{ "id": 11794689, "name": "ESTATE OF JACQUELINE MELISSA MULLIS, by KATHY DIXON, Administrator, Plaintiff-Appellant v. MONROE OIL COMPANY, INCORPORATED, CITY OF MONROE ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE CONTROL, LISTON S. DARBY, Administrator of the Estate of Dwaine Lydell Darby, and the Estate of Otis Stephen Blount, Defendants-Appellees", "name_abbreviation": "Estate of Mullis ex rel. Dixon v. Monroe Oil Co.", "decision_date": "1997-08-19", "docket_number": "No. COA96-1230", "first_page": "277", "last_page": "281", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "127 N.C. App. 277" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "305 S.E.2d 734", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "309 N.C. 191", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4765284, 4764974, 4766543, 4763289, 4768921 ], "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/309/0191-01", "/nc/309/0191-04", "/nc/309/0191-02", "/nc/309/0191-03", "/nc/309/0191-05" ] }, { "cite": "303 S.E.2d 584", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "587" }, { "page": "586" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "63 N.C. App. 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8523739 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "5" }, { "page": "2" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/63/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "403 S.E.2d 914", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "921" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "102 N.C. App. 583", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8525257 ], "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "594" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/102/0583-01" ] }, { "cite": "315 S.E.2d 702", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1984, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "310 N.C. 744", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2400561, 2399698, 2394071, 2398716, 2396287 ], "year": 1984, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/310/0744-03", "/nc/310/0744-04", "/nc/310/0744-01", "/nc/310/0744-02", "/nc/310/0744-05" ] }, { "cite": "309 S.E.2d 531", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "533" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "65 N.C. App. 526", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8524955 ], "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "528" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/65/0526-01" ] }, { "cite": "314 S.E.2d 739", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "742" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "310 N.C. 669", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2392835 ], "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "673" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/310/0669-01" ] }, { "cite": "420 S.E.2d 174", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 7, "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "177" }, { "page": "178" }, { "parenthetical": "emphasis supplied." }, { "page": "177" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "332 N.C. 299", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2504877 ], "weight": 5, "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "304" }, { "page": "305" }, { "page": "304" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/332/0299-01" ] }, { "cite": "488 S.E.2d 828", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1997, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "127 N.C. App. 301", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 11795050 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1997, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/127/0301-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 551, "char_count": 10584, "ocr_confidence": 0.764, "pagerank": { "raw": 2.1540046093849542e-07, "percentile": 0.7688467551583124 }, "sha256": "d948837f0350f260c8abe30ca23b825749a87cd34fef4e2d971c9f3820932134", "simhash": "1:7f0a87c0503e2612", "word_count": 1751 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T19:43:16.540119+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Judges LEWIS and MARTIN, John C., concur." ], "parties": [ "ESTATE OF JACQUELINE MELISSA MULLIS, by KATHY DIXON, Administrator, Plaintiff-Appellant v. MONROE OIL COMPANY, INCORPORATED, CITY OF MONROE ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE CONTROL, LISTON S. DARBY, Administrator of the Estate of Dwaine Lydell Darby, and the Estate of Otis Stephen Blount, Defendants-Appellees" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "WYNN, Judge.\nThe facts of this appeal are set forth in greater detail in the companion case of Estate of Darby v. Monroe Oil Co., Inc., 127 N.C. App. 301, 488 S.E.2d 828 (1997). The following facts are pertinent to this appeal: Shortly after midnight on 1 May 1993, Otis Stephen Blount drove a vehicle owned by the front seat passenger, Dwaine Darby, off the road and into a tree killing himself, Darby and the two backseat passengers, Melissa Mullis and Patty Teel. All were under the age of twenty one and the accident was caused by Blount\u2019s intoxication. Earlier that evening, Blount had twice purchased and consumed liquor from a store operated by defendant City of Monroe Alcoholic Beverage Control (\u201cMonroe ABC\u201d) and beer from a convenience store owned by defendant Monroe Oil Company, Inc. (\u201cMonroe Oil\u201d).\nUnlike the plaintiff estate in Estate of Darby, for reasons not given in the record, the Estate of Melissa Mullis failed to file an action under N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 18B-120 (1996) (\u201cthe Dram Shop Act\u201d) within the one year statute of limitations period. Having lost this opportunity to obtain relief under the Dram Shop Act, the administrator of Melissa Mullis\u2019 estate brought a wrongful death action alleging that Monroe Oil and Monroe ABC negligently sold alcoholic beverages to an underage person in violation of N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 18B-102 (1996) (prohibiting the unlawful manufacture, sale, etc. of alcohol) and N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 18B-302 (1996) (prohibiting the sale of alcohol to underage persons). Following discovery, Monroe Oil and Monroe ABC moved for and the trial court granted summary judgment. From that judgment, the Estate of Mullis appealed to this Court.\nWe confront in this appeal the novel question of whether a plaintiff may maintain a wrongful death action against a vendor on the basis of the vendor\u2019s unlawful sale of alcohol to an underage person in violation of N.C.G.S. \u00a7 18B-102 in general, and more specifically, N.C.G.S. \u00a7 18B-302.\nThe plaintiff, Estate of Mullis, in this case, argues that in addition to the cause of action provided by the Dram Shop Act, a cause of action may be maintained under the wrongful death statute against vendors who unlawfully sell alcohol to underage persons who as a result of their intoxication from the consumption of alcohol injures or kills others. In response, the vendors in this case, Monroe Oil and Monroe ABC, contend that the Dram Shop Act provides the exclusive remedy for Estate of Mullis. Alternatively, they argue that Melissa Mullis\u2019 contributory negligence bars, as a matter of law, any potential wrongful death action.\nFor the reasons given below, we interpret our Supreme Court\u2019s decision in Hart v. Ivey, 332 N.C. 299, 420 S.E.2d 174, (1992), to compel a finding that the Estate of Mullis may not maintain an action under the wrongful death statute in this case.\nIn Carver v. Carver, 310 N.C. 669, 673, 314 S.E.2d 739, 742 (1984), our Supreme Court noted:\n[I]n determining whether any wrongful death action is maintainable, this Court has consistently analyzed the question in terms of whether the deceased had he lived would have had a claim against defendant for injuries inflicted. If so, then the estate of the deceased may maintain an action for wrongful death; if not, then the action for wrongful death will not lie.\nThus, to maintain a wrongful death action against the vendors in the instant case, the Estate of Mullis must show that the deceased, Melissa Mullis, would have had a claim against Monroe Oil and Monroe ABC had she lived. We conclude that had Melissa Mullis lived, she could have maintained neither a negligence per se cause of action based on a violation of N.C.G.S. \u00a7 18B-302, nor an action under common law negligence based on the selling of alcohol to underage persons in violation of N.C.G.S. \u00a7 18B-102.\nFirst, had Melissa Mullis lived, she could not have established that a violation of N.C.G.S. \u00a7 18B-302 was negligence per se. The Estate of Mullis argues that the vendors\u2019 alleged violation of N.C.G.S. \u00a7 18B-302 \u2014 making it unlawful to sell or give alcoholic beverages to persons under twenty-one years of age \u2014 constitutes negligence per se. However, in Hart v. Ivey, our Supreme Court, after determining that this statute was not a public safety statute, held that \u201ca violation of N.C.G.S. \u00a7 18B-302 is not negligence per se.\u201d 332 N.C. at 304, 420 S.E.2d at 177. The Court explained that the purpose of this statute was not to protect the driving public from intoxicated drivers, rather it was to restrict the consumption of alcohol by minors. Id. Thus, Melissa Mullis could not have established that the vendors\u2019 violation of N.C.G.S. \u00a7 18B-302 constituted negligence per se.\nSecond, had Melissa Mullis lived, she could not have established a common law negligence action. To establish a prima facie case of common law negligence, a plaintiff must show:\n(1) that defendants had a duty or obligation recognized by the law, requiring them to conform to a certain standard of conduct, for the protection of others against unreasonable risks;\n(2) a failure on defendants\u2019 part to conform to the standard required;\n(3) a reasonably close causal connection between defendants\u2019 conduct and plaintiffs\u2019 injuries; and\n(4) actual loss or damage.\nFreeman v. Finney and Zwigard v. Mobil Oil Corp., 65 N.C. App. 526, 528, 309 S.E.2d 531, 533, disc. review denied, 310 N.C. 744, 315 S.E.2d 702 (1984). \u201cOur courts to date have not articulated any common law duty existing between a third-party furnishing alcohol to underage persons and the public at large.\u201d Hart v. Ivey, 102 N.C. App. 583, 594, 403 S.E.2d 914, 921, aff\u2019d on other grounds, 332 N.C. 299, 420 S.E.2d 174 (1992). Moreover, in Hutchens v. Hankins, 63 N.C. App. 1, 5, 303 S.E.2d 584, 587, disc. review denied, 309 N.C. 191, 305 S.E.2d 734 (1983), this Court observed that \u201c[u]nder the common law rule it was not a tort to either sell or give intoxicating liquor to ordinary able-bodied men, and no cause of action existed against one furnishing liquor in favor of those injured by the intoxication of the person so furnished.\u201d\nConcerning the existence of a duty under common law negligence to the general public, we find it significant in this case that unlike the plaintiffs in Hart and Hutchens, the Estate of Mullis did not allege that the vendors furnished the alcohol to Blount with either actual or constructive knowledge that he was intoxicated.\nIn Hart, the plaintiffs alleged facts sufficient to support a claim of actionable common law negligence in that \u201cthe defendants served an alcoholic beverage to a person they knew or should have known was under the influence of alcohol and that the defendants knew that the person who was under the influence of alcohol would shortly thereafter drive an automobile.\u201d 332 N.C. at 305, 420 S.E.2d at 178. Writing for the Court, Justice Webb concluded that \u201c[t]he defendants were under a duty to the people who travel on the public highways not to serve alcohol to an intoxicated individual who was known to be driving.\u201d Id. (emphasis supplied.); see also, Hutchens, 63 N.C. App. at 2, 303 S.E.2d at 586. \u201c[A] licensed provider of alcoholic beverages for on-premises consumption may be held liable for injuries or damages proximately resulting from the acts of persons to whom beverages were illegally furnished while intoxicated.\u201d)\nIn sum, we conclude that the Dram Shop Act provided the sole cause of action available to the Estate of Mullis. Having failed to timely file an action under that statute, the Estate of Mullis cannot obtain relief under the wrongful death statute because Melissa Mullis could not have maintained an action against defendants either under a theory of negligence per se or common law negligence, had she lived. Therefore, the trial court\u2019s grant of summary judgment for defendants must be,\nAffirmed.\nJudges LEWIS and MARTIN, John C., concur.\n. The common law actions found in Hart and Hutchens were premised on the provision of alcohol to intoxicated persons which is prohibited by N.C. Gen. Stat. 18B-305 (formerly \u00a7 18B-34)\u2014a per se negligence statute. See Hart 332 N.C. at 304, 420 S.E.2d at 177. While both cases turned on the decision to find that the common law supported an action of negligence against the alcohol providers, the determination that the statute is a safety statute indicates that it was designed to protect the general public and thus, a duty was owed by the alcohol providers to the general public not to provide alcohol to intoxicated persons known to be driving. As noted earlier, violation of the statute in the subject case, 18B-302, does not constitute per se negligence.\n. Since the Dram Shop Act is not at issue, we do not address the issues of whether the deceased was contributorily negligent or \u201caided and abetted\u201d in the purchase of the alcohol. See, Darby, 127 N.C. App. 301, \u2014 S.E.2d \u2014 (1997).", "type": "majority", "author": "WYNN, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Clark, Griffin & McCollum, L.L.P., by Joe P. McCollum, Jr. and William L. McGuirt, for plaintiff-appellant.", "Womble, Carlyle, Sandridge & Rice, P.L.L.C., by Timothy G. Barber and Steven D. Gardner, for defendant-appellee Monroe Oil Company.", "Morris, York, Williams, Surles & Brearley, by R. Gregory Lewis, and Jordan, Price, Wall, Gray & Jones, by Joseph E. Wall for defendant-appellee Monroe Alcoholic Beverage Control Board." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "ESTATE OF JACQUELINE MELISSA MULLIS, by KATHY DIXON, Administrator, Plaintiff-Appellant v. MONROE OIL COMPANY, INCORPORATED, CITY OF MONROE ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE CONTROL, LISTON S. DARBY, Administrator of the Estate of Dwaine Lydell Darby, and the Estate of Otis Stephen Blount, Defendants-Appellees\nNo. COA96-1230\n(Filed 19 August 1997)\nIntoxicating Liquor \u00a7 64 (NCI4th)\u2014 underage driver \u2014 alcohol related accident \u2014 Dram Shop action not timely filed\u2014 wrongful death action \u2014 summary judgment for defendant\nThe trial court did not err in granting defendants\u2019 motion for summary judgment in a wrongful death action brought by the decedent\u2019s estate where the decedent was killed in an alcohol related accident in which an underage driver purchased alcohol from stores owned by defendants. Plaintiff failed to file a timely action pursuant to N.C.G.S. \u00a7 18B-120, the Dram Shop Act, and may not maintain a wrongful death action because the decedent had she lived could not have established an action for negligence per se or for common law negligence. The Dram Shop Act provided the sole cause of action available to plaintiff.\nAppeal by plaintiff from order entered 10 May 1996 by Judge Jerry Cash Martin in Union County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 15 May 1997.\nClark, Griffin & McCollum, L.L.P., by Joe P. McCollum, Jr. and William L. McGuirt, for plaintiff-appellant.\nWomble, Carlyle, Sandridge & Rice, P.L.L.C., by Timothy G. Barber and Steven D. Gardner, for defendant-appellee Monroe Oil Company.\nMorris, York, Williams, Surles & Brearley, by R. Gregory Lewis, and Jordan, Price, Wall, Gray & Jones, by Joseph E. Wall for defendant-appellee Monroe Alcoholic Beverage Control Board." }, "file_name": "0277-01", "first_page_order": 313, "last_page_order": 317 }