{ "id": 8919442, "name": "JONATHAN CAMPBELL, Plaintiff v. JOHNNY L. McILWAIN, ETHAN ALLEN, INC., and D.L. PETERSON, INC., Defendants", "name_abbreviation": "Campbell v. McIlwain", "decision_date": "2004-04-06", "docket_number": "No. COA03-5", "first_page": "553", "last_page": "559", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "163 N.C. App. 553" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "459 S.E.2d 206", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "207-08", "parenthetical": "citations omitted" }, { "page": "208" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "341 N.C. 178", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 793054 ], "year": 1995, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/341/0178-01" ] }, { "cite": "547 S.E.2d 12", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2001, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "holding that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying defendant's motion for a mistrial based on a witness' mention at trial of defendant's relationship with defendant's insurer" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "353 N.C. 377", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 135563, 135703, 135975, 135863 ], "year": 2001, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "holding that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying defendant's motion for a mistrial based on a witness' mention at trial of defendant's relationship with defendant's insurer" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/353/0377-04", "/nc/353/0377-01", "/nc/353/0377-03", "/nc/353/0377-02" ] }, { "cite": "534 S.E.2d 622", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2000, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "626" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "139 N.C. App. 534", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 9497201 ], "year": 2000, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "540" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/139/0534-01" ] }, { "cite": "145 S.E.2d 316", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1965, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "319" }, { "page": "319-20" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "266 N.C. 64", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8559597 ], "year": 1965, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "69" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/266/0064-01" ] }, { "cite": "146 S.E.2d 806", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1966, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "810" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "266 N.C. 564", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8561607 ], "year": 1966, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "568" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/266/0564-01" ] }, { "cite": "285 S.E.2d 848", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "851" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "55 N.C. App. 450", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8527474 ], "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "453" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/55/0450-01" ] }, { "cite": "544 S.E.2d 550", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2000, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "352 N.C. 358", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 684946, 685109, 684950, 685046, 684894 ], "year": 2000, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/352/0358-01", "/nc/352/0358-02", "/nc/352/0358-03", "/nc/352/0358-05", "/nc/352/0358-04" ] }, { "cite": "530 S.E.2d 584", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2000, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "588" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "138 N.C. App. 127", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 11078766 ], "year": 2000, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "133" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/138/0127-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 771, "char_count": 16035, "ocr_confidence": 0.774, "pagerank": { "raw": 5.338972852385142e-08, "percentile": 0.3359535633158536 }, "sha256": "f87bb10a920bb116f19fd7863a8f029bcc389a174d38f5064ec08da73537a553", "simhash": "1:1f6ff0292504c9e2", "word_count": 2606 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T15:27:37.331987+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Judges McGEE and CALABRIA concur." ], "parties": [ "JONATHAN CAMPBELL, Plaintiff v. JOHNNY L. McILWAIN, ETHAN ALLEN, INC., and D.L. PETERSON, INC., Defendants" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "HUDSON, Judge.\nThis appeal arises out of an automobile accident that occurred on 20 December 1997. On 18 December 2000, plaintiff, Jonathan Campbell, filed a complaint against defendants Johnny Mcllwain, Ethan Allen, Inc., and D.L. Peterson, Inc., alleging that Mcllwain negligently operated a vehicle he was driving during the course and scope of his employment with the other two defendants. On 1 July 2002, the trial court entered judgment on a jury verdict finding defendant Mcllwain negligent and awarding plaintiff $32,500 in damages. Defendants appeal. For the following reasons, we find no error.\nOn 20 December 1997, plaintiff was heading west on a 1986 Honda motorcycle on the 1-277 entrance ramp in Charlotte, North Carolina. As plaintiff rounded the curve on the ramp, he saw defendant\u2019s van backing down the ramp into his path. Plaintiff, who was traveling thirty to forty miles per hour, applied his brakes, which caused his motorcycle to slide on the pavement, ultimately hitting the rear of defendant\u2019s van. As a result of the accident, plaintiff sustained injuries that required medical treatment including knee surgery.\nDefendant Mcllwain disputed plaintiff\u2019s version of the accident, claiming that as he was entering the on-ramp to 1-277, his van ran out of gas. He was attempting to move the van to the left shoulder, when plaintiff rounded the comer and ran into his van. Mcllwain also introduced the deposition testimony of Arnold Sharar, who testified that just before entering the ramp, plaintiff pulled out in front of him and accelerated rapidly.\nIn their first two arguments, defendants allege errors in the jury instructions. To present an instruction error properly for appellate review, the defendant must include in the record on appeal \u201ca transcript of the entire charge given.\u201d N.C. R. App. P. 9(a)(1)(f). Here, the printed record on appeal includes neither the requested instruction nor the charge given to the jury. Thus, this issue is not presented in compliance with the Rules of Appellate Procedure. While this rule may seem quite technical, it serves an important practical purpose: it facilitates review of an instruction issue by all three members of our panel in that the parties file but a single copy of the trial transcript, but all three members receive the printed record. Nonetheless, in our discretion we undertake a review on the merits. N.C. R. App. P. 2.\nDefendants first contend that the trial court erred by refusing to give a requested instruction on plaintiffs duty to reduce speed. A party appealing a trial court\u2019s failure to give a requested instruction \u201cmust show that substantial evidence supported the omitted instruction and that the instruction was correct as a matter of law.\u201d State v. Farmer, 138 N.C. App. 127, 133, 530 S.E.2d 584, 588, disc. review denied, 352 N.C. 358, 544 S.E.2d 550 (2000). Here, defendants requested pattern jury instruction 220.20A, which provides in pertinent part that:\nthe fact that a person is driving his vehicle at a speed lower than the posted speed limit does not relieve him of the duty to decrease his speed as may be necessary to avoid colliding with any [vehicle] on the highway, and to avoid injury ....\nN.C.P.I. \u2014 Civ. 220.20A. The trial court considered and denied this request, instead instructing the jury as to reasonable and prudent speed under the conditions in accordance with N.C.P.I. \u2014 Civ. 202.10. In so doing, the court stated:\nThe Court: I think in considering both of them, the reasonable and prudent speed covers all the possibilities that the jury may find in a clearer way.\nHere, there is no evidence at all, let alone substantial evidence, that plaintiff failed to reduce his speed. Quite to the contrary, the substantial evidence in the record shows that plaintiff did in fact reduce his speed when he encountered the van on the entrance ramp. Plaintiff testified that as soon as he rounded the curve and saw defendant\u2019s van backing up towards him, he applied his brakes, which caused his motorcycle to slide and strike the rear of the van. While defendant claims that this instruction was warranted based upon the testimony of Mr. Sharar to the effect that plaintiff pulled out in front of him and accelerated rapidly, there is absolutely no testimony by Mr. Sharar that plaintiff did not later reduce his speed in an attempt to avoid the collision. Since the evidence did not justify the requested instruction, we overrule this assignment of error.\nDefendants next argue that the trial court erred by instructing the jury on the doctrine of sudden emergency. Defendants contend that the emergency doctrine was not pled and no evidence was presented warranting the instruction. We disagree.\nThis Court has previously held that a trial court \u201cis required to state the law and apply the evidence thereto in regard to each substantial and essential feature of the case, even in the absence of a properly submitted request for special instructions.\u201d White v. Greer, 55 N.C. App. 450, 453, 285 S.E.2d 848, 851 (1982). The sudden emergency doctrine provides that \u201cone confronted with an emergency is not liable for an injury resulting from his acting as a reasonable man might act in such an emergency.\u201d Rodgers v. Carter, 266 N.C. 564, 568, 146 S.E.2d 806, 810 (1966). The Court in Rogers noted further that \u201c[t]he emergency is merely a fact to be taken into account in determining whether he has acted as a reasonable man so situated would have done.\u201d Id.\nHere, the defendants pled contributory negligence as a defense to plaintiffs claim, thus raising the issue of whether plaintiffs own negligence contributed to his injuries. Evidence that plaintiff was confronted with an emergency situation, which was properly admitted, is relevant to this issue. We further note that, under the standard of notice pleading, plaintiffs complaint alleged sufficient facts to give defendant fair notice that plaintiff was presented with a sudden emergency when he got on the entrance ramp to the interstate. Therefore, we overrule this assignment of error.\nNext, defendants contend that the trial court erred by refusing to declare a mistrial after plaintiff mentioned insurance. For the following reasons, we disagree.\nGenerally, \u201c[w]here testimony is given, or reference is made, indicating directly and as an independent fact that defendant has liability insurance, it is prejudicial, and the court should, upon motion therefor aptly made, withdraw a juror and order a mistrial.\u201d Fincher v. Rhyne, 266 N.C. 64, 69, 145 S.E.2d 316, 319 (1965). However, \u201cthere are circumstances in which it is sufficient for the court, in its discretion, because of the incidental nature of the reference, to merely instruct the jury to disregard it.\u201d Id. at 69, 145 S.E.2d at 319-20. \u201cThe decision of whether a mistrial is required to prevent undue prejudice to a party or to further the ends of justice is a decision vested in the sound discretion of the trial judge.\u201d Medlin v. FYCO, Inc., 139 N.C. App. 534, 540, 534 S.E.2d 622, 626 (2000), disc. rev. denied, 353 N.C. 377, 547 S.E.2d 12 (2001) (holding that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying defendant\u2019s motion for a mistrial based on a witness\u2019 mention at trial of defendant\u2019s relationship with defendant\u2019s insurer).\nApplying the aforementioned rationale to the present case, we hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion by refusing to order a mistrial. The first such instance complained of came on direct examination of the plaintiff. When asked whether defendant driver said anything to him after the accident, plaintiff responded: \u201cHe apologized several times for the incident. He asked me \u2014 to see if we could handle this on an individual basis as opposed to calling in the insurance companies.\u201d Defense counsel promptly objected and the court sustained, issuing a curative instruction for the jury not to consider the answer. Later, on cross-examination, defense counsel asked plaintiff when he signed a medical release. Plaintiff replied: \u201cI initially signed it with Debra Ship, the Traveler\u2019s adjuster, and then Darryl Robinson.\u201d Defense counsel objected and the court sustained, again issuing a curative instruction to disregard the answer. Finally, defendants take issue with a portion of the closing arguments, in which plaintiff\u2019s counsel apparently began to refer to an insurance carrier. We are unable to locate this passage in the transcript of counsel\u2019s closing argument. However, after plaintiff\u2019s counsel completed his closing argument, the following exchange appears:\nMs. Wolfe [defense counsel]: I have one more thing, Your Honor. Not that it is going to matter at this point, because the word insurance has been said so many times throughout this trial. I noticed that the plaintiff started to say \u201cTravelers.\u201d\nMr. Kirkley [plaintiff\u2019s counsel]: I did stop. I apologize. I saw the adjuster, and I started to say it. I did stop myself.\nMs. Wolfe: I didn\u2019t ask for a curative response because it has been said so many times. But once again, for the fourth time, I just want to preserve the record and make a motion to dismiss.\nThe Coukt: I heard Mr. Kirkley say \u201cTrav.\u201d I had no idea what he was talking about.\nThe Court: Like I say, I heard him say \u201ctrav.\u201d I didn\u2019t know what it meant. He didn\u2019t say insurance. I am going to deny the motion at this time.\nWe find that these references were incidental, and did not indicate directly, as an independent fact, that defendant had liability insurance or that Traveler\u2019s was his liability carrier. Further, we conclude that the trial court gave adequate curative instructions to the jury following the testimony. Therefore, we hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion, and we overrule this assignment of error.\nDefendants finally argue that the trial court erred by allowing defendant Mcllwain to be questioned concerning his driving record. For the following reasons, we disagree.\nDuring cross-examination, plaintiff\u2019s counsel asked defendant Mcllwain whether he considers himself a safe driver. Mcllwain answered: \u201cI try to be safe enough to where I don\u2019t infringe on hurting other people. I occasionally consider myself to be the type of driver \u2014 if you ask me whether I get speeding tickets and parking tickets, of course I do. It\u2019s not like I intend to get them, but, yeah, it happens to the best of us.\u201d Counsel for plaintiff then followed by asking, \u201cIn fact, you have had 11 traffic citations; correct?\u201d Defense counsel objected and the court sustained and gave the jury a curative instruction. Following arguments by both attorneys, the court ruled that it would \u201callow [plaintiff\u2019s counsel] to ask about those citations where Mr. Mcllwain was found to have committed the acts alleged. I am not going to allow any questions about any charges in which he was not convicted. He cannot ask about something if he was not convicted.\u201d Thereafter, plaintiff\u2019s counsel asked Mcllwain regarding three prior speeding convictions and one unsafe movement conviction to establish evidence sufficient to support an instruction on negligent entrustment.\nWe find guidance on this issue in Swicegood v. Cooper, 341 N.C. 178, 459 S.E.2d 206 (1995), which involved a lawsuit over property damage that resulted from a crash between the plaintiff\u2019s automobile (being driven by his son) and the defendant\u2019s van. The plaintiff had given his son permission to drive the automobile on this occasion. The trial court granted plaintiffs motion in limine prohibiting evidence of prior speeding violations in regard to the issue of contributory negligence based on negligent entrustment. This Court held that as a matter of law traffic violations cannot support a conclusion that a person is an incompetent or reckless driver. Our Supreme Court disagreed, and in reversing the decision of this Court, stated that:\nWhile the driver in this case does not have convictions for reckless driving or convictions that involve the use of alcohol, his convictions nonetheless indicate that a jury should determine whether he is a reckless or incompetent driver likely to cause injury to others. In the span of six years, this driver accumulated three safe movement violations and six speeding convictions. The plaintiff contends that having only one conviction for speeding over sixty miles per hour mitigates the effect of the other five, which are convictions for speeding fifty miles per hour or below. We are not persuaded by this argument. Speed limits exist to ensure the safety of the driving public. They are set according to the conditions of the road. Whether a driver exceeds the limit by fifteen miles per hour in a thirty-five mile per hour zone or a fifty mile per hour zone, he endangers those around him.\nId. at 181, 459 S.E.2d at 207-08 (citations omitted). The Court further held that \u201cthe jury should determine whether the plaintiff knew or should have known the record and propensity of his son to be a reckless driver.\u201d Id. at 181, 459 S.E.2d at 208.\nThus, based upon Swicegood, we conclude that the trial court did not err by allowing plaintiff to inquire into defendant Mcllwain\u2019s driving record in order to establish evidence sufficient to warrant an instruction on negligent entrustment.\nNo error.\nJudges McGEE and CALABRIA concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "HUDSON, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Kirkley Law Offices, P.L.L.C., by Joel L. Kirkley, III and Timothy M. Stanley, for plaintiff-appellee.", "Templeton & Raynor, P.A., by Carrie H. O\u2019Brien and Amy F. Wise, for defendant-appellants." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "JONATHAN CAMPBELL, Plaintiff v. JOHNNY L. McILWAIN, ETHAN ALLEN, INC., and D.L. PETERSON, INC., Defendants\nNo. COA03-5\n(Filed 6 April 2004)\n1. Motor Vehicles\u2014 automobile accident \u2014 instruction\u2014duty to reduce speed\nThe trial court did not err in a negligence action arising out of an automobile accident by refusing to give defendant\u2019s requested instruction on plaintiffs duty to reduce speed, because: (1) there is no evidence at all that plaintiff failed to reduce his speed; (2) substantial evidence showed that plaintiff did in fact reduce his speed when he encountered the van driven by defendant on an entrance ramp; and (3) while there was testimony from a witness to the effect that plaintiff pulled out in front of the witness and accelerated rapidly, there was no testimony by that witness that plaintiff did not later reduce his speed in an attempt to avoid the collision.\n2. Motor Vehicles\u2014 automobile accident \u2014 instruction\u2014doctrine of sudden emergency\nThe trial court did not err in a negligence action arising out of an automobile accident by instructing the jury on the doctrine of sudden emergency, because: (1) defendants pled contributory negligence as a defense to plaintiff\u2019s claim, and evidence that plaintiff was confronted with an emergency situation is relevant to this issue; and (2) plaintiff\u2019s complaint alleged sufficient facts to give defendant fair notice that plaintiff was presented with a sudden emergency when he got on an entrance ramp to the interstate.\n3. Trials\u2014 automobile accident \u2014 mentioning insurance\u2014 motion for mistrial\nThe trial court did not abuse its discretion in a negligence action arising out of an automobile accident by refusing to declare a mistrial after plaintiff mentioned insurance several times, because: (1) the references were incidental and did not indicate directly as an independent fact that defendant had liability insurance or that the pertinent insurer was his liability carrier; and (2) the trial court gave adequate curative instructions to the jury following the testimony.\n4. Motor Vehicles\u2014 automobile accident \u2014 defendant\u2019s driving record \u2014 negligent entrustment\nThe trial court did not err in a negligence action arising out of an automobile accident by allowing plaintiff to inquire into defendant\u2019s driving record in order to establish evidence sufficient to warrant an instruction on negligent entrustment.\nAppeal by defendants from judgment entered 1 July 2002 by Judge Susan C. Taylor in Superior Court in Mecklenburg County. Heard in the Court of Appeals 16 October 2003.\nKirkley Law Offices, P.L.L.C., by Joel L. Kirkley, III and Timothy M. Stanley, for plaintiff-appellee.\nTempleton & Raynor, P.A., by Carrie H. O\u2019Brien and Amy F. Wise, for defendant-appellants." }, "file_name": "0553-01", "first_page_order": 583, "last_page_order": 589 }