{ "id": 9249667, "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA Plaintiff-appellant v. JOHN WESLEY OLIVER and GEORGE MOORE, Defendant-appellees", "name_abbreviation": "State v. Oliver", "decision_date": "2002-12-31", "docket_number": "No. COA02-177", "first_page": "209", "last_page": "213", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "155 N.C. App. 209" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "624 P.2d 774", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.2d", "case_ids": [ 10442356 ], "year": 1981, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/p2d/624/0774-01" ] }, { "cite": "408 U.S. 238", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 1782791 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "306" }, { "page": "388" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/408/0238-01" ] }, { "cite": "501 U.S. 957", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 1107767 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "995", "parenthetical": "quoting Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238, 306, 33 L. Ed. 2d 346, 388" }, { "page": "865", "parenthetical": "quoting Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238, 306, 33 L. Ed. 2d 346, 388" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/501/0957-01" ] }, { "cite": "428 U.S. 280", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6177464 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/428/0280-01" ] }, { "cite": "444 S.E.2d 226", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "G.S. 15A-1335 does not restrict trial court on resentencing \"from correcting the way in which it consolidated offenses\" initially" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "115 N.C. App. 42", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 12121400 ], "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "G.S. 15A-1335 does not restrict trial court on resentencing \"from correcting the way in which it consolidated offenses\" initially" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/115/0042-01" ] }, { "cite": "343 S.E.2d 232", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "234", "parenthetical": "emphasis added" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "80 N.C. App. 711", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8525619 ], "year": 1986, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/80/0711-01" ] }, { "cite": "426 S.E.2d 77", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1993, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "333 N.C. 331", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2547702 ], "year": 1993, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/333/0331-01" ] }, { "cite": "459 S.E.2d 49", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "\"the prohibition against imposing more severe sentences after appeal... applies to offenses charged and convictions thereon, not to an aggregate term of years\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "119 N.C. App. 571", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 11916532 ], "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "\"the prohibition against imposing more severe sentences after appeal... applies to offenses charged and convictions thereon, not to an aggregate term of years\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/119/0571-01" ] }, { "cite": "547 S.E.2d 148", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2001, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "152", "parenthetical": "\"life sentence on resentencing exceeds [defendant's] original sentence of 196 to 245 months, and thus violates \u00a7 15A-1335\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "144 N.C. App. 112", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 11433053 ], "year": 2001, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "117", "parenthetical": "\"life sentence on resentencing exceeds [defendant's] original sentence of 196 to 245 months, and thus violates \u00a7 15A-1335\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/144/0112-01" ] }, { "cite": "307 S.E.2d 304", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "309 N.C. 326", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4760257 ], "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/309/0326-01" ] }, { "cite": "274 S.E.2d 183", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1981, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "302 N.C. 28", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8563765 ], "year": 1981, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/302/0028-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 416, "char_count": 8460, "ocr_confidence": 0.769, "pagerank": { "raw": 2.8338567110767077e-07, "percentile": 0.8393715232046347 }, "sha256": "0a599af166734739657671291a7c84d444fd717087e10e816bbbe49ad2b093a5", "simhash": "1:0b27f8a2366ead54", "word_count": 1311 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T20:08:10.559314+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Judges McGEE and HUDSON concur." ], "parties": [ "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA Plaintiff-appellant v. JOHN WESLEY OLIVER and GEORGE MOORE, Defendant-appellees" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "BIGGS, Judge.\nDefendants each appeal from the imposition of consecutive sentences of life imprisonment. The relevant facts may be summarized as follows: In 1979, following a joint trial, defendants were convicted of the first degree murder and armed robbery of Allen Watts and Dayton Hodge. Oliver received death sentences for each of the murders. Moore was sentenced to death for Watts\u2019 murder, and to life imprisonment for Hodge\u2019s murder. The trial court did not indicate in its judgment whether these sentences were to run concurrently or consecutively. On appeal, the North Carolina Supreme Court affirmed the defendants\u2019 convictions of all offenses, and the sentence of life imprisonment imposed on Moore. However, the Court vacated the death sentences imposed on both defendants, and remanded for a new sentencing hearing. State v. Oliver, 302 N.C. 28, 274 S.E.2d 183 (1981). On remand, the jury again recommended death sentences for both defendants, and the trial court sentenced Oliver to two death sentences, and sentenced Moore to death for Watts\u2019 murder. Defendants once again appealed these sentences. The North Carolina Supreme Court affirmed the death sentence imposed on Oliver for Hodge\u2019s murder, vacated the death sentences imposed on each defendant for the killing of Watts, and remanded for a third sentencing hearing. State v. Oliver, 309 N.C. 326, 307 S.E.2d 304 (1983). The State scheduled the new resentencing for November, 2001. In the interim, defendant Oliver pursued a motion for appropriate relief (MAR), and in 1994, following a hearing on his MAR, the trial court vacated the death sentence that Oliver received for killing Hodge.\nAt the November, 2001 resentencing, the State elected not to pursue the death penalty, leaving life imprisonment as the only permissible penalty for defendants\u2019 convictions of first degree murder. See N.C.G.S. \u00a7 14-17 (2001). The court sentenced defendant Oliver to two sentences of life imprisonment to run consecutively, and defendant Moore to a sentence of life imprisonment, to run consecutively to the life sentence he was already serving. Thus, each defendant was sentenced to consecutive life sentences. Defendants again appeal.\nThe sole issue raised on appeal is whether the trial court erred by imposing consecutive, rather than concurrent, sentences of life imprisonment. Defendants contend that their original sentences were imposed concurrently, and that, therefore, the trial court\u2019s imposition of consecutive sentences on remand violated N.C.G.S. \u00a7 15A-1335 (2001). We conclude that, irrespective of whether their original death sentences were concurrent or consecutive, the court did not violate the statute by entering consecutive life sentences on remand.\nN.C.G.S. \u00a7 15A-1335 provides that:\nWhen a conviction or sentence imposed in superior court has been set aside on direct review or collateral attack, the court may not impose a new sentence for the same offense, or for a different offense based on the same conduct, which is more severe than the prior sentence less the portion of the prior sentence previously served.\nSee State v. Holt, 144 N.C. App. 112, 117, 547 S.E.2d 148, 152 (2001) (\u201clife sentence on resentencing exceeds [defendant\u2019s] original sentence of 196 to 245 months, and thus violates \u00a7 15A-1335\u201d). When multiple sentences are involved, N.C.G.S. \u00a7 15A-1335 bars the trial court from imposing an increased sentence for any of the convictions, even if the total term of imprisonment does not exceed that of the original sentence. State v. Nixon, 119 N.C. App. 571, 459 S.E.2d 49 (1995) (\u201cthe prohibition against imposing more severe sentences after appeal... applies to offenses charged and convictions thereon, not to an aggregate term of years\u201d) (citing State v. Hemby, 333 N.C. 331, 426 S.E.2d 77 (1993)).\nHowever, N.C.G.S. \u00a7 15A-1335 does not prohibit the trial court\u2019s replacement of concurrent sentences with consecutive sentences upon resentencing, provided neither the individual sentences, nor the aggregate sentence, exceeds that imposed at the original sentencing hearing. State v. Ransom, 80 N.C. App. 711, 343 S.E.2d 232 (1986). In Ransom, the defendant initially received a consolidated sentence of twenty years for multiple offenses. On remand following appeal, the court sentenced him to six consecutive three year sentences, for a total of eighteen years. This Court found no violation of N.C.G.S. \u00a7 15A-1335 in the trial court\u2019s replacement of concurrent sentences with consecutive sentences:\n[T]he issue [is] whether the trial court is bound by its decision to consolidate convictions for sentencing when a case is reversed and remanded for resentencing. While G.S. 15A-1335 prohibits trial courts from imposing stiffer sentences upon remand than originally imposed, nothing prohibits the trial court from changing the way in which it consolidated convictions during a sentencing hearing prior to remand.\nId. at 713-714, 343 S.E.2d at 234 (emphasis added). See also State v. Harris, 115 N.C. App. 42, 444 S.E.2d 226 (1994) (G.S. 15A-1335 does not restrict trial court on resentencing \u201cfrom correcting the way in which it consolidated offenses\u201d initially).\nWe find no violation of N.C.G.S. \u00a7 15A-1335 in the case subjudiee. We reject defendants\u2019 argument, that by replacing Oliver\u2019s concurrent death sentences with consecutive life sentences, and Moore\u2019s death sentence with a second life sentence to run consecutively to the life sentence originally entered, the court violated the statute by entering a more severe sentence. Any number of life sentences, even if imposed consecutively, cannot be considered a greater sentence than even one death sentence, because \u201cthe penalty of death is qualitatively different from a sentence of imprisonment, however long.\u201d Woodson v. North Carolina, 428 U.S. 280, 49 L. Ed. 2d 944 (1976). The United States Supreme Court has stated:\n\u2018The penalty of death differs from all other forms of criminal punishment, not in degree but in kind. It is unique in its total irrevocability. It is unique in its rejection of rehabilitation of the convict as a basic purpose of criminal justice. And it is unique, finally, in its absolute renunciation of all that is embodied in our concept of humanity.\u2019\nHarmelin v. Michigan, 501 U.S. 957, 995, 115 L. Ed. 2d 836, 865 (1991) (quoting Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238, 306, 33 L. Ed. 2d 346, 388). Although our appellate courts have not previously addressed this issue, a Wyoming court, in Turner v. State, 624 P.2d 774 (Wyo. 2 March 1981), held that replacement of two death sentences with consecutive life sentences did not increase defendant\u2019s sentence:\nTo prevail, [defendant] must establish . . . that two death sentences to run concurrently, or even one, is not as severe as two sentences of life imprisonment to run consecutively. He fails to do so. Life is precious.\nWe hold that the trial court did not violate N.C.G.S. \u00a7 15A-1335 by imposing consecutive life sentences. Accordingly, the sentences imposed by the trial court are\nAffirmed.\nJudges McGEE and HUDSON concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "BIGGS, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Attorney General Roy Cooper, by Assistant Attorney General John G. Barnwell, for the State.", "Robert P. Mosteller, Duke University School of Law, for defendant-appellants." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA Plaintiff-appellant v. JOHN WESLEY OLIVER and GEORGE MOORE, Defendant-appellees\nNo. COA02-177\n(Filed 31 December 2002)\nSentencing\u2014 first-degree murder \u2014 replacement of death sentences with consecutive life sentences\nThe trial court did not violate N.C.G.S. \u00a7 15A-1335 in a first-degree murder case by imposing consecutive life sentences as a replacement for one defendant\u2019s concurrent death sentences and the other defendant\u2019s death sentence with a second life sentence to run consecutively to the life sentence originally entered, because: (1) N.C.G.S. \u00a7 15A-1335 does not prohibit the trial court\u2019s replacement of concurrent sentences with consecutive sentences provided neither the individual sentences, nor the aggregate sentence, exceeds that imposed at the original sentencing hearing; and (2) any number of life sentences, even if imposed consecutively, cannot be considered a greater sentence than even one death sentence since the penalty of death is qualitatively different from a sentence of imprisonment, however long.\nAppeal by defendants from judgments entered 8 November 2001 by Judge Jack A. Thompson in Robeson County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 16 October 2002.\nAttorney General Roy Cooper, by Assistant Attorney General John G. Barnwell, for the State.\nRobert P. Mosteller, Duke University School of Law, for defendant-appellants." }, "file_name": "0209-01", "first_page_order": 239, "last_page_order": 243 }