{ "id": 11239092, "name": "EDWARD DAVIS, Employee, Plaintiff v. EMBREE-REED, INC., Employer; JEFFERSON-PILOT INSURANCE CO., Carrier; Defendants", "name_abbreviation": "Davis v. Embree-Reed, Inc.", "decision_date": "1999-09-21", "docket_number": "No. COA98-1395", "first_page": "80", "last_page": "85", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "135 N.C. App. 80" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "312 S.E.2d 881", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "proceedings appealed from are presumed to be correct until contrary is shown" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "310 N.C. 475", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2396647, 2393742, 2398703, 2403541, 2399445 ], "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "proceedings appealed from are presumed to be correct until contrary is shown" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/310/0475-01", "/nc/310/0475-02", "/nc/310/0475-04", "/nc/310/0475-03", "/nc/310/0475-05" ] }, { "cite": "308 S.E.2d 656", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "658" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "65 N.C. App. 86", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8522136 ], "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "88" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/65/0086-01" ] }, { "cite": "287 S.E.2d 131", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "136", "parenthetical": "credibility of witness to be resolved by the fact finder" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "55 N.C. App. 724", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8527879 ], "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "733", "parenthetical": "credibility of witness to be resolved by the fact finder" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/55/0724-01" ] }, { "cite": "397 S.E.2d 238", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "Commission may assign more credibility and weight to certain testimony than other testimony" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "327 N.C. 488", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2492968, 2496467, 2498198, 2496765, 2494143 ], "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "Commission may assign more credibility and weight to certain testimony than other testimony" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/327/0488-05", "/nc/327/0488-03", "/nc/327/0488-01", "/nc/327/0488-02", "/nc/327/0488-04" ] }, { "cite": "392 S.E.2d 754", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "756", "parenthetical": "Commission may assign more credibility and weight to certain testimony than other testimony" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "99 N.C. App. 302", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8522424 ], "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "303", "parenthetical": "Commission may assign more credibility and weight to certain testimony than other testimony" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/99/0302-01" ] }, { "cite": "452 S.E.2d 808", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "emphasis added" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "338 N.C. 515", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2520162, 2517221, 2519525, 2519813, 2520299 ], "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "emphasis added" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/338/0515-05", "/nc/338/0515-03", "/nc/338/0515-01", "/nc/338/0515-02", "/nc/338/0515-04" ] }, { "cite": "446 S.E.2d 590", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "593", "parenthetical": "emphasis added" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "115 N.C. App. 354", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 12129031 ], "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "358", "parenthetical": "emphasis added" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/115/0354-01" ] }, { "cite": "489 S.E.2d 445", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "446", "parenthetical": "quoting Franklin, 123 N.C. App. at 206, 472 S.E.2d at 386" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "127 N.C. App. 359", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 11795948 ], "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "361", "parenthetical": "quoting Franklin, 123 N.C. App. at 206, 472 S.E.2d at 386" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/127/0359-01" ] }, { "cite": "504 S.E.2d 786", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "per curiam" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "349 N.C. 218", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 571653 ], "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "per curiam" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/349/0218-01" ] }, { "cite": "484 S.E.2d 365", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "368" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "346 N.C. 154", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 139539 ], "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "157" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/346/0154-01" ] }, { "cite": "507 S.E.2d 596", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1998, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "599", "parenthetical": "quoting In Re Stone v. G & G Builders, 346 N.C. 154, 157, 484 S.E.2d 365, 368 (1997)" }, { "page": "599" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "131 N.C. App. 662", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 11204052 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1998, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "665", "parenthetical": "quoting In Re Stone v. G & G Builders, 346 N.C. 154, 157, 484 S.E.2d 365, 368 (1997)" }, { "page": "665-66" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/131/0662-01" ] }, { "cite": "477 S.E.2d 39", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1996, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "344 N.C. 629", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 867530, 867637, 867578, 867644, 867710 ], "year": 1996, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/344/0629-03", "/nc/344/0629-04", "/nc/344/0629-05", "/nc/344/0629-01", "/nc/344/0629-02" ] }, { "cite": "472 S.E.2d 382", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 4, "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "386" }, { "page": "386" }, { "page": "385" }, { "parenthetical": "Commission may reject all or part of any witness's testimony" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "123 N.C. App. 200", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 11912507 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "205" }, { "page": "206" }, { "page": "204" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/123/0200-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 611, "char_count": 12103, "ocr_confidence": 0.769, "pagerank": { "raw": 2.2321485291196384e-07, "percentile": 0.7791110601428887 }, "sha256": "6d839f386b3f0190e83a1eb8cc1737cc96060cdbf735f2c2b9cdf3fb868653d6", "simhash": "1:af03ecaaf6a16fe3", "word_count": 1904 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T18:51:33.981101+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Judges TIMMONS-GOODSON and HORTON concur." ], "parties": [ "EDWARD DAVIS, Employee, Plaintiff v. EMBREE-REED, INC., Employer; JEFFERSON-PILOT INSURANCE CO., Carrier; Defendants" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "GREENE, Judge.\nEmbree-Reed, Inc. (Employer) and Jefferson-Pilot Insurance Company (Carrier) (collectively Defendants) appeal from the Opinion and Award of the North Carolina Industrial Commission (Commission) awarding Edward Davis (Plaintiff) benefits for temporary total disability and temporary partial disability.\nPlaintiff sustained a compensable injury when a 120-pound drill was dropped onto his left foot on 18 April 1994. A Form 21 agreement, executed by all the parties, was approved by the Commission on 23 June 1994 wherein Defendants agreed to pay compensation to Plaintiff for \u201cnecessary weeks.\u201d Subsequently, Defendants filed a Form 24, Application to Terminate Benefits, alleging Plaintiff was no longer disabled within the meaning of the Workers\u2019 Compensation Act (the Act).\nIn an Opinion and Award by Chairman J. Howard Bunn, Jr., filed on 16 June 1998, the Full Commission rejected the Form 24 application and ordered Defendants to pay Plaintiff temporary total disability compensation from 25 September 1996 to 1 April 1997 and temporary partial disability compensation from 2 April 1997 until further orders of the Commission. In support of the Award, the Commission entered the following pertinent Conclusions of Law:\n1. ... In order to rebut the Form 21 presumption, the [Defendants had the burden in proving that there was suitable work available to the [P]laintiff that the [P]laintiff could obtain with due diligence. Defendants have failed to sufficiently or convincingly meet [their] burden in proving that [P]laintiff is no longer disabled as a result of the April 18, 1994 compensable injury by accident for the time period from September 25, 1996 to April 1, 1997. Plaintiff\u2019s earnings in temporary jobs as a substitute teacher and a laborer at the Blue Rodeo was not sufficient or convincing proof to successfully rebut the presumption of [P]laintiff\u2019s temporary total disability during this time period.\nThe Commission entered the following pertinent Findings of Fact:\n3. Between April 18, 1994 and January 25, 1995, [P]laintiff underwent three surgeries ... on his left foot....\n4. On January 25, 1995, . . . [Plaintiff was released] to return to work with . . . [some] restrictions .... At that time, Dr. [Thomas C.] Freidrich thought [P]laintiff had reached maximum medical improvement with regard to his left foot.\n8. On September 25, 1996, Dr. [Ronald C.] Gaylon released [P]laintiff to return to work. Dr. Gaylon\u2019s September 25, 1996 medical record is inherently contradictory as to whether P]laintiff had been released without restrictions. In light of the reevaluation of [P]laintiff\u2019s left foot by Dr. Freidrich discussed below as well as the fact that Dr. Gaylon knew that Dr. Freidrich had given [P]laintiff a twenty percent disability rating to his left foot, the undersigned find that Dr. Gaylon intended to release [P]laintiff with the restrictions set forth by Dr. Freidrich on January 25, 1995.\n10. On February 11, 1997, Dr. Freidrich re-evaluated [P]laintiff\u2019s left foot, and he was ... of the opinion that a skin graft over the wound . . . would allow this area to heal completely. Dr. Freidrich was still of the opinion that [P]laintiff continued to be able to only do work with restrictions. . . .\n11. Plaintiff had not reached maximum medical improvement with regard to his left foot injury.\n15. From April 18, 1994 through the date of the . .. hearing in this matter, [P]laintiff was only able to obtain temporary jobs .... Plaintiffs accounts of his job location efforts are accepted as credible and convincing ....\n16. Defendants have not identified any suitable employment that [P]laintiff could obtain if he diligently sought such employment.\nThe pertinent evidence reveals that after being injured, Plaintiff underwent two surgeries, one on 25 May 1994 and one on 5 July 1994, to repair nerve damage to his injured left foot. After these surgeries, Plaintiff underwent a scar revision surgery on 20 October 1994 to repair the unhealed wound from the previous surgeries. All three of these surgeries were performed by Dr. Freidrich. On 25 January 1995, Dr. Freidrich released Plaintiff to return to work with the following restrictions: no climbing, no squatting, and no wearing of high-top boots. At that time, Dr. Freidrich thought Plaintiff had \u201cprobably\u201d reached maximum medical improvement with regard to his left foot.\nOn 19 June 1995, Plaintiff returned to see Dr. Freidrich, seeking treatment for continuing problems with swelling and bleeding in his left foot. During this visit, Dr. Freidrich noted that although Plaintiff had undergone three surgeries, \u201cunfortunately he had not done very well.\u201d He noted Plaintiffs nerves \u201chad not yet recovered,\u201d it was \u201cdoubtful they would see much further recovery,\u201d but it \u201cwould be nice if they could get Plaintiff\u2019s wound closed.\u201d Dr. Freidrich recommended Plaintiff receive a skin graft over the open wound on his left foot in order to allow the wound to heal completely. On 31 July 1996 Dr. Gaylon performed a \u201csurgical removal of a painful keloid scar\u201d on the Plaintiff\u2019s left foot. Dr. Gaylon signed a medical report indicating that Plaintiff had \u201cno work restrictions\u201d after 25 September 1996. On that same report, he indicated that Plaintiff did have \u201cwork restrictions to prior his surgery.\u201d\nOn 11 February 1997, Plaintiff returned to see his original orthopedic surgeon, Dr. Freidrich, who found Dr. Gaylon\u2019s surgical procedure had left Plaintiff with \u201cpredictably bad results.\u201d Dr. Freidrich found Plaintiff had been left with a surgical wound which had not closed and remained open. He was still of the opinion a skin graft over the wound on Plaintiff\u2019s left foot would allow this exposed area to heal completely and until the healing occurred, Plaintiff could only work under the restrictions previously given.\nFrom February 1995 to the end of April 1995 Plaintiff worked as a substitute teacher in the Gilmer County School System in Georgia. In August of 1995 Plaintiff worked two weekends as a doorman at the Blue Rodeo Bar.\nThe dispositive issues are whether: (I) Defendants rebutted the presumption of Plaintiff\u2019s continuing disability; and (II) there is competent evidence to support the Commission\u2019s finding of fact that Plaintiff had not reached maximum medical improvement.\nI\nA properly executed Form 21 agreement, approved by the Commission, entitles the employee to a presumption that he is disabled and this presumption continues until rebutted by the employer. Franklin v. Broyhill Furniture Industries, 123 N.C. App. 200, 205, 472 S.E.2d 382, 386, cert. denied, 344 N.C. 629, 477 S.E.2d 39 (1996). \u201cThe employer may rebut the presumption of continuing disability \u2018through medical and other evidence,\u2019 \u201d Stamey v. N.C. Self-Insurance Guarar. Ass\u2019n, 131 N.C. App. 662, 665, 507 S.E.2d 596, 599 (1998) (quoting In Re Stone v. G & G Builders, 346 N.C. 154, 157, 484 S.E.2d 365, 368 (1997)); Harrington v. Adams-Robinson Enterprises, 349 N.C. 218, 504 S.E.2d 786 (1988) (per curiam), \u201cincluding evidence \u2018that suitable jobs are available to the employee and \u201cthat the [employee] is capable of getting one,\u201d taking into account the employee\u2019s \u201cage, education, physical limitations, vocational skills, and experience.\u201d \u2019 \u201d Stamey, 131 N.C. App. at 665-66, 507 S.E.2d at 599 (quoting Smith v. Sealed Air Corp., 127 N.C. App. 359, 361, 489 S.E.2d 445, 446 (1997) (quoting Franklin, 123 N.C. App. at 206, 472 S.E.2d at 386)). The employer may not rebut the presumption of continuing disability by showing that the employee is capable of earning preinjury wages in a temporary position. Daughtry v. Metric Construction Co., 115 N.C. App. 354, 358, 446 S.E.2d 590, 593, disc. review denied, 338 N.C. 515, 452 S.E.2d 808 (1994) (emphasis added).\nIn this case, the parties executed a Form 21 agreement approved by the Commission, thus entitling Plaintiff to a presumption of disability. Defendants claim they met their burden of rebutting this presumption and point to the substitute teaching and doorman jobs. We disagree. These jobs lasted only a few weeks and were thus correctly found to be \u201ctemporary\u201d by the Commission. As such, they are not sufficient to rebut the presumption of disability. Defendants presented no evidence of other job opportunities available to Plaintiff.\nII\nDefendants next contend the Commission\u2019s finding that Plaintiff had not yet reached maximum medical improvement is not supported by competent evidence in the record. We disagree.\nDefendant does not dispute that the Commission\u2019s findings are binding on appeal if they are supported by competent evidence. Franklin, 123 N.C. App. at 204, 472 S.E.2d at 385. In this case, Dr. Friedrich, after seeing Plaintiff on 11 February 1997, expressed the opinion that a skin graft was going to be necessary before a complete healing of Plaintiff\u2019s foot would occur and released Plaintiff to work only with certain restrictions. This evidence supports the finding that Plaintiff had not reached maximum medical improvement.\nDefendants finally contend that the Commission erred in deferring to Plaintiff\u2019s \u201caccounts of his job location efforts.\u201d This is a matter of witness credibility and is within the sole province of the Commission. Id. (Commission may reject all or part of any witness\u2019s testimony); Watkins v. City of Asheville, 99 N.C. App. 302, 303, 392 S.E.2d 754, 756, disc. review denied, 327 N.C. 488, 397 S.E.2d 238 (1990) (Commission may assign more credibility and weight to certain testimony than other testimony); Church v. Mickler, 55 N.C. App. 724, 733, 287 S.E.2d 131, 136 (1982) (credibility of witness to be resolved by the fact finder).\nAffirmed.\nJudges TIMMONS-GOODSON and HORTON concur.\n. The Commission did approve the Form 24 application \u201cwith regard to suspension of benefits for the time period,\u201d while Plaintiff was incarcerated. This, however, is not an issue on appeal and is not addressed in the opinion.\n. Defendants also contend the Commission \u201cfailed to follow proper law\u201d with respect to what evidence is necessary to rebut the Form 21 disability presumption. Although the language used by the Commission in Conclusion of Law number one does not precisely track the case law, it does constitute a fair summary of the law. Furthermore, in the absence of a clear indication that the Commission was misinformed about the law, we will assume the Commission was aware of the applicable law. See Allen v. Allen, 65 N.C. App. 86, 88, 308 S.E.2d 656, 658 (1983), disc. review denied, 310 N.C. 475, 312 S.E.2d 881 (1984) (proceedings appealed from are presumed to be correct until contrary is shown).", "type": "majority", "author": "GREENE, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Cox, Gage & Sasser, by Charles McB. Sasser, for plaintiff-appellee.", "Morris, York, Williams, Surles & Barringer, by G. Lee Martin, for defendant-appellants." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "EDWARD DAVIS, Employee, Plaintiff v. EMBREE-REED, INC., Employer; JEFFERSON-PILOT INSURANCE CO., Carrier; Defendants\nNo. COA98-1395\n(Filed 21 September 1999)\n1. Workers\u2019 Compensation\u2014 disability \u2014 Form 21 presumption \u2014 not rebutted\nPlaintiffs jobs as a substitute teacher and doorman lasted only a few weeks, were thus correctly found to be temporary by the Industrial Commission, and were not sufficient to rebut the presumption of disability created by a Form 21 agreement.\n2. Workers\u2019 Compensation\u2014 maximum medical improvement \u2014 sufficiency of evidence\nThere was evidence to support the Industrial Commission\u2019s finding in a workers\u2019 compensation action that plaintiff had not reached maximum medical improvement where a doctor had expressed his opinion that a skin graft would be necessary for a complete healing of plaintiff\u2019s foot and had released plaintiff to work only with certain restrictions.\n3. Workers\u2019 Compensation\u2014 witness credibility \u2014 province of Industrial Commission\nThe Industrial Commission did not err by deferring to plaintiff\u2019s accounts of his job location efforts; this was a matter of witness credibility within the sole province of the Commission.\nAppeal by defendants from Opinion and Award filed 16 June 1998 by the North Carolina Industrial Commission. Heard in the Court of Appeals 24 August 1999.\nCox, Gage & Sasser, by Charles McB. Sasser, for plaintiff-appellee.\nMorris, York, Williams, Surles & Barringer, by G. Lee Martin, for defendant-appellants." }, "file_name": "0080-01", "first_page_order": 114, "last_page_order": 119 }