{ "id": 8552411, "name": "GARLAND M. NEFF v. QUEEN CITY COACH COMPANY, A CORPORATION", "name_abbreviation": "Neff v. Queen City Coach Co.", "decision_date": "1972-11-22", "docket_number": "No. 7226DC789", "first_page": "466", "last_page": "475", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "16 N.C. App. 466" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "49 U.S.C. \u00a7 16", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "U.S.C.", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "(13)" } ], "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "68 A.L.R. 2d 1350", "category": "reporters:specialty", "reporter": "A.L.R. 2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "\u00a7 2" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "49 U.S.C. \u00a7 319", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "U.S.C.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "49 U.S.C. \u00a7 20", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "U.S.C.", "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "(11)" }, { "page": "(11)" }, { "page": "(11)" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "180 S.E. 2d 102", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "278 N.C. 378", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8560546 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/278/0378-01" ] }, { "cite": "99 S.E. 2d 756", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "246 N.C. 547", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8627392 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/246/0547-01" ] }, { "cite": "146 S.E. 2d 43", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "266 N.C. 156", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8559874 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/266/0156-01" ] }, { "cite": "89 S.E. 2d 256", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "242 N.C. 628", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8621051 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/242/0628-01" ] }, { "cite": "30 S.E. 2d 217", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "224 N.C. 343", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8601708 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/224/0343-01" ] }, { "cite": "29 S.E. 2d 455", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "224 N.C. 137", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8596251 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/224/0137-01" ] }, { "cite": "187 S.E. 2d 372", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "13 N.C. App. 681", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8555275 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/13/0681-01" ] }, { "cite": "180 S.E. 2d 445", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "11 N.C. App. 27", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8552382 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/11/0027-01" ] }, { "cite": "181 S.E. 2d 124", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "11 N.C. App. 310", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8554615 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/11/0310-01" ] }, { "cite": "185 S.E. 2d 14", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "13 N.C. App. 154", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8550856 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/13/0154-01" ] }, { "cite": "181 S.E. 2d 438", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "279 N.C. 123", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8565893 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/279/0123-01" ] }, { "cite": "178 S.E. 2d 113", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "10 N.C. App. 208", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8552700 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/10/0208-01" ] }, { "cite": "49 U.S.C. \u00a7 16", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "U.S.C.", "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "(13)" }, { "page": "(13)" } ], "opinion_index": 0 } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 855, "char_count": 21070, "ocr_confidence": 0.515, "pagerank": { "raw": 3.270811462259817e-07, "percentile": 0.8700711894786144 }, "sha256": "81196aa8cebd25cf44418780516f7d63e2da55320536078789519ecf3193993c", "simhash": "1:830058ad2b7ed013", "word_count": 3474 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T16:27:31.279819+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Judges Campbell and Morris concur." ], "parties": [ "GARLAND M. NEFF v. QUEEN CITY COACH COMPANY, A CORPORATION" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "PARKER, Judge.\nAt the close of plaintiff\u2019s evidence and again at the close of all of the evidence defendant moved for a directed verdict in its favor. Denial of these motions is the subject of the exceptions included in appellant\u2019s first assignment of error.\nA motion for directed verdict under Rule 50(a) of the Rules of Civil Procedure is appropriate when trial is held before a jury. This case was1 tried by the judge without a jury. The appropriate motion in such case is for involuntary dismissal under Rule 41(b). The distinction is more than one of mere nomenclature, as a different test is to be applied to determine the sufficiency of the evidence to withstand the motion when the case is tried before court and jury than when the court alone is finder of the facts. Bryant v. Kelly, 10 N.C. App. 208, 178 S.E. 2d 113, rev\u2019d on other grounds, 279 N.C. 123, 181 S.E. 2d 438. In the present case defendant not only made the wrong motions, but in doing so failed to comply with Rule 6 of the General Rules of Practice for the Superior and District Courts Supplemental to the Rules of Civil Procedure, as adopted by our Supreme Court pursuant to G.S. 7A-34 effective 1 July 1970. This rule requires that \u201c[a] 11 motions written or oral, shall state the rule number or numbers under which the movant is proceeding.\u201d Mull v. Mull, 13 N.C. App. 154, 185 S.E. 2d 14; Terrell v. Chevrolet Co., 11 N.C. App. 310, 181 S.E. 2d 124; Lee v. Rowland, 11 N.C. App. 27, 180 S.E. 2d 445. Adherence to this requirement would have contributed to precision in making the appropriate motions in this case. Though defendant\u2019s motions were not properly made, nevertheless we shall treat defendant\u2019s motions for directed verdict as motions for an involuntary dismissal under Rule 41(b) and shall pass on the merits of the questions which defendant seeks to raise by this appeal. Mills v. Koskot Interplanetary, 13 N.C. App. 681, 187 S.E. 2d 372.\nDefendant first contends its motions should have been allowed because plaintiff\u2019s evidence showed that his wife, and not he, was the owner of the most valuable portion of the contents of the lost baggage, from which defendant argues that plaintiff is not the real party in interest and therefore is not entitled to prosecute this claim. There is no merit in this contention. Plaintiff\u2019s evidence showed that he was the owner of a portion of the contents of the lost bag and as to the remainder, the clothing of his wife, he was in lawful possession and was at least a bailee. \u201cIt has been uniformly held that the bailee has a right of action against a third party, who by his negligence causes the loss of or an injury to the bailed articles, and this right has been held to be the same, even though the bailee is not responsible to the bailor for the loss.\u201d Hopkins v. Colonial Stores, Inc., 224 N.C. 137, 29 S.E. 2d 455; 8 Am. Jur. 2d, Bailments, \u00a7 247. Furthermore, motion has been made in this Court through counsel that plaintiff\u2019s wife be made a party-plaintiff. A similar motion was made and allowed in Merchant v. Lassiter, 224 N.C. 343, 30 S.E. 2d 217. The motion to make plaintiff\u2019s wife an additional party-plaintiff is also allowed in the case now before us. This completely disposes of any contention that this action must be dismissed because it is not prosecuted in the name of the real party in interest. A bailor and bailee may jointly maintain an action for the conversion of or injury to the bailed property. Peed v. Burleson\u2019s, Inc., 242 N.C. 628, 89 S.E. 2d 256; G.S. 1A-1, Rule 20(a).\nDefendant next contends that its motions to dismiss should have been allowed because certain of plaintiff\u2019s evidence indicates that other subsidiaries of Continental Trailways, Inc., and not the defendant, operated the bus on which plaintiff and his wife and child traveled and on which his baggage was transported. In this connection, plaintiff called as a witness one of the attorneys for defendant, who testified that Coastal Stages Corporation was the corporation which operated the bus on which plaintiff traveled for the portion of his trip between Charleston and Orangeburg, and that Carolina Scenic Stages, Inc., operated the bus for the portion of the trip from Orange-burg to Charlotte. The evidence indicates that Coastal Stages Corporation, Carolina Scenic Stages, Inc., and defendant, Queen City Coach Company, are all subsidiaries of Continental Trailways, Inc., and the names of all three companies appear on the tickets sold to plaintiff after the words \u201cIssued by:\u201d and before the words \u201call doing business as Continental Trailways.\u201d However that may be, and despite the testimony of defendant\u2019s attorney, the trial court in the present case made, among others, the following findings of fact:\n\u201c7. On January 8, 1970, the plaintiff was a paid passenger on defendant\u2019s bus traveling from Charleston Air Force Base, South Carolina, to Charlotte, North Carolina.\n\u201c8. On said date, the plaintiff checked a World War n brown B-4 military bag bearing the inscription \u2018Lt. G. M. Neff 01331856\u2019 with the defendant for transportation from Charleston Air Force Base, South Carolina, to Charlotte, North Carolina, and the plaintiff was given a baggage claim check bearing the number F870-713 by the defendant.\u201d\n*****\n\u201c14. The plaintiff\u2019s baggage was duly accepted by and taken into the exclusive custody, control, and possession of the defendant as a carrier for transportation by its motor vehicle, a bus, in interstate commerce from Charleston Air Force Base, South Carolina, to Charlotte, North Carolina.\u201d\nSupport for these findings may be found not only in plaintiff\u2019s testimony but in defendant\u2019s own verified pleadings. In its answer defendant admitted the allegations in paragraph 3 of the complaint that \u201c[o]n or about January 8, 1970, the defendant was engaged in the business of transporting passengers as a common carrier for hire in interstate commerce from Charleston Air Force Base and other cities in South Carolina to Charlotte and other cities in North Carolina,\u201d and in a further answer and defense defendant made reference to the baggage tariff which it had on file with the Interstate Commerce Commission and alleged that such \u201ctariff governs the transportation of baggage between the defendant and its passengers, including the plaintiff; that the said tariff constitutes a contract under which the defendant transported the baggage of the plaintiff and by which contract the defendant limited its liability for failure to deliver the baggage of the plaintiff to Fifty Dollars.\u201d (Emphasis added.) The trial court\u2019s findings, being supported by admissions and allegations in defendant\u2019s own verified pleadings, are binding on this appeal. The trial court was not required to accept as conclusive the contrary testimony given by defendant\u2019s attorney, even when he was presented as a witness for the plaintiff.\nFinally, defendant contends its motions should have been allowed because of the $50.00 limitation on its liability and its offer to allow judgment to be taken against it in that amount as contained in its further answer and defense. We do not agree. \u201c[I]n absence of statutory authorization, a common carrier or other public utility may not contract for its freedom from liability for injury caused by its negligence in the regular course of its business.\u201d Jordan v. Storage Co., 266 N.C. 156, 146 S.E. 2d 43. However, a common carrier may, by contract, limit its liability if it is expressly authorized to do so by applicable statute or by a regulatory body having power to grant that privilege. Neece v. Greyhound Lines, 246 N.C. 547, 99 S.E. 2d 756. In the present case, plaintiff\u2019s loss occurred while his property was being moved in interstate commerce. Therefore, appropriate federal statutes are here applicable. Clott v. Greyhound Lines, 278 N.C. 378, 180 S.E. 2d 102.\nThe particular federal statute here relevant is 49 U.S.C. \u00a7 20(11), which was made applicable to motor carriers by 49 U.S.C. \u00a7 319. In general, 49 U.S.C. \u00a7 20(11) makes a common carrier to which that statute is applicable liable for loss or damage to property transported by it \u201cfor the full actual loss, damage, or injury to such property caused by it ... , notwithstanding any limitation of liability or limitation of the recovery ... in any contract . . . ; and any such limitation, without respect to the manner or form in which it is sought to be made is declared to be unlawful and void.\u201d Certain exceptions to the rule declaring limitations on the carrier\u2019s liability void are contained in provisos in the statute. Our Supreme Court held in Neece v. Greyhound Lines, supra, that \u201c [t] he authority of motor carriers to limit their liability is found in the second portion of the provision\u201d in 49 U.S.C. \u00a7 20(11). This portion provides that the rule making limitations on liability void shall not apply, \u201csecond, to property . . . received for transportation concerning which the carriers shall have been or shall be expressly authorized or required by order of the Interstate Commerce Commission to establish and maintain rates dependent upon the value declared in writing by the shipper or agreed upon in writing as the released value of the property, in which case such declaration or agreement shall have no other effect than to limit liability and recovery to an amount not exceeding the value so declared or released . . . ; and any tariff schedule which may be filed with the commission pursuant to such order shall contain specific reference thereto and may establish rates varying with the value so declared and agreed upon. . .\nIn Neece v. Greyhound Lines, supra, our Supreme Court said:\n\u201cBefore a motor carrier can limit its liability for negligent loss or damage to property entrusted to it, it must show: (1) it received the property as a common carrier; (2) it issued a written receipt which contained the asserted limitation; (3) the Interstate Commerce Commission has expressly authorized the limitation which is based on a rate differential.\n\u201cIf each of these conditions is not shown to exist, the asserted limitation has no effect.\u201d (Emphasis added.)\nIn the case before us the evidence was sufficient to show the first two of the foregoing conditions, but there was no competent evidence to show the existence of the third. In an apparent attempt to show compliance with the third condition, defendant sought to introduce in evidence a copy of what defendant\u2019s counsel contends is the applicable baggage tariff on file with the Interstate Commerce Commission. This document, defendant\u2019s Exhibit 1, consists of thirty-three printed pages and has printed on the cover page, among other matters, the following: \u201cIssued by National Bus Traffic Association, Inc., Agent.\u201d The trial judge sustained plaintiff\u2019s objection to introduction in evidence of this document, but did allow it \u201cto illustrate the testimony\u201d of a witness presented by the defendant. In the judgment appealed from the trial court found that \u201c [t] here was no competent evidence presented to this Court that the Interstate Commerce Commission or any other regulatory body, or statute had expressly authorized the limitation of defendant\u2019s liability in this case to $50.00.\u201d In this finding and ruling we find no error. 49 U.S.C. \u00a7 16(13) provides that copies of certain records filed with the Interstate Commerce Commission, when certified by the secretary of the commission, under the commission\u2019s seal, shall be received in evidence with like effect as the originals. G.S. 1A-1, Rule 44 of the North Carolina Rules of Civil Procedure provides for the method of proof of official records. Defendant\u2019s proffered Exhibit 1 conformed neither with 49 U.S.C. \u00a7 16(13) nor with G.S. 1A-1, Rule 44, and was properly excluded from evidence.\nWe note that plaintiff\u2019s action in this case, as set forth in his complaint, was not predicated on the theory that defendant became liable as an insurer. See Annot., Motor Carrier \u2014Loss of Baggage, 68 A.L.R. 2d 1350, \u00a7 2(b), p. 1353. Instead, plaintiff based his action on the theory that the loss of his baggage was proximately caused by defendant\u2019s failure to exercise due care. In this connection there was ample evidence to support the trial court\u2019s finding No. 13 that \u201c[t]he defendant failed to exercise reasonable care in the transporting and protection of the plaintiff\u2019s baggage and the contents thereof.\u201d A prima facie case of actionable negligence was established when plaintiff offered evidence tending to show (1) that his property was delivered to defendant, (2) that defendant accepted it and therefore had possession and control of it, and (3) that defendant failed to return the property. Clott v. Greyhound Lines, supra. In addition, plaintiff\u2019s evidence tended directly to establish negligence on the part of defendant\u2019s bus driver in failing to supervise the removal of baggage from the bus, when he stopped it at night, not at the bus station, at Orangeburg, S. C. Defendant\u2019s contention that it could be held liable in this case only if found guilty of gross negligence and that the trial court failed to so find is without merit. Plaintiff\u2019s payment for his ticket as a passenger constituted sufficient consideration to make defendant a bailee for hire, and we find no merit in defendant\u2019s contention that the contents of the lost bag included such an extensive wardrobe for plaintiff\u2019s wife that the lost articles could not properly be considered \u201cbaggage\u201d within the meaning of that term as used to designate property which must be carried by a carrier without additional compensation beyond the passenger\u2019s fare.\nWe have carefully examined all of defendant\u2019s assignments of error, and find no prejudicial error. The motion that plaintiff\u2019s wife be added as a party-plaintiff to the action having been allowed, with the addition of plaintiff\u2019s wife as a party-plaintiff the judgment appealed from is\nAffirmed.\nJudges Campbell and Morris concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "PARKER, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Hicks & Harris by Richard F. Harris III for plaintiff ap-pellee.", "John F. Ray; and Myers & Collie by Charles T. Myers for defendant appellant." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "GARLAND M. NEFF v. QUEEN CITY COACH COMPANY, A CORPORATION\nNo. 7226DC789\n(Filed 22 November 1972)\n1. Rules of Civil Procedure \u00a7\u00a7 11, 50 \u2014 involuntary dismissal \u2014 directed verdict \u2014 improper motion\nThough defendant\u2019s motions for directed verdict were improperly made before the trial judge sitting without a jury, the court on appeal treats the motions as motions for involuntary dismissal and considers the merits of the case.\n2. Bailment \u00a7 5; Rules of Civil Procedure \u00a7 20 \u2014 plaintiff bailee \u2014 right of action against third person\nPlaintiff husband was entitled to prosecute a claim against defendant carrier for the value of the contents of lost baggage, though the most valuable portion of the contents belonged- to his wife, since plaintiff was owner of part and at least bailee of the remainder of the contents; however, defendant\u2019s contention that plaintiff was not the real party in interest by reason of the wife\u2019s ownership of part of the lost goods was completely disposed of when the wife was made an additional party plaintiff.\n3. Appeal and Error \u00a7 57 \u2014 findings of fact \u2014 review\nThe trial court\u2019s findings that plaintiff was a paid passenger on defendant\u2019s bus, that plaintiff checked a duffel bag with defendant and that defendant took plaintiff\u2019s baggage into its exclusive custody, control and possession as a common carrier were supported by the evidence and are binding on appeal, though there was evidence that subsidiaries of Continental Trailways, Inc. other than defendant were transporting plaintiff and his baggage when the loss complained of occurred.\n4. Carriers \u00a7 16\u2014 limitation of liability \u2014 authorization by ICC\nDefendant carrier\u2019s asserted $50.00 limitation on its liability for negligence in the loss of plaintiff\u2019s baggage was ineffective where the evidence failed to show that the Interstate Commerce Commission had expressly authorized the limitation based on a rate differential.\n5. Evidence \u00a7 28 \u2014 proof of official records \u2014 baggage tariff \u2014 exclusion proper\nA document offered by defendant as the applicable baggage tariff on file with the Interstate Commerce Commission was properly excluded where the document conformed with neither 49 U.S.C. \u00a7 16(13) nor G.S. 1A-1, Rule 44, providing for the method of proof of official records.\n6. Bailment \u00a7 3; Carriers \u00a7 16 \u2014 loss of baggage \u2014 prima facie case of negligence\nA prima, facie case of actionable negligence was established when plaintiff offered evidence tending to show (1) that his property was delivered to defendant, (2) that defendant accepted it and therefore had possession and control over it, and (3) that defendant failed to return the property; moreover, plaintiff\u2019s evidence tended directly to establish negligence on the part of defendant\u2019s bus driver in failing to supervise the removal of baggage from the bus, when he stopped it at night, not at the bus station, at Orangeburg, S. C.\nAppeal by defendant from Stukes, District Judge, 12 June 1972 Session of District Court held in MECKLENBURG County.\nCivil action in which plaintiff-passenger seeks recovery of damages from defendant-bus company for the value of baggage allegedly lost by negligence of defendant, heard by the court without a jury.\nPlaintiff\u2019s evidence in substance showed the following: On 8 January 1970 plaintiff purchased three tickets at the bus station at the Charleston Air Force Base in South Carolina so that he, his wife, and child could travel to Charlotte, N. C. Plaintiff paid full fare for himself and his wife and paid half-fare for his child. These tickets, plaintiff\u2019s Exhibits 1, 2 and 3, bore on the back the legend: \u201cIssued by:\u201d followed by the names of some twenty-eight bus companies, including the name of the defendant in this case, followed by the words: \u201call doing business as Continental Trailways, Dallas, Tex.\u201d Plaintiff checked four pieces of luggage at the station. One piece, a World War II duffel bag with plaintiff\u2019s name and identification on it, was never recovered. At the Charleston station the bus company did not have any employees to load baggage onto the bus, and the passengers put their own bags on board. Plaintiff\u2019s duffel bag was too heavy for him to carry, and in his presence it was loaded on board the bus by another passenger. (While plaintiff\u2019s evidence is not altogether clear on the question, defendant\u2019s brief concedes that apparently the baggage was loaded into the baggage compartment of the bus.) Plaintiff\u2019s Exhibit 4 is the baggage claim check for the duffel bag. On one side of this claim check there is printed, among other matters, the following: \u201cBaggage liability limited to $50.00 (see over).\u201d The other side contains the following:\n\u201cBaggage Contract\n(1) The party accepting this check hereby agrees that no claim in excess of $50.00 for all baggage checked on one full fare ticket and in excess of $25.00 on one-half fare ticket shall be made against the issuing Company for loss of/or damage to property covered by this and/or other baggage checks issued to the same passenger, unless a greater amount is declared in writing at time of checking, in which case charges for excess value will be collected and an excess valuation receipt will be issued. Exception: On intrastate tickets in certain states, as specified in published tariffs, the maximum liability is $25.00 on each full fare ticket and $12.50 on each half fare ticket.\n(2) This check is accepted subject to all conditions of published tariffs.\nPassengers are Instructed to claim baggage at destination promptly to avoid payment of storage charges.\nThis Check Must Be Surrendered In Order To Obtain Baggage Continental Teailways Dallas, Texas\u201d\nPlaintiff testified he did not notice this provision when he purchased his tickets and checked his baggage.\nThe lost duffel bag contained plaintiff\u2019s suit and two pairs of shoes, valued at $145.45, and dresses, skirts, and a pants suit for his wife, having a fair market value between $600.00 and $700.00.\nAt Orangeburg, the bus driver stopped the bus at night, not at a bus station, but beside another bus, and told Army personnel on board that they could get their gear and take the other bus directly to Fort Bragg. The Army personnel got off the bus and unloaded their luggage from the side of the bus in the dark. The bus driver did not get off the bus to supervise the unloading and plaintiff did not see any bus employees assisting with this transfer of baggage.\nAt Columbia, where plaintiff and his wife and child changed buses to continue their trip to Charlotte, the bus employees unloaded the bus, but plaintiff\u2019s duffel bag was missing. At the destination point, Charlotte, employees of defendant Queen City Coach Company, offered plaintiff $50.00 as compensation for the lost bag, which offer plaintiff rejected. The bag was never recovered. Other evidence will be referred to in the opinion.\nThe court entered judgment making findings of fact and adjudging that plaintiff recover $600.00 from defendant. Defendant appealed.\nHicks & Harris by Richard F. Harris III for plaintiff ap-pellee.\nJohn F. Ray; and Myers & Collie by Charles T. Myers for defendant appellant." }, "file_name": "0466-01", "first_page_order": 490, "last_page_order": 499 }