[
  {
    "id": 8434364,
    "name": "DAVID NOBLE WATTS, Employee, Plaintiff v. BORG WARNER AUTOMOTIVE, INC., Employer, and LUMBERMENS MUTUAL CASUALTY COMPANY, Carrier, Defendants",
    "name_abbreviation": "Watts v. Borg Warner Automotive, Inc.",
    "decision_date": "2005-06-21",
    "docket_number": "No. COA04-895",
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        "cite": "491 S.E.2d 678",
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        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "681"
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          {
            "page": "681"
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      {
        "cite": "127 N.C. App. 529",
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            "page": "534"
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        "cite": "326 S.E.2d 72",
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        "year": 1985,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "parenthetical": "The employee told his supervisor about the accident within a week, but had not suffered any pain and was unaware of his injury. The Court found the defendant was not prejudiced in the delay."
          }
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      {
        "cite": "73 N.C. App. 112",
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            "parenthetical": "The employee told his supervisor about the accident within a week, but had not suffered any pain and was unaware of his injury. The Court found the defendant was not prejudiced in the delay."
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            "parenthetical": "The employer was on constructive notice because it received a doctor's bill for plaintiff's injury within a month. The Court found no prejudice in the delay."
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            "parenthetical": "The employer was on constructive notice because it received a doctor's bill for plaintiff's injury within a month. The Court found no prejudice in the delay."
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            "parenthetical": "The defendant conceded immediate notice but contended prejudice by the surviving spouse's filing of a claim a year late. The court remanded for a finding of prejudice because the Commission's award failed to address it."
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      {
        "cite": "130 N.C. App. 517",
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        "reporter": "N.C. App.",
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            "parenthetical": "The defendant conceded immediate notice but contended prejudice by the surviving spouse's filing of a claim a year late. The court remanded for a finding of prejudice because the Commission's award failed to address it."
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        "cite": "549 S.E.2d 580",
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          {
            "page": "581",
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        ],
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      {
        "cite": "145 N.C. App. 1",
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        "case_ids": [
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            "page": "2",
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        "cite": "284 S.E.2d 716",
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            "page": "717"
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        "cite": "55 N.C. App. 244",
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            "parenthetical": "The plaintiff filed a claim after thirty days but showed reasonable excuse that doctors mis-diagnosed his injury as a heart attack when the actual injury was a herniated disc and the plaintiff depended on his wife and doctor to notify the defendant of his work-related injuries."
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        "cite": "138 N.C. App. 593",
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            "parenthetical": "The defendant failed to allege prejudice and the delay of five months for written notice did not prejudice the defendant. The Court held the defendant had notice because the plaintiff's incident report was made after the flight was complete."
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      {
        "cite": "155 N.C. App. 169",
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        "cite": "583 S.E.2d 410",
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            "page": "411-12",
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          "/us/537/1148-05",
          "/us/537/1148-06",
          "/us/537/1148-08",
          "/us/537/1148-09",
          "/us/537/1148-01",
          "/us/537/1148-07"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "290 F.3d 768",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "F.3d",
        "case_ids": [
          9435021
        ],
        "year": 2002,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "791-92",
            "parenthetical": "the defendant did not waive introduction of expert testimony by not renewing proper objection in pretrial hearing"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/f3d/290/0768-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "519 F.3d 1073",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "F.3d",
        "year": 2003,
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "299 F.3d 1053",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "F.3d",
        "case_ids": [
          11452735
        ],
        "year": 2002,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "1062-63",
            "parenthetical": "Citing Rule 103(a)(2), the court held a \"[contemporaneous objection is not required where, as here, the trial court definitively ruled on a motion in limine after exploring [the defendant's] objection.\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/f3d/299/1053-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "302 F.3d 448",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "F.3d",
        "case_ids": [
          11437089
        ],
        "year": 2002,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "459",
            "parenthetical": "a pretrial objection was sufficient to preserve error of proposed expert testimony for appellate review"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/f3d/302/0448-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "154 L. Ed. 2d 825",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d",
        "year": 2003,
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "296 F.3d 994",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "F.3d",
        "case_ids": [
          9406064
        ],
        "year": 2002,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "1002",
            "parenthetical": "The 2000 amendment to Rule 103 provides parties need not renew an objection \"once the Court makes a definitive ruling.\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/f3d/296/0994-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "154 L. Ed. 2d 915",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d",
        "year": 2003,
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "303 F.3d 582",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "F.3d",
        "case_ids": [
          11434364
        ],
        "year": 2002,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "600",
            "parenthetical": "\"As the Advisory Committee Notes to Rule 103 make clear, '[w]hen the ruling is definitive, a renewed objection or offer of proof at the time the evidence is to be offered is more a formalism than a necessity.' \""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/f3d/303/0582-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "334 F.3d 124",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "F.3d",
        "case_ids": [
          1530132
        ],
        "year": 2003,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "133-34",
            "parenthetical": "\"Our circuit rule has now been codified in a 2000 amendment to Rule 103, Federal Rules of Evidence.\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/f3d/334/0124-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "317 F.3d 1387",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "F.3d",
        "case_ids": [
          9345637
        ],
        "year": 2003,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "1391",
            "parenthetical": "Pursuant to Rule 103, the plaintiff's contention that the defendants waived their right to challenge on appeal the admission of an expert's testimony is rejected."
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/f3d/317/1387-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "345 F.3d 999",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "F.3d",
        "case_ids": [
          9090225
        ],
        "year": 2003,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "1001",
            "parenthetical": "holding a pretrial objection preserved the issue for review under Rule 103(a) of the Federal Rules of Evidence"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/f3d/345/0999-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "390 F.3d 377",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "F.3d",
        "case_ids": [
          9140137
        ],
        "year": 2004,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "387",
            "parenthetical": "\"A renewed objection at trial is no longer required to preserve error.\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/f3d/390/0377-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "436 S.E.2d 407",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 1993,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "411",
            "parenthetical": "\"Rule 46(a)(1) . . . preserves the effect of a seasonably made objection to a specified line of questioning.\""
          },
          {
            "parenthetical": "emphasis supplied"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "112 N.C. App. 580",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C. App.",
        "case_ids": [
          8522846
        ],
        "year": 1993,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "586",
            "parenthetical": "\"Rule 46(a)(1) . . . preserves the effect of a seasonably made objection to a specified line of questioning.\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc-app/112/0580-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "265 S.E.2d 227",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 1980,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "233"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "300 N.C. 57",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          8559759
        ],
        "year": 1980,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "68"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/300/0057-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "525 S.E.2d 469",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 1999,
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "350 N.C. 103",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          132294,
          132044,
          132108,
          131918,
          132209
        ],
        "year": 1999,
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
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          "/nc/350/0103-04",
          "/nc/350/0103-05",
          "/nc/350/0103-02",
          "/nc/350/0103-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "511 S.E.2d 22",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "25"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "132 N.C. App. 197",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C. App.",
        "case_ids": [
          11237348
        ],
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "201-02"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc-app/132/0197-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "523 S.E.2d 663",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 2000,
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "351 N.C. 277",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          1155670
        ],
        "year": 2000,
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/351/0277-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "508 S.E.2d 537",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 1998,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "540",
            "parenthetical": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 15A-1446(d)(5) is in conflict with Rule 10(b)(3)"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "131 N.C. App. 591",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C. App.",
        "case_ids": [
          11203163
        ],
        "year": 1998,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "596-97",
            "parenthetical": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 15A-1446(d)(5) is in conflict with Rule 10(b)(3)"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc-app/131/0591-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "377 S.E.2d 238",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 1989,
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "324 N.C. 114",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          2483680,
          2485665,
          2484973,
          2487262,
          2487903
        ],
        "year": 1989,
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/324/0114-02",
          "/nc/324/0114-05",
          "/nc/324/0114-01",
          "/nc/324/0114-03",
          "/nc/324/0114-04"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "373 S.E.2d 130",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 1988,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "132-33",
            "parenthetical": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 15A-1446(d)(5) is in conflict with Rule 10(b)(3)"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "91 N.C. App. 559",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C. App.",
        "case_ids": [
          8526199
        ],
        "year": 1988,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "563-64",
            "parenthetical": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 15A-1446(d)(5) is in conflict with Rule 10(b)(3)"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc-app/91/0559-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "335 S.E.2d 920",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 1985,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "923",
            "parenthetical": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 15A-1446(d)(5) is in conflict with Rule 10 of the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "77 N.C. App. 600",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C. App.",
        "case_ids": [
          8524593
        ],
        "year": 1985,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "603-04",
            "parenthetical": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 15A-1446(d)(5) is in conflict with Rule 10 of the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc-app/77/0600-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "462 S.E.2d 492",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 1995,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "504",
            "parenthetical": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 15A-1446(d)(5) is in conflict with Rule 10(b)(3)"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "341 N.C. 658",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          793180
        ],
        "year": 1995,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "676-77",
            "parenthetical": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 15A-1446(d)(5) is in conflict with Rule 10(b)(3)"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/341/0658-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "364 S.E.2d 368",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 1988,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "370",
            "parenthetical": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 15A-1446(d)(5) is in conflict with Rule 10(b)(3)"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "321 N.C. 550",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          2572595
        ],
        "year": 1988,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "552-53",
            "parenthetical": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 15A-1446(d)(5) is in conflict with Rule 10(b)(3)"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/321/0550-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "402 S.E.2d 627",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 1991,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "637",
            "parenthetical": "\"the General Assembly is the sole source of the North Carolina Rules of Civil Procedure, unless this authority is expressly delegated to the Supreme Court\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "328 N.C. 436",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          2538798
        ],
        "year": 1991,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "452",
            "parenthetical": "\"the General Assembly is the sole source of the North Carolina Rules of Civil Procedure, unless this authority is expressly delegated to the Supreme Court\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/328/0436-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "186 S.E.2d 514",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 1972,
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "280 N.C. 495",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          8572651,
          8572684,
          8572723,
          8572669,
          8572702
        ],
        "year": 1972,
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/280/0495-01",
          "/nc/280/0495-03",
          "/nc/280/0495-05",
          "/nc/280/0495-02",
          "/nc/280/0495-04"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "185 S.E.2d 478",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 1971,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "482",
            "parenthetical": "\"It is well settled in this State that it is within the power of the General Assembly to change the rules of evidence ....\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "13 N.C. App. 292",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C. App.",
        "case_ids": [
          8552859
        ],
        "year": 1971,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "297",
            "parenthetical": "\"It is well settled in this State that it is within the power of the General Assembly to change the rules of evidence ....\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc-app/13/0292-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "106 S.E.2d 875",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 1959,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "876",
            "parenthetical": "\"Every presumption favors the validity of a statute. It will not be declared invalid unless its unconstitutionality be determined beyond a reasonable doubt.\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "249 N.C. 461",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          8617217
        ],
        "year": 1959,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "463",
            "parenthetical": "\"Every presumption favors the validity of a statute. It will not be declared invalid unless its unconstitutionality be determined beyond a reasonable doubt.\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/249/0461-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "29 S.E.2d 211",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 1944,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "214"
          },
          {
            "page": "214",
            "parenthetical": "citations omitted"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "224 N.C. 42",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          8595001
        ],
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 1944,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "46"
          },
          {
            "page": "46"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/224/0042-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "135 S.E.2d 659",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 1964,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "661",
            "parenthetical": "citations omitted"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "261 N.C. 645",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          8575129
        ],
        "year": 1964,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "647",
            "parenthetical": "citations omitted"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/261/0645-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "171 N.C. App. 335",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C. App.",
        "case_ids": [
          8436815
        ],
        "weight": 2,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "337"
          },
          {
            "page": "337"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc-app/171/0335-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "170 N.C. App. 284",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C. App.",
        "case_ids": [
          9005095
        ],
        "weight": 3,
        "year": 2005,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "288"
          },
          {
            "page": "287"
          },
          {
            "page": "288",
            "parenthetical": "holding once the trial court denied the defendant's motion to suppress, he was not required to object again to preserve argument for appeal"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc-app/170/0284-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "273 S.E.2d 661",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "weight": 6,
        "year": 1981,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "664"
          },
          {
            "page": "663"
          },
          {
            "page": "664"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "302 N.C. 157",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          8564177
        ],
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 1981,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "160-61"
          },
          {
            "page": "159"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/302/0157-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "302 S.E.2d 786",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "weight": 5,
        "year": 1983,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "788",
            "parenthetical": "Appellate Rule 10(b)(2"
          },
          {
            "page": "788"
          },
          {
            "page": "790"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "308 N.C. 530",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          4705445
        ],
        "year": 1983,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "532-33"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/308/0530-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "355 S.E.2d 492",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "weight": 6,
        "year": 1987,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "493"
          },
          {
            "page": "492-93"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "319 N.C. 437",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          4742094
        ],
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 1987,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "439"
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