{
  "id": 8554599,
  "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. BARBARA C. JEFFRIES",
  "name_abbreviation": "State v. Jeffries",
  "decision_date": "1973-09-26",
  "docket_number": "No. 7310SC543",
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:32:34.966448+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [
      "Chief Judge Brock and Judge Vaughn concur in the result."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. BARBARA C. JEFFRIES"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "HEDRICK, Judge.\nDefendant\u2019s two assignments of error present only the question of whether the trial judge erred in denying her motions to quash the warrant and to arrest the judgment. A motion to quash challenges the sufficiency of a bill of indictment or warrant. 4 Strong, N. C. Index 2d, Indictment and Warrant, \u00a7 14, pp. 359-60. \u201c \u2018A motion in arrest of judgment is one made after verdict and to prevent entry of judgment, and is based upon the insufficiency of the indictment or some other fatal defect appearing on the face of the record.\u2019 State v. McCollum, 216 N.C. 737, 6 S.E. 2d 503.\u201d State v. Kirby, 276 N.C. 123, 171 S.E. 2d 416 (1970).\nIn her brief defendant states that she does not contend that Section 21-49(1) of the Raleigh City Code (the ordinance under which defendant is charged) is unconstitutional. However, she does contend that \u201cthe policy, practice, and procedure carried on in the City of Raleigh for the enforcement of this parking law, as well as all others, constitutes invidious discrimination prohibited by both the North Carolina and United States Constitutions.\u201d\n\u201cWhile a motion to quash is an appropriate method of testing the sufficiency of the bill of indictment to charge a criminal offense, it lies only for a defect appearing on the face of the warrant or indictment. State v. McBane, 276 N.C. 60, 170 S.E. 2d 913 (1969); State v. Turner, 170 N.C. 701, 86 S.E. 1019 (1915). \u2018The court, in ruling on the motion, is not permitted to consider extraneous evidence. Therefore, when the defect must be established by evidence aliunde the record, the motion must be denied.\u2019 State v. Cochran, 230 N.C. 523, 53 S.E. 2d 663 (1949); State v. Bass, 280 N.C. 435, 186 S.E. 2d 384 (1972).\u201d State v. Springer, 283 N.C. 627, 197 S.E. 2d 530 (1973).\nIn State v. Underwood, 283 N.C. 154, 162, 195 S.E. 2d 489 (1973), Justice Sharp wrote:\n\u201cIf an ordinance or statute upon which a warrant or indictment is based \u2018is generally constitutional and for some circumstance peculiar to the situation of accused is unconstitutional that is a matter which is properly triable under the general issue or a plea of not guilty.\u2019 16 C.J.S. Constitutional Law \u00a7 96(b), at 344 (1956). Upon a motion to quash the judge may not hear evidence tending to show that the ordinance, valid on its face, is being enforced in a manner which deprives the defendant of his constitutional rights, find the facts, and determine the constitutional question upon his findings. In a criminal prosecution in which the defendant contests his guilt he may not \u2018waive his constitutional right of trial by jury. . . . [T] he determinative facts cannot be referred to the decision of the court even by consent \u2014 they must be found by the jury.\u2019 State v. Muse, 219 N.C. 226, 227, 13 S.E. 2d 229 (1941) (citations omitted). See also State v. Hill, 209 N.C. 53, 182 S.E. 716 (1935).\u201d\nClearly, the defendant attempted to establish by evidence aliunde the record that the ordinance was unconstitutionally applied to her by the \u201cpolicy, practice, and procedure\u201d of the Raleigh Police Department. Judge Hobgood properly disregarded such extraneous evidence in denying the motion to quash. No defect appears on the warrant or in the record proper barring this prosecution or the entry of judgment.\nAffirmed.\nChief Judge Brock and Judge Vaughn concur in the result.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "HEDRICK, Judge."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Attorney General Robert Morgan and Associate Attorney John M. Silverstein for the State.",
      "City Attorney Broxie J. Nelson and Attorney Walter Lee Horton, Jr., for the City of Raleigh, Amicus Curiae.",
      "L. Philip Covington for the defendant appellant."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. BARBARA C. JEFFRIES\nNo. 7310SC543\n(Filed 26 September 1973)\nAutomobiles \u00a7 135; Indictment and Warrant \u00a7 14 \u2014 overtime parking \u2014 motion to quash warrant \u2014 manner of enforcing ordinance\nThe trial court did not err in the denial of defendant\u2019s motion to quash a warrant charging her with parking in a metered zone beyond the legal time established for such zone where defendant did not contend that the ordinance under which she was charged was unconstitutional but attempted to establish by evidence aliunde the record that the policy, practice and procedure of the police department in enforcing the ordinance constituted invidious discrimination, since extraneous evidence may not be considered on a motion to quash.\nAppeal by defendant from Hobgood, Judge, 2 March 1973 Session of Superior Court held in Wake County.\nThe defendant, Barbara C. Jeffries, was charged in a warrant proper in form with violating Section 21-49(1) of the Raleigh City Code \u201cby causing, allowing, permitting and suffering a vehicle to be stopped, left standing and parked in a parking meter zone beyond the period of legal parking time established for such zone, the time limit for said zone being 12 minutes and the vehicle having been parked in said zone from 11:15 a.m. to 12:46 p.m. [on 18 October 1972].\u201d Before pleading to the charge, the defendant made a motion to quash \u201con the ground that the ordinance under which she was charged was unconstitutional as applied in that said application violated her rights to due process of law, and equal protection of the laws, as secured to her by North Carolina and United States Constitutions.\u201d The court denied the motion after hearing evidence on voir dire in the absence of the jury as to the practice of the Raleigh Police Department with respeet to the enforcement of the ordinances of the City regulating the parking of motor vehicles.\nThe defendant pleaded not guilty and was found guilty as charged. The defendant made a motion in arrest of judgment which was denied.\nFrom a judgment that the defendant pay a fine of $1.00 and pay the costs, the defendant appealed.\nAttorney General Robert Morgan and Associate Attorney John M. Silverstein for the State.\nCity Attorney Broxie J. Nelson and Attorney Walter Lee Horton, Jr., for the City of Raleigh, Amicus Curiae.\nL. Philip Covington for the defendant appellant."
  },
  "file_name": "0516-01",
  "first_page_order": 540,
  "last_page_order": 543
}