{ "id": 8319939, "name": "REBECCA HOYLE ELLEN, ANGELA ELLEN, FLORENCE OAKLEY, Plaintiffs v. A.C. SCHULTES OF MARYLAND, INC., A.C. SCHULTES OF CAROLINA, INC., A.C.S. & SONS, INC., JOHN O'BRIEN, and WILLIAM JEFFERYS, Defendants", "name_abbreviation": "Ellen v. A.C. Schultes of Maryland, Inc.", "decision_date": "2005-08-02", "docket_number": "No. COA04-1320", "first_page": "317", "last_page": "323", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "172 N.C. App. 317" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "35 S.E.2d 647", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1945, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "656" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "225 N.C. 494", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8611950 ], "year": 1945, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "506" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/225/0494-01" ] }, { "cite": "339 S.E.2d 90", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "93", "parenthetical": "\"[A]n action for unfair and deceptive trade practices is a distinct action separate from fraud, breach of contract, and breach of warranty.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "79 N.C. App. 315", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8520555 ], "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "320", "parenthetical": "\"[A]n action for unfair and deceptive trade practices is a distinct action separate from fraud, breach of contract, and breach of warranty.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/79/0315-01" ] }, { "cite": "426 F. Supp. 537", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F. Supp.", "case_ids": [ 3904040 ], "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "542" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f-supp/426/0537-01" ] }, { "cite": "81 F.3d 1310", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.3d", "case_ids": [ 7654036, 6468686 ], "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1317" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f3d/81/1310-01", "/br/194/1310-01" ] }, { "cite": "206 F.3d 411", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.3d", "case_ids": [ 11454200 ], "weight": 8, "year": 2000, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "416-17" }, { "page": "417-18" }, { "page": "418" }, { "page": "418", "parenthetical": "citations omitted" }, { "page": "418" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f3d/206/0411-01" ] }, { "cite": "385 F.3d 432", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.3d", "case_ids": [ 1319321 ], "year": 2004, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "435", "parenthetical": "quoting Inter. Paper v. Schwabedissen Maschinen & Anlagen, 206 F.3d 411, 416-17 (4th Cir. 2000)" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f3d/385/0432-01" ] }, { "cite": "593 S.E.2d 583", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 2004, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "358 N.C. 146", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2986770 ], "year": 2004, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/358/0146-01" ] }, { "cite": "583 S.E.2d 325", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2003, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "330" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "159 N.C. App. 470", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8956959 ], "year": 2003, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "478" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/159/0470-01" ] }, { "cite": "145 L. Ed. 2d 1072", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "year": 2000, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "528 U.S. 1155", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 9686401, 9686370, 9686435, 9686508, 9686415, 9686384, 9686544, 9686480, 9686578, 9686613, 9686646, 9686454, 9686685 ], "year": 2000, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/528/1155-03", "/us/528/1155-01", "/us/528/1155-05", "/us/528/1155-08", "/us/528/1155-04", "/us/528/1155-02", "/us/528/1155-09", "/us/528/1155-07", "/us/528/1155-10", "/us/528/1155-11", "/us/528/1155-12", "/us/528/1155-06", "/us/528/1155-13" ] }, { "cite": "539 S.E.2d 288", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1999, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "350 N.C. 832", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 132139, 132303, 132023, 132084, 132247 ], "year": 1999, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/350/0832-03", "/nc/350/0832-05", "/nc/350/0832-04", "/nc/350/0832-01", "/nc/350/0832-02" ] }, { "cite": "516 S.E.2d 879", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1999, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "881" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "134 N.C. App. 116", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 11143188 ], "year": 1999, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "118" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/134/0116-01" ] }, { "cite": "566 S.E.2d 730", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2002, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "732", "parenthetical": "quoting Howard v. Oakwood Homes Corp., 134 N.C. App. 116, 118, 516 S.E.2d 879, 881, disc. review denied, 350 N.C. 832, 539 S.E.2d 288 (1999), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 1155, 145 L. Ed. 2d 1072 (2000)" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "152 N.C. App. 103", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 9248909 ], "year": 2002, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "106", "parenthetical": "quoting Howard v. Oakwood Homes Corp., 134 N.C. App. 116, 118, 516 S.E.2d 879, 881, disc. review denied, 350 N.C. 832, 539 S.E.2d 288 (1999), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 1155, 145 L. Ed. 2d 1072 (2000)" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/152/0103-01" ] }, { "cite": "554 S.E.2d 676", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 2001, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "677" }, { "page": "678", "parenthetical": "citation and quotation marks omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "147 N.C. App. 133", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 9378395 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2001, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "135" }, { "page": "136" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/147/0133-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 789, "char_count": 15294, "ocr_confidence": 0.749, "pagerank": { "raw": 3.967621554184956e-07, "percentile": 0.9045260939923524 }, "sha256": "0c25028df6af6026c49fe4c3053a5ed7cebe43d57d46fa2e5b9df054a7a116b8", "simhash": "1:4ef6592f3ccf91f2", "word_count": 2331 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T22:22:54.702952+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Judges MCCULLOUGH and STEELMAN concur." ], "parties": [ "REBECCA HOYLE ELLEN, ANGELA ELLEN, FLORENCE OAKLEY, Plaintiffs v. A.C. SCHULTES OF MARYLAND, INC., A.C. SCHULTES OF CAROLINA, INC., A.C.S. & SONS, INC., JOHN O'BRIEN, and WILLIAM JEFFERYS, Defendants" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "TIMMONS-GOODSON, Judge.\nA.C. Schultes of Maryland, Inc. (\u201cAC Schultes\u201d), A.C.S. & Sons, Inc. (\u201cACS\u201d), John O\u2019Brien (\u201cO\u2019Brien\u201d), and William Jefferys (\u201cJefferys\u201d) (collectively, \u201cdefendants\u201d) appeal the trial court order denying their motions to compel arbitration of a suit filed by Rebecca Hoyle Ellen (\u201cRebecca\u201d), Angela Ellen (\u201cAngela\u201d), and Florence Oakley (\u201cOakley\u201d) (collectively, \u201cplaintiffs\u201d). Because we conclude that the arbitration clause at issue is not enforceable against plaintiffs, we affirm the order of the trial court.\nThe facts and procedural history pertinent to the instant appeal are as follows: Plaintiffs are shareholders in Atlantic Coast Construction & Utility, Inc. (\u201cACCU\u201d), a construction company specializing in water and sewer utilities work. In 1999, ACCU entered into a series of agreements with AC Schultes, whereby ACCU would serve as subcontractor on several construction projects awarded to and supervised by AC Schultes. Five of these projects were referred to as the \u201cWater Wells,\u201d \u201cSJAFB,\u201d \u201cPotable Water Lines,\u201d \u201cBurton,\u201d and \u201cWash Racks\u201d projects. The subcontracts of these five projects contained the following pertinent arbitration clause:\nAny controversy or claim between the Contractor and the Subcontractor arising out of or related to this Subcontract, or the breach thereof, shall be settled by arbitration ....\nOn several occasions in Spring 2000, officers of ACCU and AC Schultes met to discuss the proposed partial purchase of ACCU by AC Schultes. ACCU eventually turned down AC Schultes\u2019 proposals, and ACCU and AC Schultes continued to work with one another. However, the relationship between ACCU and AC Schultes subsequently deteriorated, and on 12 September 2001, AC Schultes filed a complaint against ACCU, requesting that the trial court require arbitration of all claims arising out of the Water Wells, SJAFB, Potable Water Lines, Burton, and Wash Racks projects. AC Schultes also requested a declaration of the financial obligations and liabilities of the parties on a sixth project, the North Lenoir project. The trial court thereafter ordered the parties to arbitrate all claims and controversies arising out of the projects.\nOn 3 January 2004, plaintiffs filed a complaint against defendants, alleging unfair and deceptive trade practices and tortious interference with prospective business advantages. In their complaint, plaintiffs allege that at or around the time ACCU declined AC Schultes\u2019 purchase attempts, O\u2019Brien \u201cbegan a course of inappropriate and unwanted sexual advances\u201d toward Angela. Plaintiffs allege that although Angela \u201cattempted to ignore [O\u2019Brien\u2019s] behavior and continue the business relationship\u201d between ACCU and AC Schultes, O\u2019Brien continued to contact and harass Angela by \u201cprofessing his love\u201d for her and by \u201cfollowing] her to . . . pursue his desired illicit relationship.\u201d Plaintiffs assert that after repeated rejections, O\u2019Brien \u201capparently got the message that [Angela] would not give in to his carnal desire\u201d in December 2000. However, AC Schultes nevertheless \u201cfailed and refused to pay ACCU for work performed by ACCU and for materials supplied'by ACCU on virtually all projects ACCU was working on.\u201d\nAccording to plaintiffs\u2019 complaint, the relationship between ACCU and AC Schultes subsequently \u201cbroke down further, to the point that the principals of ACCU were taking personal money and obtaining personal loans to complete the projects ACCU had with [AC Schultes][.]\u201d Jefferys and O\u2019Brien thereafter allegedly \u201ccontacted ACCU vendors and subcontractors and slandered ACCU by stating that ACCU would not pay its bills even though it had been paid by [AC Schultes], which they knew not to be true.\u201d Jefferys and O\u2019Brien also allegedly \u201casked at least some vendors not to do further business with ACCU[,]\u201d and \u201cstated to ACCU vendors that [AC Schultes] was going to put ACCU out of business.\u201d Plaintiffs assert that Jefferys and O\u2019Brien also \u201ccontacted ACCU employees and told them that ACCU was going to be put out of business and told them they should come to work for [AC Schultes] while they could[,]\u201d and \u201cfiled fraudulent documentation with the Federal Government to obtain payment for work performed by ACCU, and then continued to withhold payment to ACCU for the work performed.\u201d According to plaintiffs, \u201c [t]he actions of Jefferys and O\u2019Brien were taken with the deliberate purpose of destroying the plaintiffs\u2019[] business and reputations in the very limited field of utilities contracting [,]\u201d and the actions \u201cwere taken in retaliation for [Angela\u2019s] refusal of [O\u2019Brien\u2019s] illegal, unwanted and adulterous sexual advances toward her.\u201d Plaintiffs contend that the actions of Jefferys and O\u2019Brien were on behalf of AC Schultes, and because ACS received profits from the operation of AC Schultes, it was a \u201cknowing beneficiary\u201d of the actions and thus should be responsible for the damages resulting from the alleged actions.\nAs a result of the alleged actions, plaintiffs assert that by August 2001, \u201call of ACCU\u2019s funds were exhausted, all of [plaintiffs\u2019] funds were depleted, and all of their ability to obtain credit was depleted as well.\u201d Plaintiffs further assert that after the parties\u2019 \u201clast attempt to resolve the payment issues\u201d was unsuccessful, AC Schultes \u201calmost immediately filed for arbitration on five projects for which it owed ACCU money and filed a lawsuit in Lenoir County[.]\u201d AC Schultes thereafter allegedly \u201cpaid exorbitant amounts of money to other contractors for the purported purpose of completing the outstanding work[,]\u201d in an effort to \u201cestablish[] enough \u2018back charges\u2019 against ACCU [so] as to cancel out all amounts owed to ACCU.\u201d Plaintiffs allege that \u201c[a]s a direct result of the foregoing illegal actions, plaintiffs have lost their entire investment in the company as well as incurred substantial additional damages for loss of future earnings and return on capital,\u201d and further \u201clost the prospective business advantage of having vendors and subcontractors that will work with them to conduct future business in the utilities field, in a manner customary for that field.\u201d\nOn 19 February 2004, defendants filed a motion to dismiss plaintiffs\u2019 claim pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 1A-1, Rule 12(b)(6). The trial court subsequently denied defendants\u2019 motion, and on 23 April 2004, defendants filed separate answers to plaintiffs\u2019 complaint as well as separate motions to compel arbitration of the issues in the complaint. Following a hearing on the matter, on 14 June 2004, the trial court issued an order denying defendants\u2019 motions to compel arbitration. It is from this order that defendants appeal.\nThe only issue on appeal is whether the trial court erred by. denying defendants\u2019 motions to compel arbitration. Defendants argue that plaintiffs and their complaint are subject to arbitration. \u25a0 We disagree.\nWe note initially that a trial court\u2019s decision to deny a motion to compel arbitration is interlocutory in nature. See Raspet v. Buck, 147 N.C. App. 133, 135, 554 S.E.2d 676, 677 (2001). Nevertheless, this Court has previously held that \u201c \u2018[t]he right to arbitrate a claim is a substantial right which may be lost if review is delayed, and an order denying arbitration is therefore immediately appealable.\u2019 \u201d Boynton v. ESC Med. Sys., Inc., 152 N.C. App. 103, 106, 566 S.E.2d 730, 732 (2002) (quoting Howard v. Oakwood Homes Corp., 134 N.C. App. 116, 118, 516 S.E.2d 879, 881, disc. review denied, 350 N.C. 832, 539 S.E.2d 288 (1999), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 1155, 145 L. Ed. 2d 1072 (2000)) (alteration in original). Accordingly, we will address the merits of defendants\u2019 instant appeal.\nDetermination of whether a dispute is subject to arbitration involves a two-pronged analysis. Sloan Fin. Grp., Inc. v. Beckett, 159 N.C. App. 470, 478, 583 S.E.2d 325, 330 (2003), aff\u2019d per curiam, 358 N.C. 146, 593 S.E.2d 583 (2004). The trial court must determine whether the specific dispute is covered by the \u201c \u2018substantive scope of th[e] agreement^]\u2019 \u201d and whether \u201c \u2018the parties had a valid agreement to arbitrate^]\u2019 \u201d Id. (quoting Raspet, 147 N.C. App. at 136, 554 S.E.2d at 678 (citation and quotation marks omitted)). \u201cThe obligation and entitlement to arbitrate \u2018does not attach only to one who has personally signed the written arbitration provision.\u2019 Rather, \u2018[w]ell-established common law principles dictate that in an appropriate case a nonsignatory can enforce, or be bound by, an arbitration provision within a contract executed by other parties.\u2019\u201d Washington Square Securities, Inc. v. Aune, 385 F.3d 432, 435 (4th Cir. 2004) (quoting Inter. Paper v. Schwabedissen Maschinen & Anlagen, 206 F.3d 411, 416-17 (4th Cir. 2000)) (alteration in original).\nIn the instant case, Angela and Rebecca signed the contracts between ACCU and AC Schultes only in their capacity as officers of ACCU. Nevertheless, defendants assert that the doctrine of equitable estoppel requires plaintiffs to arbitrate the issues of their individual complaint against defendants. \u201cEquitable estoppel precludes a party from asserting rights \u2018he otherwise would have had against another\u2019 when his own conduct renders assertion of those rights contrary to equity.\u201d Schwabedissen, 206 F.3d at 417-18 (quoting First Union Commercial Corp. v. Nelson, Mullins, Riley & Scarborough (In re Varat Enterprises, Inc.), 81 F.3d 1310, 1317 (4th Cir. 1996)).\nIn the arbitration context, the doctrine recognizes that a party may be estopped from asserting that the lack of his signature on a written contract precludes enforcement of the contract\u2019s arbitration clause when he has consistently maintained that other provisions of the same contract should be enforced to benefit him. \u201cTo allow [a plaintiff] to claim the benefit of the contract and simultaneously avoid its burdens would both disregard equity and contravene the purposes underlying enactment of the Arbitration Act.\u201d\nSchwabedissen, 206 F.3d at 418 (quoting Avila Group, Inc. v. Norma J. of California, 426 F. Supp. 537, 542 (S.D.N.Y. 1977)) (alteration in original).\nIn Schwabedissen, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals noted that \u201c[a] nonsignatory is estopped from refusing to comply with an arbitration clause \u2018when it [is seeking or] receives a \u201cdirect benefit\u201d from a contract containing an arbitration clause.\u2019 \u201d 206 F.3d at 418 (citations omitted). In that case, International Paper agreed to buy an industrial saw from Wood Systems, who in turn engaged Schwabedissen to build the saw according to specifications set forth in a contract. After the saw delivered to International Paper failed to work properly, International Paper filed suit against Schwabedissen, alleging breach of contract and breach of warranties based upon the Wood Systems-Schwabedissen contract. On appeal of the trial court order enforcing an arbitration award, International Paper argued that it was not bound to arbitrate its claim against Schwabedissen because it was not a signatory to the contract between Wood Systems and Schwabedissen. The Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals disagreed, holding that because International Paper was seeking to gain a direct benefit from the provisions of the Wood Systems-Schwabedissen contract, it was estopped from avoiding the contract provisions requiring arbitration of its claims. Id. The Court explained its reasoning as follows:\nThe Wood-Schwabedissen contract provides part of the factual foundation for every claim asserted by International Paper against Schwabedissen. . . . International Paper alleges that Schwabedissen failed to honor the warranties in the Wood-Schwabedissen contract and it seeks damages, revocation, and rejection \u201cin accordance with\u201d that contract. International Paper\u2019s entire case hinges on its asserted rights under the Wood-Schwabedissen contract; it cannot seek to enforce those contractual rights and avoid the contract\u2019s [arbitration] requirement....\nId.\nIn the instant case, defendants cite Schwabedissen in support of their argument that plaintiffs are estopped from refusing to arbitrate their claims. However, although we note that the contract between ACCU and AC Schultes \u201cprovides part of the factual foundation\u201d for plaintiffs\u2019 complaint, we also note that in Schwabedissen, International Paper\u2019s \u201centire case hinge [d] on its asserted rights under the Wood-Schwabedissen contract^]\u201d Id. In the instant case, plaintiffs are not seeking any direct benefits from the contracts containing the relevant arbitration clause, nor are they asserting any rights arising under the ACCU-AC Schultes contracts. Neither plaintiffs\u2019 allegations of unfair and deceptive trade practices nor plaintiffs\u2019 allegations of tortious interference depend upon the contracts containing the arbitration clause. Both of the claims are dependent upon legal duties imposed by North Carolina statutory or common law rather than contract .law. See United Virginia Bank v. Air-Lift Associates, 79 N.C. App. 315, 320, 339 S.E.2d 90, 93 (1986) (\u201c[A]n action for unfair and deceptive trade practices is a distinct action separate from fraud, breach of contract, and breach of warranty.\u201d); Coleman v. Whisnant, 225 N.C. 494, 506, 35 S.E.2d 647, 656 (1945) (\u201cWe think the general rule prevails that unlawful interference with the freedom of contract is actionable, whether it consists in maliciously procuring breach of a contract, or in preventing the making of a contract when this is done, not in the legitimate exercise of the defendant\u2019s own right, but with design to injure the plaintiffs, or gaining some advantage at his expense.\u201d). Thus, defendants\u2019 liability will be determined by its duties under North Carolina statutory and common law, not by its duties under the contracts between ACCU and AC Schultes. Unlike in Schwabedissen, plaintiffs\u2019 \u201centire case\u201d does not \u201chinge [] on [any] asserted rights under the . . . contract.\u201d 206 F.3d at 418. Therefore, because plaintiffs are not seeking a direct benefit from the provisions of the ACCU-AC Schultes contracts, we conclude that the doctrine of equitable estoppel cannot be used to force plaintiffs to arbitrate their individual claims. Accordingly, we hold that the trial court did not err in denying defendants\u2019 motions to compel arbitration.\nAffirmed.\nJudges MCCULLOUGH and STEELMAN concur.\n. A.C. Schultes of Carolina, Inc. was dismissed pursuant to the trial court order and thus is not a party to the instant appeal.", "type": "majority", "author": "TIMMONS-GOODSON, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Shipman Gore Mason & Wright, L.L.P., by Gary K. Shipman, William G. Wright, and Nicole Moss, for plaintiffs-appellees.", "Daniel Lee Brawley and Barbara A. Samples, and Maupin Taylor, P.A., by Gilbert C. Laite, III, for defendants-appellants." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "REBECCA HOYLE ELLEN, ANGELA ELLEN, FLORENCE OAKLEY, Plaintiffs v. A.C. SCHULTES OF MARYLAND, INC., A.C. SCHULTES OF CAROLINA, INC., A.C.S. & SONS, INC., JOHN O'BRIEN, and WILLIAM JEFFERYS, Defendants\nNo. COA04-1320\n(Filed 2 August 2005)\nArbitration and Mediation\u2014 motion to compel denied \u2014 claims not based on contract\nDefendants\u2019 motion to compel arbitration was properly denied where plaintiffs were not seeking any direct benefits from the contracts containing the relevant arbitration clause.\nAppeal by defendants from order entered 14 June 2004 by Judge John B. Lewis, Jr., in Onslow County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 12 May 2005.\nShipman Gore Mason & Wright, L.L.P., by Gary K. Shipman, William G. Wright, and Nicole Moss, for plaintiffs-appellees.\nDaniel Lee Brawley and Barbara A. Samples, and Maupin Taylor, P.A., by Gilbert C. Laite, III, for defendants-appellants." }, "file_name": "0317-01", "first_page_order": 347, "last_page_order": 353 }