{
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  "name": "MARY ELLISON LITTLE and ROBERT J. ELLISON, Plaintiff v. JACK DOUGLAS STOGNER, individually, and JACK DOUGLAS STOGNER, as Administrator of the Estate of Peggy W. Stogner and JEFFREY W. MALICKSON, Trustee, Defendants",
  "name_abbreviation": "Little v. Stogner",
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    "judges": [
      "Judges LEWIS and WYNN concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "MARY ELLISON LITTLE and ROBERT J. ELLISON, Plaintiff v. JACK DOUGLAS STOGNER, individually, and JACK DOUGLAS STOGNER, as Administrator of the Estate of Peggy W. Stogner and JEFFREY W. MALICKSON, Trustee, Defendants"
    ],
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      {
        "text": "HUNTER, Judge.\nJack Douglas Stogner (\u201cdefendant\u201d) appeals from a preliminary injunction entered by Judge Mark E. Klass enjoining the foreclosure under a power of sale contained in the deed of trust given by Mary Ellison Little and Robert J. Ellison (\u201cplaintiffs\u201d) at the time of their purchase of real estate from defendant. Defendant brings forward several assignments of error. However, we are unable to reach the merits of these arguments as defendant\u2019s appeal is not immediately appealable and must be dismissed.\nPlaintiffs commenced this action against defendant, individually and as Administrator of the Estate of Peggy W. Stogner, and Jeffrey W. Malickson, trustee, on 31 December 1998, alleging fraud, deception, and breach of an implied warranty arising from the sale of certain real property described as lots fifteen and sixteen of Lake Wylie Recreational Lots, section forty-three in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. Plaintiffs sought rescission of the contract of sale, deed, promissory note, and deed of trust regarding said property; plaintiffs also prayed for a restraining order enjoining Malickson, trustee, or any successor trustee from initiating foreclosure proceedings on the property during the pendency of the suit.\nOriginally, the parties entered into an offer to purchase and contract for the property in question, and executed it on 1 June 1998. Defendant conveyed the property to plaintiffs via a general warranty deed on 3 August 1998, for which plaintiffs paid defendant $75,000.00 in cash and $295,000.00 in the form of a promissory note which was secured by a deed of trust on the property. Believing that a fraud had been perpetrated against them by defendant, plaintiffs stopped making payments on the promissory note. In response, defendant began foreclosure proceedings on the property. On 29 June 1999, plaintiffs filed a motion for a temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction to stop the foreclosure. After a hearing, Superior Court Judge Jesse Caldwell granted the motion for the temporary restraining order on 30 June 1999. Then after a subsequent hearing, Superior Court Judge Mark E. Klass entered a preliminary injunction on 26 July 1999 enjoining defendant from proceeding with the foreclosure on the property during the entire pendency of this action. On 25 August 1999, defendant filed his notice of appeal.\n\u201cAn order granting or refusing a preliminary injunction is an interlocutory order governed by the requirements of G.S. 1-277.\u201d Gunkel v. Kimbrell, 29 N.C. App. 586, 589, 225 S.E.2d 127, 129 (1976); see also Clark v. Craven Regional Medical Authority, 326 N.C. 15, 23, 387 S.E.2d 168, 173 (1990). \u201cAn interlocutory order is one made during the pendency of an action, which does not dispose of the case, but leaves it for further action by the trial court in order to settle and determine the entire controversy.\u201d Veazey v. Durham, 231 N.C. 357, 362, 57 S.E.2d 377, 381, reh\u2019g denied, 232 N.C. 744, 59 S.E.2d 429 (1950). Here, Judge Mark E. Klass issued a preliminary injunction enjoining defendant from proceeding with a foreclosure by power of sale on the property at issue until the litigation is resolved. Therefore, by its very nature, this preliminary injunction is an interlocutory order.\n\u201cGenerally, there is no right of immediate appeal from an interlocutory order.\u201d Abe v. Westview Capital, 130 N.C. App. 332, 334, 502 S.E.2d 879, 881 (1998). There are two methods by which an interlocutory order can be immediately appealed. N.C. Dept. of Transportation v. Page, 119 N.C. App. 730, 734, 460 S.E.2d 332, 334 (1995). First, an interlocutory order can be immediately appealed if the order is final as to some but not all of the claims or parties, and the trial court certifies the case for appeal pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 1A-A, Rule 54(b). Id. Second, an interlocutory order can be immediately appealed under N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7\u00a7 l-277(a) and 7A-27(d)(l) if the trial court\u2019s decision deprives the appellant of a substantial right which would be lost absent immediate review. Id. Stated another way, review is allowed \u201cif the right affected is \u2018substantial\u2019 and the right will \u2018be lost, prejudiced, or be less than adequately protected\u2019 if the order is not reviewed before final judgment.\u201d Tai Co. v. Market Square Limited Partnership, 92 N.C. App. 234, 235-36, 373 S.E.2d 885, 886 (1988) (quoting J & B Slurry Seal Co. v. Mid-South Aviation, Inc., 88 N.C. App. 1, 6, 362 S.E.2d 812, 815 (1987)).\nFor a defendant \u201cto have a right of appeal from a mandatory preliminary injunction, \u2018substantial rights\u2019 of the appellant must be adversely affected.\u201d Dixon v. Dixon, 62 N.C. App. 744, 744, 303 S.E.2d 606, 607 (1983). \u201cOtherwise, an appeal from such an interlocutory order is subject to being dismissed.\u201d Id. at 744-45, 303 S.E.2d at 607. In determining what is a \u201csubstantial right,\u201d the North Carolina Supreme Court has stated that \u201cthe \u2018substantial right\u2019 test for appeal-ability of interlocutory orders is more easily stated than applied.\u201d Waters v. Personnel, Inc., 294 N.C. 200, 208, 240 S.E.2d 338, 343 (1978); see also Blackwelder v. Dept. of Human Resources, 60 N.C. App. 331, 334, 299 S.E.2d 777, 780 (1983). \u201cIt is usually necessary to resolve the question in each case by considering the particular facts of that case and the procedural context in which the order from which appeal is sought was entered.\u201d Waters, 294 N.C. at 208, 240 S.E.2d at 343; see also Blackwelder, 60 N.C. App. at 334, 299 S.E.2d at 780.\nHere, defendant asserts that his statutory right to foreclosure by power of sale is a \u201csubstantial right,\u201d which is at risk as a result of the preliminary injunction, therefore giving him grounds for an immediate appeal to this Court. Viewing the facts in the light most favorable to the defendant and assuming that defendant\u2019s right to foreclosure by power of sale is a \u201csubstantial right,\u201d defendant\u2019s right is by no means \u201c \u2018. . . lost, prejudiced, or . . . less than adequately protected^]\u2019 \u201d Tai Co. v. Market Square Limited Partnership, 92 N.C. App. at 236, 373 S.E.2d at 886 (quoting J & B Slurry Seal Co. v. Mid-South Aviation, Inc., 88 N.C. App. at 6, 362 S.E.2d at 815). Defendant\u2019s right to a power of sale foreclosure still exists, however it has just been delayed and must wait for the resolution of the litigation. Furthermore, the trial court adequately protected defendant\u2019s right by requiring plaintiffs to post a significant security bond in the amount of $15,000.00. Therefore this appeal is dismissed because the issuance of the preliminary injunction at issue here is not properly before this Court for review.\nDismissed.\nJudges LEWIS and WYNN concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "HUNTER, Judge."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Erwin and Bernhardt, P.A., by Fenton T. Erwin, Jr. and Peter F. Morgan, for plaintiff-appellees.",
      "Smith Helms Mulliss & Moore, L.L.P., by Thomas D. Myrick and Laura T. Beyer, for defendant-appellant."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "MARY ELLISON LITTLE and ROBERT J. ELLISON, Plaintiff v. JACK DOUGLAS STOGNER, individually, and JACK DOUGLAS STOGNER, as Administrator of the Estate of Peggy W. Stogner and JEFFREY W. MALICKSON, Trustee, Defendants\nNo. COA99-1406\n(Filed 17 October 2000)\nAppeal and Error\u2014 appealability \u2014 interlocutory order \u2014 grant of a preliminary injunction \u2014 no substantial right\nDefendant\u2019s appeal from a preliminary injunction enjoining defendant from proceeding with a foreclosure by power of sale on the pertinent property until the litigation is resolved is dismissed, because: (1) an order granting or refusing a preliminary injunction is an interlocutory order; (2) the trial court did not certify the case for appeal; (3) a substantial right is not affected since defendant\u2019s right to a power of sale foreclosure still exists even though it has been delayed and must wait for resolution of the litigation; and (4) the trial court adequately protected defendant\u2019s right by requiring plaintiffs to post a significant security bond in the amount of $15,000.\nAppeal by defendant Jack Douglas Stogner from a preliminary injunction entered 26 July 1999 by Judge Mark E. Klass in Mecklenburg County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 20 September 2000.\nErwin and Bernhardt, P.A., by Fenton T. Erwin, Jr. and Peter F. Morgan, for plaintiff-appellees.\nSmith Helms Mulliss & Moore, L.L.P., by Thomas D. Myrick and Laura T. Beyer, for defendant-appellant."
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  "file_name": "0380-01",
  "first_page_order": 412,
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