF FIRST CONSUMERS STATE BANK, SOUTHERN PINES (PROPOSED), Plaintiffs v. ROBERT M. GARRARD, Defendant", "name_abbreviation": "Tierney v. Garrard", "decision_date": "1996-11-05", "docket_number": "No. COA95-1399", "first_page": "415", "last_page": "420", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "124 N.C. App. 415" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "342 S.E.2d 557", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "559" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "80 N.C. App. 482", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8524443 ], "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "484" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/80/0482-01" ] }, { "cite": "476 S.E.2d 443", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "holding that the second paragraph of G.S. \u00a7 1-21 nullifies the statute's tolling provision" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "124 N.C. App. 208", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 11889128 ], "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "holding that the second paragraph of G.S. \u00a7 1-21 nullifies the statute's tolling provision" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/124/0208-01" ] }, { "cite": "332 S.E.2d 83", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1985, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "313 N.C. 612", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4722697, 4725936, 4721340, 4722525, 4724158 ], "year": 1985, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/313/0612-03", "/nc/313/0612-05", "/nc/313/0612-01", "/nc/313/0612-02", "/nc/313/0612-04" ] }, { "cite": "323 S.E.2d 470", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "475" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "72 N.C. App. 107", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8526269 ], "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "113" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/72/0107-01" ] }, { "cite": "12 Wake Forest L. Rev. 1041", "category": "journals:journal", "reporter": "Wake Forest L. Rev.", "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "224 S.E.2d 674", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "289 N.C. 726", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8572800, 8572775, 8572842, 8572818, 8572759 ], "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/289/0726-03", "/nc/289/0726-02", "/nc/289/0726-05", "/nc/289/0726-04", "/nc/289/0726-01" ] }, { "cite": "221 S.E.2d 895", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1976, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "898" }, { "page": "898" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "28 N.C. App. 568", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8551071 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1976, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "572" }, { "page": "572" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/28/0568-01" ] }, { "cite": "254 S.E.2d 918", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1979, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "297 N.C. 298", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8569168, 8569074, 8569204, 8568953, 8569117 ], "year": 1979, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/297/0298-04", "/nc/297/0298-02", "/nc/297/0298-05", "/nc/297/0298-01", "/nc/297/0298-03" ] }, { "cite": "250 S.E.2d 678", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "680-81" }, { "page": "680-81" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "39 N.C. App. 450", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8552829 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "452" }, { "page": "452" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/39/0450-01" ] }, { "cite": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 1-52", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "N.C. Gen. Stat.", "year": 1995, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 1-21", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "N.C. Gen. Stat.", "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0 } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 627, "char_count": 12274, "ocr_confidence": 0.755, "pagerank": { "raw": 3.7061382151151213e-07, "percentile": 0.8931611456884165 }, "sha256": "cfe096f328a9a2fe22fd8ec6ab73084e307015131dc9cd283fb32f390a5a3ae9", "simhash": "1:9b6f9f3900480e5b", "word_count": 2035 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:03:33.335576+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Judges JOHNSON and GREENE concur." ], "parties": [ "JOHN T. TIERNEY, W. R. ARMSTRONG, JR., DIANNE JUBY, W. W. BECK, JR., JAMES C. HEDGECOCK, JACQUE HEDGECOCK, ROBERT DOWNING, STEVEN COHEN, TIMOTHY J. DENAULT, SUSAN P.A. DENAULT, DENNIS HALL, CAROL HALL, CAREY BERG, CONNALLY BRANCH, AND SUBSCRIBERS OF FIRST CONSUMERS STATE BANK, SOUTHERN PINES (PROPOSED), Plaintiffs v. ROBERT M. GARRARD, Defendant" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "ARNOLD, Chief Judge.\nThe only issue for our review is plaintiffs\u2019 first assignment of error, which addresses whether N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 1-21 (1983) operates to toll the statutes of limitations applicable to their claims, and in turn whether the trial court correctly dismissed the action. Plaintiffs cite no authority and make no argument in support of their second assignment of error, which asserts that the trial court erred in denying their Motion to Set Aside the Order of Dismissal. We therefore deem plaintiffs\u2019 second assignment of error abandoned pursuant to Rule 28(b)(5) of the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure, and we consider only such evidence in the record as applies to the trial court\u2019s 5 June 1995 order of dismissal.\nPursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 1-52 (Supp. 1995), a three-year statute of limitations applies to plaintiffs\u2019 claims of fraud and breach of fiduciary duty. A two-year statute of limitations applies to plaintiffs\u2019 claims of securities fraud under N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 78A-56(f) (1994). In their complaint, plaintiffs alleged that defendant\u2019s fraudulent conduct occurred in August 1990, and they discovered it in September 1990. Plaintiffs did not file their complaint, however, until more than four years later, on 28. December 1994. Therefore, to maintain their cause of action, plaintiffs argue that the statutes of limitations were tolled by G.S. \u00a7 1-21, which provides, in pertinent part:\nIf when the cause of action accrues or judgment is rendered or docketed against a person, he is out of the State, action may be commenced, or judgment enforced within the times herein limited after the return of the person into this State, and if, after such cause of action accrues or judgment is rendered or docketed, such person departs from and resides out of this State, or remains continuously absent therefrom for one year or more, the time of his absence shall not be a part of the time limited for the commencement of the action or the enforcement of the judgment.\nThe provisions of this section shall not apply to the extent that a court of this State has or continues to have jurisdiction over the person under the provisions of G.S. 1-75.4.\n(Emphasis added.) \u201cThe burden of proof is upon plaintiff to show that defendant comes within the purview of N.C.G.S. 1-21.\u201d Burkhimer v. Gealy, 39 N.C. App. 450, 452, 250 S.E.2d 678, 680-81, disc. review denied, 297 N.C. 298, 254 S.E.2d 918 (1979).\nIn 1979 the North Carolina legislature amended G.S. \u00a7 1-21 by-adding the second paragraph, in an attempt to resolve potential conflict between the tolling statute and the long-arm statute. See 1979 N.C. Sess. Laws ch. 525, \u00a7 1. Prior to that time, this Court addressed the tolling statute and suggested the propriety of such an amendment:\nWe are in full accord with those who have said that the application of a tolling statute when defendant has at all times been subject to the service of process by which the court would have acquired personal jurisdiction is inimical to the general purposes of statutes of limitations. Those statutes exist to eliminate the injustice which may result from the assertion of stale claims by providing a reasonable but definite time within which a claim must be prosecuted in the courts or be forever barred. We also agree with those who say there is no need for a tolling statute when a nonresident defendant is amenable to process. For these and other very logical reasons the legislative bodies of several states have amended their tolling statutes to provide expressly that statutes of limitation are not tolled during the absence of a defendant who remains amenable to service that would give the court personal jurisdiction.\nDuke University v. Chestnut, 28 N.C. App. 568, 572, 221 S.E.2d 895, 898, appeal dismissed, 289 N.C. 726, 224 S.E.2d 674 (1976); see Note, Tolled Statute of Limitations v. Long-Arm Statute Amenability, 12 Wake Forest L. Rev. 1041 (1976).\nThe addition of the second paragraph of G.S. \u00a7 1-21 provides, in effect, that G.S. \u00a7 1-21 is not applicable to toll a statute of limitations if a defendant is amenable to long-arm jurisdiction under G.S. \u00a7 1-75.4. See Stokes v. Wilson and Redding Law Firm, 72 N.C. App. 107, 113, 323 S.E.2d 470, 475 (1984), disc. review denied, 313 N.C. 612, 332 S.E.2d 83 (1985). See Laurent v. U.S. Air, Inc., 124 N.C. App. 208, 476 S.E.2d 443 (1996) (holding that the second paragraph of G.S. \u00a7 1-21 nullifies the statute\u2019s tolling provision). The long-arm statute provides, in pertinent part:\nA court of this State having jurisdiction of the subject matter has jurisdiction over a person served in an action pursuant to Rule 4(j), Rule 4Q1), or Rule 4Q3) of the Rules of Civil Procedure under any of the following circumstances:\n(3) Local Act or Omission. \u2014 In any action claiming injury to person or property or for wrongful death within or without this State arising out of an act or omission within this State by the defendant.\nG.S. \u00a7 1-75.4.\nIn this case, plaintiffs admit in their complaint that at the time of the conduct alleged, defendant was a citizen and resident of North Carolina, and that defendant left the state only after the events alleged. Clearly, as is shown on the face of plaintiffs\u2019 complaint, defendant was amenable to personal jurisdiction pursuant to G.S. \u00a7 1-75.4(3), if not another subsection of that provision. See, e.g., G.S. \u00a7 1-75.4(1) (Local Presence or Status); G.S. \u00a7 1-75.4(5) (Local Services, Goods or Contracts).\nWhile G.S. \u00a7 1-75.4 prescribes the grounds upon which a court may exercise personal jurisdiction, Rule 4 of the North Carolina Rules of Civil Procedure provides the manner in which personal jurisdiction is exercised or asserted. See G.S. \u00a7 1A-1, Rule 4 cmt. to original rule (1990). Rule 4(jl) provides for service by publication on a party that cannot otherwise be served:\n[S]ervice of process by publication shall consist of publishing a notice of service of process by publication once a week for three successive weeks in a newspaper that is qualified for legal advertising in accordance with G.S. 1-597 and G.S. 1-598 and circulated in the area where the party to be served is believed by the serving party to be located, or if there is no reliable information concerning the location of the party then in a newspaper circulated in the county where the action is pending.\nG.S. \u00a7 1A-1, Rule 401) (Supp. 1995).\nAccordingly, plaintiffs could have served defendant by publication, even if they did not know where he was located. Clearly, defendant was, at all relevant times after the conduct complained of, amenable to process pursuant to G.S. \u00a7\u00a7 1-75.4 and 1A-1, Rule 4.\nPlaintiffs contend that the last paragraph of G.S. \u00a7 1-21, exempting from the tolling provisions a defendant amenable to process pursuant to G.S. \u00a7 1-75.4, \u201cmust be read to mean personal process of some sort,\u201d and not service by publication. They urge that a different reading of the interplay between \u00a7\u00a7 1-21, 1-75.4, and 1A-1, Rule 4 \u201chas the effect of turning the whole of \u00a7 1-21 into a nullity.\u201d Plaintiffs make a novel argument, but we find that the plain language of the second paragraph of G.S. \u00a7 1-21 is unambiguous and does not limit the exemption from its tolling provisions to those defendants amenable only to personal process. Plaintiffs\u2019 arguments to the contrary are unpersuasive.\nPlaintiffs may not avail themselves of the tolling statute by their own failure to timely serve defendant when he was statutorily amenable to process. We reiterate that to apply the tolling statute when a defendant \u201chas at all times been subject to the service of process by which the court would have acquired personal jurisdiction is inimical to the general purposes of statutes of limitations.\u201d Chestnut, 28 N.C. App. at 572, 221 S.E.2d at 898.\nPlaintiffs have failed in their burden of proving that G.S. \u00a7 1-21 operates to toll the applicable statutes of limitations in this case. See Burkhimer, 39 N.C. App. at 452, 250 S.E.2d at 680-81. \u201cA statute of limitations can be the basis for dismissal on a Rule 12(b)(6) motion if the face of the complaint discloses that plaintiffs claim is so barred.\u201d Long v. Fink, 80 N.C. App. 482, 484, 342 S.E.2d 557, 559 (1986). The trial court\u2019s order dismissing plaintiffs\u2019 claims pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) and 12(c) of the North Carolina Rules of Civil Procedure is, therefore,\nAffirmed.\nJudges JOHNSON and GREENE concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "ARNOLD, Chief Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Britt & Britt, by William S. Britt, for plaintiff appellants.", "Bugg & Wolf, P.A., by John E. Bugg and William J. Wolf, for defendant appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "JOHN T. TIERNEY, W. R. ARMSTRONG, JR., DIANNE JUBY, W. W. BECK, JR., JAMES C. HEDGECOCK, JACQUE HEDGECOCK, ROBERT DOWNING, STEVEN COHEN, TIMOTHY J. DENAULT, SUSAN P.A. DENAULT, DENNIS HALL, CAROL HALL, CAREY BERG, CONNALLY BRANCH, AND SUBSCRIBERS OF FIRST CONSUMERS STATE BANK, SOUTHERN PINES (PROPOSED), Plaintiffs v. ROBERT M. GARRARD, Defendant\nNo. COA95-1399\n(Filed 5 November 1996)\nLimitations, Repose, and Laches \u00a7 125 (NCI4th)\u2014 absence of defendant from state \u2014 defendant amenable to service by publication \u2014 limitations period not tolled\nThe statutes of limitations for plaintiffs\u2019 claims against defendant based upon conduct in this state while defendant was a resident of this state were not tolled by N.C.G.S. \u00a7 1-21 after defendant left this state where defendant was amenable to personal jurisdiction pursuant to service by publication under N.C.G.S. \u00a7 1-75.4(3). The second paragraph of \u00a7 1-21 exempting from the tolling provisions a defendant amenable to process pursuant to N.C.G.S. \u00a7 1-75.4 does not apply only to defendants amenable to personal process.\nAm Jur 2d, Courts \u00a7\u00a7 102-104; Limitation of Actions \u00a7\u00a7 154-155.\nAppeal by plaintiffs from orders entered 5 June 1995 and 24 July 1995 by Judge James M. Webb in Moore County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 18 September 1996.\nPlaintiffs filed a suit against defendant alleging securities fraud, breach of fiduciary duty, and fraud relating to a failed banking business venture, in which defendant was chairman of the proposed bank\u2019s Incorporators and Steering Committee. Specifically, plaintiffs claimed that defendant misapplied organizational funds entrusted to his control, both for personal gain and as part of a continuing scheme to defraud potential and existing subscribers to the proposed bank. They asserted that as a result of defendant\u2019s alleged misconduct, the proposed bank suffered a net earnings loss of $207,360.00, and plaintiffs individually suffered a personal loss of $126,000.00.\nPlaintiffs alleged that the conduct complained of occurred when defendant resided in Moore [County], North Carolina, before or in early August 1990. They also claimed, however, that \u201csoon after the events alleged,\u201d defendant left and remained out of the state, and they did not learn of some of the alleged misappropriations until September 1990.\nPlaintiffs filed their complaint on 28 December 1994, more than four years after the alleged events occurred. On 20 February 1995 defendant filed a Motion to Dismiss, based in part on the applicable statutes of limitations, and on or about 1 March 1995, he filed an Answer and Counterclaims and a Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings. On or about 4 May 1995, defendant filed an Amended Motion to Dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6) of the North Carolina Rules of Civil Procedure, asserting that plaintiff\u2019s complaint disclosed on its face that the action was barred by the applicable statutes of limitations and other time-based defenses.\nAfter a hearing on 5 June 1995, the trial court ordered dismissal of the action pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) and Rule 12(c) of the North Carolina Rules of Civil Procedure. Plaintiffs filed a Motion to Set Aside Order of Dismissal on or about 14 June 1995. After hearing arguments and reviewing plaintiffs\u2019 motion and several affidavits concerning defendant\u2019s location following his alleged misconduct, the trial court denied plaintiffs\u2019 Motion to Set Aside the Order of Dismissal on 24 July 1995, finding that plaintiffs \u201cfailed to assert \u2018new evidence\u2019 that would change the outcome of the Court\u2019s prior ruling.\u201d\nPlaintiffs now appeal both the trial court\u2019s original order of dismissal and its order denying plaintiffs\u2019 motion to set aside the dismissal order.\nBritt & Britt, by William S. Britt, for plaintiff appellants.\nBugg & Wolf, P.A., by John E. Bugg and William J. Wolf, for defendant appellee." }, "file_name": "0415-01", "first_page_order": 453, "last_page_order": 458 }