{
  "id": 8553017,
  "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. GEORGE STREETER",
  "name_abbreviation": "State v. Streeter",
  "decision_date": "1972-12-20",
  "docket_number": "No. 723SC676",
  "first_page": "48",
  "last_page": "51",
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    "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.",
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    "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals"
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      "category": "reporters:federal",
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:26:57.402584+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [
      "Chief Judge Mallard and Judge Britt concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. GEORGE STREETER"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "BROCK, Judge.\nWhile on routine police patrol, Officer Bullock observed defendant standing beside N. C. Highway 43 in a deserted area in the City of Greenville at 2:45 a.m. on 26 October 1971. Defendant, whom the officer did not know, was wearing a blue shirt with long sleeves and a shirttail. The shirttail was hanging below defendant\u2019s waist and outside his trousers. Because of the hour and the proximity of defendant to some business offices, Officer Bullock stopped his police cruiser to inquire about defendant\u2019s identity and purpose for being in the area. Officer Bullock walked around his vehicle and engaged defendant in conversation. While he was talking with defendant, Officer Bullock noticed something bulging under his shirt on the right hand side about where a revolver in a holster would be. Bullock thought the bulging object was a revolver and he reached out and touched it through the cloth of defendant\u2019s shirt. He felt a metal object and the officer believed it was a weapon. Bullock told defendant to stand still, and he raised defendant\u2019s shirttail exposing an assortment of items: a prybar, hammer, screwdriver, flashlight, pair of gloves, and money bag. Defendant was then placed under arrest for possession of burglary tools.\nThe officer\u2019s testimony of what he found under defendant\u2019s shirttail was admitted in evidence over defense objections after an adequate voir dire and findings of fact by the trial judge. The items so found by the officer were also admitted in evidence as State\u2019s exhibits over defense objections.\nDefendant contends that the search of his person was illegal because it was in violation of his Fourth Amendment rights, and that the fruits of the search should have been excluded from evidence.\nDefendant does not argue that Officer Bullock could not legally or constitutionally momentarily stop and detain defendant for the purpose of determining his identity and purpose. He is well advised upon this point. \u201c[A] police officer may in appropriate circumstances and in an appropriate manner approach a person for puposes of investigating possible criminal behavior even though there is no probable cause to make an arrest.\u201d Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 20 L.Ed. 2d 889, 88 S.Ct. 1868 (1968); accord, Adams v. Williams, 407 U.S. 143, 32 L.Ed. 2d 612, 92 S.Ct. 1921 (1972). \u201cThe Fourth Amendment does not require a policeman who lacks the precise level of information necessary for probable cause to arrest to simply shrug his shoulders and allow a crime to occur or a criminal to escape.\u201d Adams v. Williams, supra. \u201cA brief stop of a suspicious individual, in order to determine his identity or to maintain the status quo momentarily while obtaining more information, may be most reasonable in light of the facts known to the officer at the time.\u201d Adams v. Williams, supra.\nDefendant argues strenuously that the officer had no probable cause to arrest defendant for possession of burglary tools and therefore no right to search for them. The argument that the officer had no probable cause, at the time he stopped defendant, to arrest defendant for anything appears to be sound. However, the argument begs the question. The State does not contend that the search was conducted as an incident of arrest. The search was a protective search, and the incriminating items were exposed when defendant\u2019s shirttail was raised by Officer Bullock for the purpose of seizing what appeared to be a weapon or weapons. \u201c[W]e cannot blind ourselves to the need for law enforcement officers to protect themselves and other prospective victims of violence in situations where they may lack probable cause for an arrest. When an officer is justified in believing that the individual whose suspicious behavior he is investigating at close range is armed and presently dangerous to the officer or to others, it would appear to be clearly unreasonable to deny the officer the power to take necessary measures to determine whether the person is in fact carrying a weapon and to neutralize the threat of physical harm.\u201d Terry v. Ohio, supra. When an officer temporarily detains a person because of suspicious circumstances and has reason to believe that the suspect is armed, he may conduct a weapons search which is limited to the protective purpose. Terry v. Ohio, supra; Adams v. Williams, supra. If, in the conduct of the limited weapons search, contraband or evidence of a crime is of necessity exposed, the officer is not required by the Fourth Amendment to disregard such contraband or evidence of crime.\nOfficer Bullock had the right, and we think he had the duty, to temporarily detain the defendant to ascertain his name and his purpose for being in this deserted area at 2:45 a.m. Upon observing a bulge under defendant\u2019s shirttail that appeared to be a pistol or other weapon, Officer Bullock had the right to make a weapons search to protect himself from harm. When he \u201cpatted\u201d defendant\u2019s shirt and felt a metal object he clearly had the right, and we think he had the duty, to tell defendant to stand still and to raise his shirttail for the purpose of seizing the suspected weapon. The implements of housebreaking, which of necessity were exposed, gave probable cause for Officer Bullock to arrest defendant for possession of burglary tools.\nWe hold that the officer\u2019s testimony and the exhibits were properly admitted as evidence for the State.\nNo error.\nChief Judge Mallard and Judge Britt concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "BROCK, Judge."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Attorney General Morgan, by Assistant Attorney General Denson, for the State.",
      "William E. Grantmyre for defendant."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. GEORGE STREETER\nNo. 723SC676\n(Filed 20 December 1972)\nCriminal Law \u00a7 84; Searches and Seizures \u00a7 1\u2014 temporary detention \u2014 search for weapons \u2014 seizure of implements of housebreaking\nWhen a police officer observed defendant standing beside a highway near some businesses at 2:45 a.m., he had the right to detain defendant temporarily to ascertain his name and purpose for being in the area; upon observing a bulge under defendant\u2019s shirt that appeared to be a weapon, the officer had the right to make a weapons search to protect himself from harm; and upon feeling a metal object he believed to be a weapon, he had the right to have defendant raise his shirttail for the purpose of seizing the suspected weapon and had the right to seize implements of housebreaking that were exposed when defendant raised his shirttail.\nAppeal by defendant from Rouse, Judge, 6 December 1971 Session of Superior Court held in Pitt County.\nDefendant was charged in a bill of indictment, proper in form, with the felony of possession of implements of housebreaking. G.S. 14-55. Upon his plea of not guilty he was tried by jury and found guilty as charged.\nOn 10 December 1971 Judge Rouse ordered that defendant be committed to the State Department of Correction Diagnostic Center for a presentence diagnostic study and report. G.S. 148-12. After completion of the diagnostic study, defendant was returned to Pitt County for sentencing. On 24 March 1972 Judge Peel entered final judgment ordering imprisonment for a period of not less than eighteen months nor more than six years, less time spent in jail awaiting trial and less time spent under the commitment to the diagnostic center. Defendant appealed.\nThe facts sufficient for an understanding of this appeal are set forth in the opinion.\nAttorney General Morgan, by Assistant Attorney General Denson, for the State.\nWilliam E. Grantmyre for defendant."
  },
  "file_name": "0048-01",
  "first_page_order": 72,
  "last_page_order": 75
}