{ "id": 8234232, "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. WILLIAM EARL FULLER, Defendant", "name_abbreviation": "State v. Fuller", "decision_date": "2006-08-01", "docket_number": "No. COA05-769", "first_page": "61", "last_page": "72", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "179 N.C. App. 61" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "611 S.E.2d 851", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "case_ids": [ 12632713, 12632714 ], "year": 2005, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/se2d/611/0851-01", "/se2d/611/0851-02" ] }, { "cite": "359 N.C. 326", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 3801539, 12632708, 3796390, 12632712, 3800330, 12632716, 3802445, 3803245, 3796782, 12632717, 12632719, 3796211, 3800119 ], "year": 2005, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/359/0326-03", "/se2d/611/0847-02", "/nc/359/0326-02", "/se2d/611/0850-01", "/nc/359/0326-08", "/se2d/611/0852-02", "/nc/359/0326-04", "/nc/359/0326-01", "/nc/359/0326-05", "/se2d/611/0853-01", "/se2d/611/0854-02", "/nc/359/0326-07", "/nc/359/0326-06" ] }, { "cite": "624 S.E.2d 633", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "case_ids": [ 12634922, 12634923 ], "year": 2005, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/se2d/624/0633-01", "/se2d/624/0633-02" ] }, { "cite": "621 S.E.2d 874", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "case_ids": [ 12634403 ], "year": 2005, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/se2d/621/0874-01" ] }, { "cite": "616 S.E.2d 366", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "case_ids": [ 12633564 ], "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "370" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/se2d/616/0366-01" ] }, { "cite": "616 S.E.2d 496", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "case_ids": [ 12633572 ], "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "499", "parenthetical": "internal quotation marks omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/se2d/616/0496-01" ] }, { "cite": "623 S.E.2d 11", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "case_ids": [ 12634569, 12634570 ], "year": 2006, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "29-30", "parenthetical": "quoting State v. Walker, 316 N.C. 33, 39, 340 S.E.2d 80, 83 (1986)" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/se2d/623/0011-01", "/se2d/623/0011-02" ] }, { "cite": "627 S.E.2d 609", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "case_ids": [ 12635399 ], "weight": 4, "year": 2006, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "613" }, { "page": "612-13" }, { "page": "613" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/se2d/627/0609-01" ] }, { "cite": "602 S.E.2d 374", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2004, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "381", "parenthetical": "ordering new sentencing hearing when trial court had indicated it would impose a mitigated sentence if defendant pled guilty prior to trial, but that a sentence would be from the presumptive range following trial" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "166 N.C. App. 401", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8411427 ], "year": 2004, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "412-13", "parenthetical": "ordering new sentencing hearing when trial court had indicated it would impose a mitigated sentence if defendant pled guilty prior to trial, but that a sentence would be from the presumptive range following trial" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/166/0401-01" ] }, { "cite": "571 S.E.2d 883", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 2002, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "885", "parenthetical": "emphasis added" }, { "page": "884" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "154 N.C. App. 515", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 9251004 ], "year": 2002, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "517", "parenthetical": "emphasis added" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/154/0515-01" ] }, { "cite": "239 S.E.2d 459", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "465" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "293 N.C. 702", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8567044 ], "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "712" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/293/0702-01" ] }, { "cite": "308 S.E.2d 442", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "445" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "309 N.C. 601", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4765014 ], "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "605" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/309/0601-01" ] }, { "cite": "360 N.C. 78", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 3789190, 3790698, 3793132, 3793873, 3791767, 3790329, 3790458 ], "year": 2005, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/360/0078-06", "/nc/360/0078-04", "/nc/360/0078-07", "/nc/360/0078-02", "/nc/360/0078-03", "/nc/360/0078-05", "/nc/360/0078-01" ] }, { "cite": "360 N.C. 80", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 3798426 ], "year": 2005, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/360/0080-01" ] }, { "cite": "172 N.C. App. 464", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8320459 ], "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "470" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/172/0464-01" ] }, { "cite": "426 S.E.2d 410", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "414-15", "parenthetical": "concluding indictment alleging first degree rape was sufficient to convict defendant of aiding and abetting first degree rape" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "109 N.C. App. 136", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8524673 ], "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "142-43", "parenthetical": "concluding indictment alleging first degree rape was sufficient to convict defendant of aiding and abetting first degree rape" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/109/0136-01" ] }, { "cite": "537 S.E.2d 827", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2000, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "829" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "140 N.C. App. 600", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 12132716 ], "year": 2000, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "602" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/140/0600-01" ] }, { "cite": "578 S.E.2d 589", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2003, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "356 N.C. 689", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 1511305, 1511529, 1511154, 1511318, 1511452 ], "year": 2003, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/356/0689-01", "/nc/356/0689-05", "/nc/356/0689-03", "/nc/356/0689-02", "/nc/356/0689-04" ] }, { "cite": "279 S.E.2d 592", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "594" }, { "page": "594" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "303 N.C. 507", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8574100 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "510" }, { "page": "510" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/303/0507-01" ] }, { "cite": "572 S.E.2d 433", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 2002, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "436", "parenthetical": "alteration original" }, { "page": "436" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "154 N.C. App. 419", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 9250373 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2002, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "423", "parenthetical": "alteration original" }, { "page": "423" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/154/0419-01" ] }, { "cite": "592 S.E.2d 687", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2004, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "358 N.C. 147", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2986563 ], "year": 2004, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/358/0147-01" ] }, { "cite": "585 S.E.2d 253", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2003, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "255" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "160 N.C. App. 224", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8955187 ], "year": 2003, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "225" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/160/0224-01" ] }, { "cite": "359 N.C. 832", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 3793573 ], "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "837", "parenthetical": "internal quotation marks omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/359/0832-01" ] }, { "cite": "340 S.E.2d 80", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "83" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "316 N.C. 33", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4696125 ], "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "39" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/316/0033-01" ] }, { "cite": "360 N.C. 110", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 3788006 ], "year": 2006, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "138-39", "parenthetical": "quoting State v. Walker, 316 N.C. 33, 39, 340 S.E.2d 80, 83 (1986)" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/360/0110-01" ] }, { "cite": "360 N.C. 368", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 3788582 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2006, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "375" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/360/0368-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 985, "char_count": 26243, "ocr_confidence": 0.754, "pagerank": { "raw": 5.737608991946718e-08, "percentile": 0.35938736196589066 }, "sha256": "79f8d2f66d995c261d09e7db679f0fc9e35a60f4e8cf9bbf8f8e5da602e8daa2", "simhash": "1:4539b4a07421649c", "word_count": 4225 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T22:27:33.869735+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Judges McGEE and CALABRIA concur." ], "parties": [ "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. WILLIAM EARL FULLER, Defendant" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "GEER, Judge.\nDefendant William Earl Fuller appeals his convictions for two counts of indecent liberties with a child and three counts of first degree rape of a child. On appeal, defendant argues primarily that the ' trial court\u2019s jury instructions erroneously denied him the right to a unanimous jury. State v. Lawrence, 360 N.C. 368, 627 S.E.2d 609 (2006), however, establishes that no unanimity problem occurred in this case. Defendant also contends that the trial judge\u2019s conduct throughout the trial denied him his constitutional right to an impartial tribunal, to present a defense, and to effective assistance of counsel. While we do not agree that the trial judge\u2019s behavior requires a new trial, we agree with defendant that it appears the trial judge improperly based defendant\u2019s sentence, at least in part, on defendant\u2019s decision to proceed with a jury trial rather than plead guilty. We, therefore, remand for a new sentencing hearing.\nFacts\nAt trial, the State\u2019s evidence tended to show the following facts. Sometime in January 2003, Victoria noticed that Timothy, her 10-year-old son, and his younger brother David were unusually quiet while taking their bath. Upon entering the bathroom, Victoria \u201cdidn\u2019t see anything going on,\u201d but she noticed that both children\u2019s \u201cprivate areas were ... erect.\u201d When questioned, Timothy explained he had been \u201con top of\u2019 David because he had not \u201cdone it in a long time.\u201d Timothy told Victoria he had \u201cdone it\u201d before with defendant\u2019s girlfriend, Teresa Mitchell. Defendant is Timothy\u2019s father, and, at the time, Mitchell was 33 or 34 years old.\nOn 6 February 2003, Victoria took Timothy to see Dr. Sara Patel with complaints of a swollen and painful testicle. Dr. Patel spoke with Timothy in private and asked him if any one had hurt or touched his private area. Timothy explained defendant was \u201cteaching him how to be ... a man\u201d by making Timothy have sexual intercourse with Mitchell. Dr. Patel\u2019s office contacted the Department of Social Services.\nTimothy was later interviewed by Sergeant Pete Acosta of the Graham Police Department and told Sergeant Acosta that defendant had made him engage in sexual acts with Mitchell. Sergeant Acosta thereafter interviewed Mitchell, who admitted that Timothy\u2019s statements were true.\nDefendant was indicted for three counts of first degree rape and two counts of taking indecent liberties with a child. Upon a plea of not guilty, the matter went to trial before Judge Evelyn W. Hill beginning on 4 August 2004.\nAt trial, Timothy testified that defendant told Timothy to come into defendant\u2019s bedroom while Mitchell was naked on the bed. Defendant instructed Timothy to take off his clothes and \u201cget on\u201d Mitchell. Defendant then put his hand on Timothy\u2019s back and guided him \u201cup and down\u201d while Timothy had sex with Mitchell. Afterwards, defendant \u201cshow[ed] [Timothy] how to do it\u201d by having sex with Mitchell while Timothy watched. Timothy also testified to possibly three other instances during which he had sex with Mitchell while defendant observed, either surreptitiously from a closet, or directly from the bed or a nearby chair.\nMitchell testified that the first instance of sexual conduct occurred at the Trails End Apartments in 2001 when defendant made Timothy have sex with Mitchell and then had sex with Mitchell himself while Timothy watched. Mitchell then testified to a second instance of sexual conduct at the Trails End Apartments during which defendant again made Timothy have sex with Mitchell while Mitchell simultaneously performed oral sex on defendant. Finally, Mitchell testified to a third sexual incident, occurring at the Park Ridge Apartments in 2002, in which defendant told Timothy he was leaving and instructed Mitchell to lay in bed naked. As defendant hid in a nearby closet, Mitchell called Timothy into the bedroom. Although Timothy came into the room as instructed, he ultimately, urinated on himself. Mitchell left the room and told defendant, but defendant directed Mitchell to \u201cdo what he had told [her] to do.\u201d Mitchell then had sex with Timothy for \u201c15 or 20 seconds\u201d and sent Timothy back to his room.\nThe jury found defendant guilty of three counts of first degree rape and two counts of taking indecent liberties with a child. The trial court sentenced defendant to a prison term within the presumptive range of 336 to 413 months for one count of first degree rape. The trial court then consolidated the remaining four counts and sentenced defendant to an additional consecutive term within the presumptive range of 336 to 413 months. Defendant timely appealed to this Court.\nIndecent Liberties Jury Instructions\nWe first address defendant\u2019s contention that the trial court committed plain error with respect to the indecent liberties charges by instructing the jury on a theory of guilt not charged in the indictments. \u201c \u2018The plain error rule applies only in truly exceptional cases. Before deciding that an error by the trial court amounts to plain error, the appellate court must be convinced that absent the error the jury probably would have reached a different verdict. ... In other words, the appellate court must determine that the error in question tilted the scales and caused the jury to reach its verdict convicting the defendant.\u2019 \u201d State v. Duke, 360 N.C. 110, 138-39, 623 S.E.2d 11, 29-30 (2006) (quoting State v. Walker, 316 N.C. 33, 39, 340 S.E.2d 80, 83 (1986)).\nDefendant argues that because the State\u2019s original indecent liberties indictments charged him as a principal, but the State\u2019s superced-ing indictments later charged him only as an aider and abettor, the trial court committed plain error by instructing the jury that defendant could be convicted of committing indecent liberties on a child either as a principal or as an aider and abettor. Under N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 15A-646 (2005):\nIf at any time before entry of a plea of guilty to an indictment or information, or commencement of a trial thereof, another indictment or information is filed in the same court charging the defendant with an offense charged or attempted to be charged in the first instrument, the first one is, with respect to the offense, superseded by the second and, upon the defendant\u2019s arraignment upon the second indictment or information, the count of the first instrument charging the offense must be dismissed by the superior court judge.\nAs defendant contends, pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 15A-646, the State\u2019s later indictments did, therefore, supercede the original indictments.\nNevertheless, \u201cthe chief policies underlying the indictment requirement are (1) to give the defendant notice of the charge against him to the end that he may prepare a defense and be in a position to plead double jeopardy if he is again brought to trial for the same offense and (2) to enable the court to know what judgment to pronounce in case of conviction.\u201d State v. Jones, 359 N.C. 832, 837, 616 S.E.2d 496, 499 (2005) (internal quotation marks omitted). Accordingly, this Court has held that \u201c[a] bill of indictment is legally sufficient if it charges the substance of the offense and puts the defendant on notice that he will be called upon to defend against proof of the manner and means by which the crime was perpetrated.\u201d State v. Ingram, 160 N.C. App. 224, 225, 585 S.E.2d 253, 255 (2003), aff\u2019d per curiam, 358 N.C. 147, 592 S.E.2d 687 (2004). \u201cIt is only \u2018where the evidence tends to show the commission of an offense not charged in the indictment [that] there is a fatal variance between the allegations and the proof requiring dismissal.\u2019 \u201d State v. Poole, 154 N.C. App. 419, 423, 572 S.E.2d 433, 436 (2002) (alteration original) (quoting State v. Williams, 303 N.C. 507, 510, 279 S.E.2d 592, 594 (1981)), cert. denied, 356 N.C. 689, 578 S.E.2d 589 (2003).\n\u201cBecause aiding and abetting is not a substantive offense but just a theory of criminal liability, allegations of aiding and abetting are not required in an indictment....\u201d State v. Madry, 140 N.C. App. 600, 602, 537 S.E.2d 827, 829 (2000). Consequently, the superceding indictments simply placed defendant on notice that he would have to defend as to a different theory of guilt, but not a different criminal offense. The fact that the State presented evidence tending to show that defendant committed indecent liberties as a principal as well as an aider and abettor did not mean the State offered evidence of \u201c \u2018commission of an offense not charged in the indictment,\u2019 \u201d Poole, 154 N.C. App. at 423, 572 S.E.2d at 436 (quoting Williams, 303 N.C. at 510, 279 S.E.2d at 594), and, therefore, no fatal variance occurred. We conclude, therefore, that the trial judge did not err in instructing the jury that it could convict defendant of indecent liberties under either a principal or aiding and abetting theory. Cf. State v. Ainsworth, 109 N.C. App. 136, 142-43, 426 S.E.2d 410, 414-15 (1993) (concluding indictment alleging first degree rape was sufficient to convict defendant of aiding and abetting first degree rape). This assignment of error is, accordingly, overruled.\nJuror Unanimity\nWe next consider defendant\u2019s argument that he was denied his constitutional right to a unanimous jury verdict because the State presented evidence of a greater number of sexual acts than there were charges, and the trial court\u2019s instructions and verdict sheet failed to require the jury to unanimously agree on which specific criminal acts defendant committed before finding him guilty. We disagree.\nWith respect to the two charges of indecent liberties, the jury was instructed that defendant could be found guilty on those charges either as a principal or as an aider and abettor. The State offered evidence that defendant had himself committed two acts that could amount to indecent liberties: (1) engaging in sexual intercourse with his girlfriend in Timothy\u2019s presence, and (2) having his girlfriend perform fellatio on him in Timothy\u2019s presence. In addition, the State argued that defendant could be convicted of indecent liberties based on having aided and abetted Mitchell\u2019s three instances of sexual intercourse with Timothy.\nAlthough the two theories of guilt mean that the jury may have considered a greater number of incidents than the two counts of indecent liberties charged in the indictments, our Supreme Court has held that \u201ca defendant may be unanimously convicted of indecent liberties even if: (1) the jurors considered a higher number of incidents of immoral or indecent behavior than the number of counts charged, and (2) the indictments lacked specific details to identify the specific incidents.\u201d State v. Lawrence, 360 N.C. 368, 375, 627 S.E.2d 609, 613 (2006). The Court reached this conclusion because, in the context of indecent liberties, \u201cwhile one juror might have found some incidents of misconduct and another juror might have found different incidents of misconduct, the jury as a whole found that improper sexual conduct occurred.\u201d Id. at 374, 627 S.E.2d at 612-13. This case is materially indistinguishable from Lawrence, which requires us to hold that no lack of unanimity occurred with respect to the two indecent liberties charges.\nRegarding the three counts of first degree rape, a different analysis applies. In Lawrence, the Supreme Court concluded that even though the victim testified that she had had sexual intercourse with the defendant 32 separate times, there was no unanimity issue when \u201cthe evidence presented at trial tended to show five specific instances of statutory rape,\u201d the jury was given five separate verdict sheets for the rape offenses, the jury returned five guilty verdicts for the five counts of rape, and the jury was instructed generally as to the need for a unanimous verdict. Id. at 375, 627 S.E.2d at 613.\nIn this case, the verdict sheets included specific dates for the acts. The first and second sheets \u2014 each including a count of rape and a count of indecent liberties \u2014 specified that the acts occurred between 1 February 2001 and 1 September 2001. According to the State\u2019s evidence, those dates corresponded with the time frame in which Mitchell lived at the Trails End Apartments. The evidence at trial included detailed descriptions of only two incidents of rape that occurred at the Trails End Apartments. The third verdict sheet specified a date of occurrence of between 10 November -2002 and 25 December 2002. The evidence included a detailed description of one incident of rape that occurred during that time frame. While, as in Lawrence, Timothy\u2019s testimony and statement to the police suggested that other incidents may have occurred, the evidence and argument focused in detail upon only three specific occasions of intercourse\u2014 the same number of instances as verdict sheets. Further, a general instruction on unanimity was given to the jury. Accordingly, under Lawrence, no unanimity issue exists. This assignment of error is, therefore, overruled.\nJudge Hill\u2019s Conduct During Trial\nDefendant next argues that the trial judge\u2019s \u201cunprofessional behavior at trial denied defendant his state and federal constitutional rights to an impartial tribunal, to present a defense, and to the effective assistance of counsel.\u201d In addressing this argument, we must determine whether \u201cthe cumulative nature of the trial judge\u2019s inappropriate comments to the defense counsel . . . tainted the atmosphere of the trial to the detriment of Defendant.\u201d State v. Wright, 172 N.C. App. 464, 470, 616 S.E.2d 366, 370, aff\u2019d per curiam in part, 360 N.C. 80, 621 S.E.2d 874, disc. review denied in part, 360 N.C. 78, 624 S.E.2d 633 (2005). Phrased differently, we must assess whether the trial court \u201ccreated an impermissibly chilling effect on the trial process and most likely affected defense counsel\u2019s ability to question the remaining witnesses, thereby prejudicing Defendant.\u201d Id. at 471, 616 S.E.2d at 370.\nHere, there is no question that the trial judge inserted herself into the trial to an extraordinary degree, repeatedly sustaining her own ex mero motu objections and asking her own questions of the witnesses. Not infrequently, her objections were inconsistent with the rules of evidence, such as when she claimed incorrectly that a question necessarily called for hearsay. Further, she made various intemperate remarks suggesting impatience with defense counsel. A review of the entire transcript, however, does not reveal the same chilling effect present in Wright.\nThe trial judge\u2019s criticisms of defense counsel\u2019s questions did not, as was the case in Wright, necessarily belittle counsel. Instead, the transcript suggests that the judge was working with counsel to ensure that the questions were asked in language that a sixth grader, such as Timothy, would understand \u2014 an effort ultimately designed to advance defendant\u2019s ability to obtain appropriate responses to counsel\u2019s questions. Other interventions of the trial judge rephrased questions of defense counsel to comply with the foundational requirements for admission of evidence such as reputation testimony. The trial judge\u2019s expressions of impatience with respect to defense counsel\u2019s questions and identification of witnesses, while perhaps unnecessarily acerbic, also reflected the fact that defendant was attempting to elicit testimony that was not admissible, and counsel was making it difficult for the trial judge to project the likely time line of the trial. With respect to some remarks, whether they were inappropriate or prejudicial depends upon the nature of the inflection used \u2014 something that cannot be determined merely from the transcript. Further, the trial judge on multiple occasions vigorously defended defense counsel\u2019s competence in open court in the face of repeated attacks by defendant and his family.\nBased upon our review of the transcript, we conclude that the trial judge\u2019s conduct, although not a model of temperateness, did not reach the level of the conduct in Wright. This assignment of error, therefore, is overruled.\nDefendant\u2019s Sentence\nWith respect to defendant\u2019s sentence, we first address his argument that the trial court erred by including in its calculation of his prior record level two separate convictions received on the same day in the same county, one of which was in district court and the other in superior court. N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 15A-1340.14(d) (2005) provides as follows:\nMultiple Prior Convictions Obtained in One Court Week. \u2014 For purposes of determining the prior record level, if an offender is convicted of more than one offense in a single superior court during one calendar week, only the conviction for the offense with the highest point total is used. If an offender is convicted of more than one offense in a single session of district court, only one of the convictions is used.\n\u201cWhere the words of a statute have not acquired a technical meaning, they must be construed in accordance with their common and ordinary meaning.\u201d State v. Koberlein, 309 N.C. 601, 605, 308 S.E.2d 442, 445 (1983). The plain language of N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 15A-1340.14(d) states: Only one conviction obtained during the same calendar week in the same court may be used to calculate prior record level. The statute does not, however, prohibit the use of multiple convictions obtained in different courts in the same week. Accordingly, this assignment of error is overruled.\nFinally, we consider defendant\u2019s contention that he is entitled to a new sentencing hearing because the trial judge based defendant\u2019s sentence on improper factors and effectively punished defendant for exercising his constitutional right to a jury trial. A sentence within statutory limits is \u201cpresumed regular.\u201d State v. Boone, 293 N.C. 702, 712, 239 S.E.2d 459, 465 (1977). When, however, \u201cit can be reasonably inferred the sentence imposed on a defendant was based, even in part, on the defendant\u2019s insistence on a jury trial, the defendant is entitled to a new sentencing hearing.\u201d State v. Peterson, 154 N.C. App. 515, 517, 571 S.E.2d 883, 885 (2002) (emphasis added).\nJudge Hill\u2019s comments prior to imposing two consecutive maximum presumptive range sentences of 336 to 413 months indicate that she based the sentences in part on defendant\u2019s insistence on proceeding with a jury trial. Repeatedly, the judge emphasized that defendant, in contrast to Mitchell, had not come forward and admitted what he had done, but instead had forced his son to take the witness stand and be subjected to \u201cpainful and embarrassing questions.\u201d Further, the court made multiple references to defendant\u2019s trying to manipulate the jury and the court. While the State suggests that the trial judge based the sentences on a desire to protect other children, Judge Hill\u2019s emphasis upon the pain imposed on Timothy in requiring him to testify indicates that she was basing defendant\u2019s sentence, at least in part, on his decision to go to trial.\nWe cannot meaningfully distinguish this case from Peterson. See id. at 516-17, 571 S.E.2d at 884 (ordering new sentencing hearing when trial court stated that defendant tried to be a \u201ccon artist\u201d with the jury, that he \u201crolled the dice in a high stakes game with the jury\u201d and lost the gamble, and that the evidence of guilt was such that a rational person would never have rolled the dice by asking for a jury trial). As a result, we vacate defendant\u2019s sentence and remand for a new sentencing hearing. See also State v. Young, 166 N.C. App. 401, 412-13, 602 S.E.2d 374, 381 (2004) (ordering new sentencing hearing when trial court had indicated it would impose a mitigated sentence if defendant pled guilty prior to trial, but that a sentence would be from the presumptive range following trial), disc. review denied, 359 N.C. 326, 611 S.E.2d 851 (2005).\nNo error in part; remanded for a new sentencing hearing.\nJudges McGEE and CALABRIA concur.\n. The pseudonyms Victoria, Timothy, and David will be used throughout the opinion to protect the parties\u2019 privacy.\n. We feel compelled to point out that the brief submitted.by defendant\u2019s original appellate counsel (not counsel who orally argued this appeal), misrepresented the record in making this argument. In multiple places in the brief, counsel asserts that the trial judge rejected defendant\u2019s Alford plea because defendant would not admit that Timothy was telling the truth. These assertions are not correct. During the course of the plea colloquy, the trial judge asked defendant if he was entering into the plea of his own free will, fully understanding what he was doing. Defendant responded, T said honestly. No, ma\u2019am.\u201d The trial judge then stated, \u201cOkay. The plea is rejected. We\u2019re back in trial. . . . This isn\u2019t your free will, this isn\u2019t what you want to do, that\u2019s fine. We\u2019re not going to do it. Do you understand that?\u201d Defendant replied, \u201cYes, ma\u2019am.\u201d We perceive no basis for construing the transcript in the manner defendant\u2019s original appellate counsel did.", "type": "majority", "author": "GEER, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Attorney General Roy Cooper, by Assistant Attorney General Diane G. Miller, for the State.", "Appellate Defender Staples S. Hughes, by Assistant Appellate Defender Kelly D. Miller and Assistant Appellate Defender Daniel R. Pollitt, for defendant-appellant." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. WILLIAM EARL FULLER, Defendant\nNo. COA05-769\n(Filed 1 August 2006)\n1. Indecent Liberties\u2014 theory not charged in indictment\u2014 principal or aider and abettor\nThe trial court did not commit plain error by instructing the jury that it could convict defendant of indecent liberties under either a principal or aiding and abetting theory even though the original indictments charged him as a principal but the superseding indictments later charged him only as an aider and abettor, because: (1) allegations of aiding and abetting are not required to be in an indictment since aiding and abetting is not a substantive offense but just a theory of criminal liability; (2) the superseding indictments simply placed defendant on notice that he would have to defend as to a different theory of guilt, but not a different criminal offense; and (3) the fact that the State presented evidence tending to show that defendant committed indecent liberties as a principal as well as an aider and abettor did not mean the State offered evidence of commission of an offense not charged in the indictment.\n2. Constitutional Law\u2014 right to unanimous jury \u2014 indecent liberties \u2014 first-degree rape\nDefendant was not denied his constitutional right to a unanimous jury in a double count of indecent liberties with a child and triple count of first-degree rape of a child case by the State\u2019s presentation of evidence of a greater number of sexual acts than there were charges, and the trial court\u2019s instructions and verdict sheet failing to require the jury to unanimously agree on which specific criminal acts defendant committed before finding him guilty, because: (1) a defendant may be convicted of indecent liberties even if the juror considered a higher number of incidents of immoral or indecent behavior than the number of counts charged and the indictments lacked specific details to identify the specific incidents since while one juror may have found some incidents of misconduct and another juror might have found different incidents of misconduct, the jury as a whole found that improper sexual conduct occurred; (2) regarding the three counts of first-degree rape, while the victim\u2019s testimony and statement to the police suggested that other incidents may have occurred, the evidence and argument focused in detail upon only three specific occasions of intercourse which was the same number of instances as verdict sheets; and (3) a general instruction on unanimity was given to the jury.\n3. Judges\u2014 inappropriate comments to defense counsel \u2014 no chilling effect\nThe cumulative nature of the trial judge\u2019s inappropriate comments to defense counsel in a double count of indecent liberties with a child and triple count of first-degree rape of a child case did not taint the atmosphere of the trial to the detriment of defendant, because: (1) the trial judge\u2019s criticisms of defense counsel\u2019s questions did not necessarily belittle counsel, but instead suggested that the judge was working with counsel to ensure that the questions were asked in language that a sixth-grader such as the victim would understand, while other interventions rephrased questions of defense counsel to comply with the foundational requirements for admission of evidence such as reputation testimony; (2) the trial judge\u2019s expressions of impatience reflected the fact that defendant was attempting to elicit testimony that was not admissible and counsel was making it difficult to project the likely time line of the trial; (3) other remarks depended on the inflection used and could not be determined merely from the transcript; and (4) the trial judge on multiple occasions vigorously defended defense counsel\u2019s competence in open court in the face of repeated attacks by defendant and his family.\n4. Sentencing\u2014 prior record level \u2014 multiple convictions in same week in different courts\nThe trial court did not err in a double count of indecent liberties with a child and triple count of first-degree rape of a child case by including in its calculation of defendant\u2019s prior record level two separate convictions received on the same day in the same county (one in district court and the other in superior court), because: (1) the plain language of N.C.G.S. \u00a7 15A-1340.14(d) states that only one conviction obtained during the same calendar week in the same court may be used to calculate prior record level; and (2) the statute does not prohibit the use of multiple convictions obtained in different courts in the same week.\n5. Sentencing\u2014 improper factors \u2014 punishing defendant for exercising right to jury trial\nDefendant is entitled to a new sentencing hearing in a double count of indecent liberties with a child and triple count of first-degree rape of a child case because the trial judge based defendant\u2019s sentence on improper factors and effectively punished defendant for exercising his constitutional right to a jury trial.\nAppeal by defendant from judgments entered 20 August 2004 by Judge Evelyn W. Hill in Alamance County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 7 March 2006.\nAttorney General Roy Cooper, by Assistant Attorney General Diane G. Miller, for the State.\nAppellate Defender Staples S. Hughes, by Assistant Appellate Defender Kelly D. Miller and Assistant Appellate Defender Daniel R. Pollitt, for defendant-appellant." }, "file_name": "0061-01", "first_page_order": 93, "last_page_order": 104 }