[
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    "name": "CHEYENNE SALEENA STARK, a Minor, CODY BRANDON STARK, a Minor, by their Guardian ad Litem, NICOLE JACOBSEN, Plaintiffs-Appellants v. FORD MOTOR COMPANY, a Delaware Corporation, Defendant-Appellee",
    "name_abbreviation": "Stark v. Ford Motor Co.",
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      {
        "cite": "362 S.E.2d 587",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 1987,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "590",
            "parenthetical": "citing Blackwood v. Blackwood, 237 N.C. 726, 76 S.E.2d 122 (1953)"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "88 N.C. App. 101",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C. App.",
        "case_ids": [
          8357844
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        "year": 1987,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "106",
            "parenthetical": "citing Blackwood v. Blackwood, 237 N.C. 726, 76 S.E.2d 122 (1953)"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0,
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          "/nc-app/88/0101-01"
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      },
      {
        "cite": "59 S.E.2d 205",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 1950,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "211"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "232 N.C. 13",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          8594789
        ],
        "year": 1950,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "20-21"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/232/0013-01"
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      },
      {
        "cite": "513 S.E.2d 789",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "weight": 9,
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        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "792",
            "parenthetical": "citing Elmore v. Austin, 232 N.C. 13, 20-21, 59 S.E.2d 205, 211 (1950). \"Like a fee, a life estate may be defeasible if its continued existence is conditional.\" Brinkley v. Day, 88 N.C. App. 101, 106, 362 S.E.2d 587, 590 (1987"
          },
          {
            "page": "792, 793"
          },
          {
            "page": "793"
          },
          {
            "page": "794"
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          {
            "page": "793"
          },
          {
            "page": "793"
          },
          {
            "page": "792"
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        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "350 N.C. 367",
        "category": "reporters:state",
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        "case_ids": [
          132035
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        "weight": 6,
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        "pin_cites": [
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            "page": "370",
            "parenthetical": "citing Elmore v. Austin, 232 N.C. 13, 20-21, 59 S.E.2d 205, 211 (1950). \"Like a fee, a life estate may be defeasible if its continued existence is conditional.\" Brinkley v. Day, 88 N.C. App. 101, 106, 362 S.E.2d 587, 590 (1987"
          },
          {
            "page": "370, 371"
          },
          {
            "page": "371-72"
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          {
            "page": "373-74"
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          {
            "page": "370"
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          {
            "page": "370"
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        ],
        "opinion_index": 0,
        "case_paths": [
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      },
      {
        "cite": "524 S.E.2d 95",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 2000,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "98"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "136 N.C. App. 420",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C. App.",
        "case_ids": [
          11240022
        ],
        "year": 2000,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "423"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0,
        "case_paths": [
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      },
      {
        "cite": "363 N.C. 124",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "year": 2009,
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "191 N.C. App. 115",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C. App.",
        "case_ids": [
          4160136
        ],
        "year": 2008,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "117",
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          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0,
        "case_paths": [
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      },
      {
        "cite": "674 S.E.2d 425",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 2009,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "427",
            "parenthetical": "citation omitted"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "507 S.E.2d 56",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 1998,
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "131 N.C. App. 242",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C. App.",
        "case_ids": [
          11198692
        ],
        "year": 1998,
        "opinion_index": 0,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc-app/131/0242-01"
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      },
      {
        "cite": "76 S.E. 272",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.",
        "year": 1912,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "272"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "160 N.C. 367",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          11271725
        ],
        "year": 1912,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "368"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/160/0367-01"
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      },
      {
        "cite": "40 S.E. 691",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.",
        "year": 1902,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "691",
            "parenthetical": "deed expressed that if the church shall \"discontinue the occupancy of said lot in manner as aforesaid, then this deed shall be null and void and the said lot or parcel of ground shall revert to [the grantor]\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "130 N.C. 8",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          11272392
        ],
        "year": 1902,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "8-9",
            "parenthetical": "deed expressed that if the church shall \"discontinue the occupancy of said lot in manner as aforesaid, then this deed shall be null and void and the said lot or parcel of ground shall revert to [the grantor]\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/130/0008-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "97 S.E. 209",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.",
        "year": 1918,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "209",
            "parenthetical": "deed indicated that \"should [grantor] die without leaving such heir or heirs, then the same is to revert back to her nearest kin\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "176 N.C. 406",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          8656074
        ],
        "year": 1918,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "407",
            "parenthetical": "deed indicated that \"should [grantor] die without leaving such heir or heirs, then the same is to revert back to her nearest kin\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/176/0406-01"
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      },
      {
        "cite": "102 S.E. 394",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.",
        "year": 1920,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "394",
            "parenthetical": "deed contained provision that \"in case the said James H. Pugh should die without an heir the following gift shall revert to the sole use and benefit of my son\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "179 N.C. 307",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          8655802
        ],
        "year": 1920,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "308",
            "parenthetical": "deed contained provision that \"in case the said James H. Pugh should die without an heir the following gift shall revert to the sole use and benefit of my son\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/179/0307-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "178 S.E.2d 601",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 1971,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "603",
            "parenthetical": "habendum clause contained language that \"upon condition that whenever the said property shall cease to be used as a park..., then the same shall revert to the party of the first part\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "278 N.C. 26",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          8559585
        ],
        "year": 1971,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "28",
            "parenthetical": "habendum clause contained language that \"upon condition that whenever the said property shall cease to be used as a park..., then the same shall revert to the party of the first part\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/278/0026-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "186 S.E.2d 378",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 1972,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "380",
            "parenthetical": "habendum clause contained condition that if the grantee failed to continuously and perpetually use the property as a Highway Patrol Radio Station and Patrol Headquarters, the land \"shall revert to, and title shall vest in the Grantor\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "280 N.C. 471",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          8572571
        ],
        "year": 1972,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "472",
            "parenthetical": "habendum clause contained condition that if the grantee failed to continuously and perpetually use the property as a Highway Patrol Radio Station and Patrol Headquarters, the land \"shall revert to, and title shall vest in the Grantor\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/280/0471-01"
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      },
      {
        "cite": "130 S.E. 18",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.",
        "year": 1925,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "19-20",
            "parenthetical": "granting clause and habendum clause both indicated that the property was \"to be used for the purposes of education\" only; held to be an estate in fee simple because there was \"no clause of re-entry; no forfeiture of the estate upon condition broken\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "190 N.C. 326",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          8601685
        ],
        "year": 1925,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "328-29",
            "parenthetical": "granting clause and habendum clause both indicated that the property was \"to be used for the purposes of education\" only; held to be an estate in fee simple because there was \"no clause of re-entry; no forfeiture of the estate upon condition broken\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/190/0326-01"
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      },
      {
        "cite": "1 S.E.2d 845",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 1939,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "846",
            "parenthetical": "deed conveyed property \"for the exclusive use of the Polenta Male and Female Academy; it shall be used exclusively for school purposes\"; held to have conveyed a fee simple \"for the reason that nowhere in the deed is there a reverter or reentry clause\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "215 N.C. 298",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          8629406
        ],
        "year": 1939,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "300-01",
            "parenthetical": "deed conveyed property \"for the exclusive use of the Polenta Male and Female Academy; it shall be used exclusively for school purposes\"; held to have conveyed a fee simple \"for the reason that nowhere in the deed is there a reverter or reentry clause\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/215/0298-01"
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      },
      {
        "cite": "53 S.E.2d 656",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 1949,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "658"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "230 N.C. 526",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          8630924
        ],
        "year": 1949,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "529-30"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/230/0526-01"
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      },
      {
        "cite": "60 S.E. 507",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.",
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 1908,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "508"
          },
          {
            "page": "508",
            "parenthetical": "recitals that the grantor was to improve the property did not create an estate upon condition since there was an absence of an express reservation in the deed of a right of reentry"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "146 N.C. 578",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          11272065
        ],
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 1908,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "580-81"
          },
          {
            "page": "580-81"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
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      },
      {
        "cite": "157 S.E. 438",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.",
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 1931,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "440"
          },
          {
            "page": "438-39, 440"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "200 N.C. 469",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          8623211
        ],
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 1931,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "473"
          },
          {
            "page": "470-71, 473"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/200/0469-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "71 S.E.2d 19",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 1952,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "20"
          },
          {
            "page": "20",
            "parenthetical": "habendum clause contained the language \"for church purposes only\"; nevertheless held to be an indefeasible fee since there was \"no language which provides for a reversion of the property to the grantors or any other person in case it ceases to be used as church property\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "235 N.C. 506",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          8625710
        ],
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 1952,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "508"
          },
          {
            "page": "508"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/235/0506-01"
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      },
      {
        "cite": "195 S.E. 793",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.",
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 1938,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "796"
          },
          {
            "parenthetical": "citations omitted"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "213 N.C. 282",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          8627738
        ],
        "year": 1938,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "287"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/213/0282-01"
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      },
      {
        "cite": "366 S.E.2d 608",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 1988,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "610"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "89 N.C. App. 558",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C. App.",
        "case_ids": [
          8523838
        ],
        "year": 1988,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "559"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc-app/89/0558-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "100 L. Ed. 851",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "L. Ed.",
        "year": 1956,
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "350 U.S. 983",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "U.S.",
        "case_ids": [
          12095297,
          12095138,
          12095214,
          12095184,
          12095261,
          12095326
        ],
        "year": 1956,
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/us/350/0983-05",
          "/us/350/0983-01",
          "/us/350/0983-03",
          "/us/350/0983-02",
          "/us/350/0983-04",
          "/us/350/0983-06"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "88 S.E.2d 114",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 1955,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "117",
            "parenthetical": "deed indicated that in the event the lands were not used solely for parks and playgrounds, the \"said lands shall revert in fee simple to the undersigned donors\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "242 N.C. 311",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          8614496
        ],
        "year": 1955,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "313",
            "parenthetical": "deed indicated that in the event the lands were not used solely for parks and playgrounds, the \"said lands shall revert in fee simple to the undersigned donors\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/242/0311-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "128 S.E.2d 806",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 1963,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "807",
            "parenthetical": "deed contained paragraph providing, \"It is also made a part of this deed that in the event of the school's disabandonment (failure) . . . this lot of land shall revert to the original owners\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "258 N.C. 460",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          8561153
        ],
        "year": 1963,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "461",
            "parenthetical": "deed contained paragraph providing, \"It is also made a part of this deed that in the event of the school's disabandonment (failure) . . . this lot of land shall revert to the original owners\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/258/0460-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "94 S.E.2d 661",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 1956,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "662, 663",
            "parenthetical": "habendum clause contained expression of intended purpose- \"for school purposes\"; held fee simple because no power of termination or right of reentry was expressed"
          },
          {
            "page": "664",
            "parenthetical": "stating that the law does not favor restrictions on the title to land; therefore, the intention of the party to create a condition subsequent must be clearly manifested through the language of the instrument"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "244 N.C. 576",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          2219576
        ],
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 1956,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "577, 578"
          },
          {
            "parenthetical": "stating that the law does not favor restrictions on the title to land; therefore, the intention of the party to create a condition subsequent must be clearly manifested through the language of the instrument"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/244/0576-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "513 S.E.2d 789",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "weight": 6,
        "year": 1999,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "792",
            "parenthetical": "quoting Ange v. Ange, 235 N.C. 506, 508, 71 S.E.2d 19, 20 (1952); see also Church v. Refining Co., 200 N.C. 469, 473, 157 S.E. 438, 440 (1931); Braddy v. Elliott, 146 N.C. 578, 580-81, 60 S.E. 507, 508 (1908"
          },
          {
            "page": "792"
          },
          {
            "page": "792-93"
          },
          {
            "page": "793"
          },
          {
            "page": "793"
          },
          {
            "page": "792-93"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "350 N.C. 367",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          132035
        ],
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 1999,
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