{ "id": 4181387, "name": "TIMOTHY G. McCORKLE, Plaintiff v. NORTH POINT CHRYSLER JEEP, INC., Defendant and Third-Party Plaintiff v. LANDMARK BUILDERS OF THE TRIAD, INC., and C.W. ROBEY PAINT CO., INC., Third-Party Defendants", "name_abbreviation": "McCorkle v. North Point Chrysler Jeep, Inc.", "decision_date": "2010-12-21", "docket_number": "No. COA10-378", "first_page": "711", "last_page": "717", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "208 N.C. App. 711" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "168 A.2d 412", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "A.2d", "year": 1961, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "417" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "66 N.J. Super. 64", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.J. Super.", "case_ids": [ 506741 ], "year": 1961, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "75-76" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nj-super/66/0064-01" ] }, { "cite": "88 S.E. 874", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "171 N.C. 672", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 11271762 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/171/0672-01" ] }, { "cite": "407 S.E.2d 222", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "235", "parenthetical": "\"[T]his Court has held as a matter of law that certain activities resulting in injury are not inherently dangerous. These activities include . . . building construction. Vogh v. F.C. Geer Co., 171 N.C. 672, 88 S.E. 874.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "329 N.C. 330", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2553288 ], "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "353", "parenthetical": "\"[T]his Court has held as a matter of law that certain activities resulting in injury are not inherently dangerous. These activities include . . . building construction. Vogh v. F.C. Geer Co., 171 N.C. 672, 88 S.E. 874.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/329/0330-01" ] }, { "cite": "76 S.E.2d 45", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1953, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "46-47" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "237 N.C. 738", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8619060 ], "year": 1953, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "741" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/237/0738-01" ] }, { "cite": "533 S.E.2d 467", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1999, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "350 N.C. 108", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 132282, 131930, 132234, 132199 ], "year": 1999, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/350/0108-02", "/nc/350/0108-04", "/nc/350/0108-03", "/nc/350/0108-01" ] }, { "cite": "507 S.E.2d 882", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1998, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "349 N.C. 615", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 571622 ], "year": 1998, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/349/0615-01" ] }, { "cite": "991 S.W.2d 737", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "case_ids": [ 11614386 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1999, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "743" }, { "page": "743", "parenthetical": "noting that \"the duty will not shift to the independent contractor if the landowner controls either the physical activities of the employees of the independent contractor or the details of the manner in which the work is done\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/sw2d/991/0737-01" ] }, { "cite": "289 N.J. Super. 309", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.J. Super.", "case_ids": [ 755640 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "317-18" }, { "page": "851" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nj-super/289/0309-01" ] }, { "cite": "718 P.2d 890", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.2d", "case_ids": [ 10413701 ], "weight": 4, "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "894", "parenthetical": "holding that although generally an independent contractor is an invitee of a premises owner, \"[a]n owner is not obligated to protect the employees of an independent contractor from hazards which are incidental to, or part of, the very work the contractor was hired to perform\"" }, { "page": "894", "parenthetical": "\"Because the exception is based on the owner's delegation of control to the contractor, it should not apply when the owner maintains control over the hazard that causes the harm.\"" }, { "page": "895" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/p2d/718/0890-01" ] }, { "cite": "413 S.E.2d 922", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 5, "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "926" }, { "page": "924" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "105 N.C. App. 509", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8524060 ], "year": 1992, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/105/0509-01" ] }, { "cite": "541 S.E.2d 148", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1999, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "351 N.C. 107", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 1155749, 1155941, 1155819, 1155794, 1155923 ], "year": 1999, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/351/0107-05", "/nc/351/0107-04", "/nc/351/0107-01", "/nc/351/0107-02", "/nc/351/0107-03" ] }, { "cite": "184 S.E. 496", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "year": 1936, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "499" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "209 N.C. 591", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2221343 ], "year": 1936, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "596" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/209/0591-01" ] }, { "cite": "516 S.E.2d 643", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "645-46" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "134 N.C. App. 158", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 11143479 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "161" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/134/0158-01" ] }, { "cite": "367 S.E.2d 921", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1988, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "322 N.C. 115", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2515232, 2513895, 2515211, 2516050, 2513109 ], "year": 1988, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/322/0115-04", "/nc/322/0115-03", "/nc/322/0115-02", "/nc/322/0115-01", "/nc/322/0115-05" ] }, { "cite": "38 S.E.2d 561", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1946, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "564-65" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "226 N.C. 433", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8620996 ], "year": 1946, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "438" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/226/0433-01" ] }, { "cite": "362 S.E.2d 591", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "593", "parenthetical": "emphasis in original" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "88 N.C. App. 76", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8357796 ], "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "80", "parenthetical": "emphasis in original" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/88/0076-01" ] }, { "cite": "379 S.E.2d 241", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "noting that \"both the general contractor and the owner of the premises owe to the subcontractor and its employees the duty of ordinary care\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "324 N.C. 433", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2486400, 2484576, 2488423, 2488682, 2487325 ], "year": 1989, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/324/0433-01", "/nc/324/0433-04", "/nc/324/0433-02", "/nc/324/0433-05", "/nc/324/0433-03" ] }, { "cite": "141 S.E.2d 808", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1965, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "264 N.C. 387", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8573458 ], "year": 1965, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/264/0387-01" ] }, { "cite": "374 S.E.2d 443", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "445", "parenthetical": "citing Spivey v. Wilcox Co., 264 N.C. 387, 141 S.E.2d 808 (1965)" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "92 N.C. App. 327", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8526870 ], "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "329", "parenthetical": "citing Spivey v. Wilcox Co., 264 N.C. 387, 141 S.E.2d 808 (1965)" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/92/0327-01" ] }, { "cite": "694 S.E.2d 390", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2010, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "363 N.C. 855", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "year": 2010, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "689 S.E.2d 535", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 780, "char_count": 15842, "ocr_confidence": 0.733, "pagerank": { "raw": 4.03580807328026e-08, "percentile": 0.13738600204104565 }, "sha256": "b987f64d15affecbfdcb214480cbfc9f2391c2587ef11042433dee5e082dfdac", "simhash": "1:59cd542280aef8f8", "word_count": 2521 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:19:36.775795+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Chief Judge MARTIN and Judge STROUD concur." ], "parties": [ "TIMOTHY G. McCORKLE, Plaintiff v. NORTH POINT CHRYSLER JEEP, INC., Defendant and Third-Party Plaintiff v. LANDMARK BUILDERS OF THE TRIAD, INC., and C.W. ROBEY PAINT CO., INC., Third-Party Defendants" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "STEPHENS, Judge.\nFacts\nIn April 2006, Defendant North Point Chrysler Jeep, Inc., a car dealership in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, entered into a contract with Third-Party Defendant Landmark Builder of the Triad, Inc. (\u201cLandmark\u201d), whereby Landmark would serve as general contractor for construction of a new building on Defendant\u2019s property. The new building was to be connected to the dealership\u2019s existing service bay, which remained in use during the construction and was separated from the construction area by a temporary wall. Pursuant to the contract terms, Landmark was entirely responsible for the new building\u2019s construction, including job site safety and the supervision of any subcontractors needed to carry out the construction project.\nIn its role as general contractor, Landmark hired Third-Party Defendant C.W. Robey Painting & Decorating Co., Inc. (\u201cRobey\u201d) as a painting subcontractor; Plaintiff was employed by Robey as a painter and worked on the dealership construction project.\nAccording to Plaintiff\u2019s deposition, in early January 2007, soon after Plaintiff began working on the dealership project, Plaintiff was walking down a stairway in the newly constructed building when a handrail broke; Plaintiff stumbled and twisted his back. The broken handrail that caused Plaintiff\u2019s injury was installed by the fabricator who supplied the handrail to Landmark. In discovery, Landmark stated that the railing was temporary and was supported by a temporary brace welded to the handrail.\nOn 25 February 2009, Plaintiff filed a complaint in Guilford County Superior Court, alleging that Defendant was negligent in failing to keep the construction site \u201cin reasonably safe condition.\u201d Defendant filed its answer in May 2009, and, in June 2009, filed a third-party complaint against both Landmark and Robey.\nFollowing discovery, Defendant filed its 13 January 2010 motion for summary judgment on Plaintiffs claim. On 9 February 2010, Judge Wilson granted Defendant\u2019s motion and dismissed Plaintiffs claim against Defendant with prejudice. Plaintiff filed his notice of appeal on 18 February 2010.\nDiscussion\nIn a negligence action, to survive a motion for summary judgment, plaintiff must establish a prima facie case by showing: \u201c(1) that defendant failed to exercise proper care in the performance of a duty owed plaintiff; (2) the negligent breach of that duty was a proximate cause of plaintiff\u2019s injury; and (3) a person of ordinary prudence should have foreseen that plaintiff\u2019s injury was probable under the circumstances.\u201d Pike v. D.A. Fiore Constr. Servs., Inc., - N.C. App. \u2014, \u2014, 689 S.E.2d 535, 537 9) (internal quotation marks omitted), disc. review denied, dismissed as moot, 363 N.C. 855, 694 S.E.2d 390 (2010). The determinative issue in this appeal is whether Defendant breached a duty owed to Plaintiff.\nIn his complaint, Plaintiff does not seek to hold Defendant vicariously liable for any breach by Landmark or Robey. Rather, Plaintiff seeks to hold Defendant liable for its own negligence in allegedly breaching its duty of reasonable care, which Plaintiff asserts that Defendant owed to Plaintiff based on Defendant\u2019s status as a landowner and Plaintiff\u2019s status as a lawful visitor.\nIt is well settled in North Carolina that an independent contractor and his employees who go upon the premises of an owner, at the owner\u2019s request, are lawful visitors and are owed a duty of due care. Langley v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., 92 N.C. App. 327, 329, 374 S.E.2d 443, 445 (1988) (citing Spivey v. Wilcox Co., 264 N.C. 387, 141 S.E.2d 808 (1965)), disc. review denied, 324 N.C. 433, 379 S.E.2d 241 (1989). Further, a subcontractor is considered a lawful visitor, and thus is owed the duty of reasonable care, with respect to both a general contractor and the landowner. Id. (noting that \u201cboth the general contractor and the owner of the premises owe to the subcontractor and its employees the duty of ordinary care\u201d).\nThe duty of due care includes \u201c \u2018the obligation to exercise ordinary care to furnish reasonable protection against the consequences of hidden dangers known, or which ought to be known, to the proprietor and not to the contractor or his servants.\u2019\u201d Wellmon v. Hickory Constr. Co., 88 N.C. App. 76, 80, 362 S.E.2d 591, 593 (1987) (emphasis in original) (quoting Deaton v. Bd. of Trustees of Elon College, 226 N.C. 433, 438, 38 S.E.2d 561, 564-65 (1946)), disc. review denied, 322 N.C. 115, 367 S.E.2d 921 (1988). This duty also requires a landowner, as well as a general contractor, to make a reasonable inspection to ascertain the existence of hidden dangers. Lorinovich v. KMart Corp., 134 N.C. App. 158, 161, 516 S.E.2d 643, 645-46 (citing Williams v. Stores Co., 209 N.C. 591, 596, 184 S.E. 496, 499 (1936)), cert. denied, 351 N.C. 107, 541 S.E.2d 148 (1999).\nWhile Plaintiff argues that Defendant, as a landowner, owed to Plaintiff the duty of reasonable care, which includes the duty to make a reasonable inspection of the construction site, Defendant responds that its duty as landowner did not extend to the work undertaken by independent contractors such that Defendant had no duty to inspect the construction site. In support of this argument, Defendant cites Cook v. Morrison, 105 N.C. App. 509, 413 S.E.2d 922 (1992), for its holding that \u201c[the] general rules on the tort liability of owners and occupiers of land to [independent contractors] ... do not apply to the actual work undertaken by independent contractors and their employees.\u201d Id. at 515, 413 S.E.2d at 926.\nIn Cook, plaintiff-executrix sued defendant-landowner for the wrongful death of plaintiff\u2019s husband, an independent contractor with respect to defendant who was killed on defendant\u2019s land while working in a trench that collapsed. Id. at 512, 413 S.E.2d at 924. Regarding plaintiffs allegation of defendant\u2019s negligence based on the theory of breach of duty to an invitee, this Court held that an owner or occupier of land who hires an independent contractor is not required to take reasonable precautions against \u201cdangers which may be incident to the work undertaken by the independent contractor.\u201d Id. at 515, 413 S.E.2d at 926 (citing 62 Am. Jur. 2d Premises Liability \u00a7 457 (1990)). Accordingly, whether the duty of reasonable care applies depends on whether or not the danger at issue may be categorized as \u201cincident to the work undertaken\u201d by the independent contractor. Id.\nIn determining whether the \u201cincident to the work undertaken\u201d exception should apply in this case, it is helpful to understand the reason and purpose for creating and applying such an exception. This caveat that liability of owners and occupiers of land does not extend to the actual work undertaken by independent contractors and their employees has been recognized and accepted by numerous other jurisdictions, as well as by scholars. See Jones v. Chevron U.S.A., Inc., 718 P.2d 890, 894 (Wyo. 1986) (holding that although generally an independent contractor is an invitee of a premises owner, \u201c[a]n owner is not obligated to protect the employees of an independent contractor from hazards which are incidental to, or part of, the very work the contractor was hired to perform\u201d); Dawson v. Bunker Hill Plaza Assocs., 289 N.J. Super. 309, 317-18, 673 A.2d 847, 851 (App. Div. 1996) (noting that although, \u201c[a]s a general rule, a landowner has a non-delegable duty to use reasonable care to protect invitees against known or reasonably discoverable dangers[,]... an owner is not responsible for harm which occurs to an employee as a result of the very work which the employee was hired to perform\u201d); Smart v. Chrysler Corp., 991 S.W.2d 737, 743 (Mo. Ct. App. 1999) (noting the exception to the rule that \u201c[a]n employee of an independent contractor who has permission to use a landowner\u2019s premises is [] an invitee\u201d that is created when a landowner \u201crelinquishes possession and control of the premises to an independent contractor during a period of construction\u201d); see also 13 Am. Jur. 2d Building and Construction Contracts \u00a7 136 (2010).\nThe oft-stated reason for the exception is that if a landowner relinquishes control and possession of property to a contractor, the duty of care, and the concomitant liability for breach of that duty, are also relinquished and should shift to the independent contractor who is exercising control and possession. Jones, 718 P.2d at 895 (citing an owner\u2019s \u201clack of control over the job site\u201d as the reason for the exception); 13 Am. Jur. 2d Building and Construction Contracts \u00a7 136 (\u201cWhen a landowner relinquishes the possession and control of the premises to an independent contractor during the period of construction, the independent contractor rather than the landowner, is the possessor of the land and the duty to use reasonable and ordinary care to prevent injury shifts to the independent contractor.\u201d). However, the reasoning for the exception, and thus the exception itself, extends only as far as the independent contractor, and not the landowner, is in control of the hazard or danger. Jones, 718 P.2d at 894 (\u201cBecause the exception is based on the owner\u2019s delegation of control to the contractor, it should not apply when the owner maintains control over the hazard that causes the harm.\u201d); Smart, 991 S.W.2d at 743 (noting that \u201cthe duty will not shift to the independent contractor if the landowner controls either the physical activities of the employees of the independent contractor or the details of the manner in which the work is done\u201d).\nIn this case, Defendant contracted with Landmark so that possession and control of the construction site were vested solely with Landmark. Under the terms of the contract, Landmark was to \u201csupervise and direct the [w]ork, using [Landmark\u2019s] best skill and attention.\u201d Landmark was \u201csolely responsible for and [had] control over construction means, methods, techniques, sequences and procedures and for coordinating all portions of the [w]ork under the Contract^ ]\u201d Landmark was further charged with responsibility for \u201cinspection of portions of [w]ork already performed to determine that such portions are in proper condition to receive subsequent [w]ork.\u201d\nWith respect to safety, Landmark was responsible \u201cfor initiating, maintaining and supervising all safety precautions and programs in connection with the performance of the [c]ontract.\u201d Further, Landmark was to \u201ctake reasonable precautions for safety of, and [] provide reasonable protection to prevent damage, injury or loss to\u201d \u201cemployees .. . and other persons who may be affected thereby\u201d and to \u201cthe [w]ork and materials and equipment to be incorporated therein, whether in storage on or off the site, under care, custody or control of [Landmark] or [Landmark\u2019s] [subcontractors or [s]ub-subcontractors[. ] \u201d\nBased on the foregoing, it is clear that, contractually, Landmark was in control of the construction site. Further, the only evidence presented by Plaintiff to indicate that Defendant actually exercised any control over the construction was in Plaintiffs affidavit, in which Plaintiff stated that, at sometime before the accident, he observed a person, who was reportedly an executive of Defendant, on the stairway on which Plaintiff was injured. However, the mere fact that an employee of Defendant visited or toured the construction site is insufficient to show that Defendant retained any control of the construction site. Accordingly, we conclude that Defendant was not in possession and control of the construction site such that it would be improvident to impose the duty of reasonable care and inspection on Defendant. Were we to impose this duty on Defendant based on nothing more than Defendant\u2019s status as passive owner of the premises, regardless of Defendant\u2019s possession or control of the property, we would impose upon all landowners \u2014 from those who endeavor to have built a swingset, to those who endeavor to have built a skyscraper \u2014 the duty to make a reasonable inspection for hidden dangers on a construction site at all stages in the construction process, even where the landowner has contracted with a party possessed of superior knowledge, experience, and skill, as here. For obvious reasons, we decline to impose such a duty.\nAccordingly, we hold that the duty of reasonable care, initially borne by Defendant as owner and possessor of the construction site premises, had been shifted away from Defendant at the time of Plaintiff\u2019s accident such that Defendant was not required to inspect the construction site for hidden dangers. We thus conclude that Defendant did not owe a duty of reasonable care to Plaintiff and that summary judgment was properly entered for Defendant.\nThe judgment of the trial court is\nAFFIRMED.\nChief Judge MARTIN and Judge STROUD concur.\n. In the contract between Landmark and Robey, Robey\u2019s full name is \u201cC.W. Robey Painting & Decorating Co., Inc.\u201d However, in the caption of Judge Wilson\u2019s order, as well as in the captions for nearly all other filings in the action, Robey\u2019s name is \u201cC.W. Robey Paint Co., Inc.\u201d\n. We note that these cases were decided prior to Nelson v. Freeland, 349 N.C. 615, 507 S.E.2d 882 (1998), reh\u2019g denied, 350 N.C. 108, 533 S.E.2d 467 (1999), and applied the now-defunct tripartite visitor distinction. However, because independent contractors, as invitees/lawful visitors, are afforded the same standard of care post-Nelson as they were pre-Nelson, i.e., ordinary care, we conclude that the explications of the standard of care from these cases are still relevant.\n. Cook holds that this exception will not apply to work undertaken by an independent contractor that is \u201cinherently dangerous.\u201d Although the \u201cinherently dangerous\u201d analysis may apply to premises liability, Cook\u2019s application of this analysis is paraphrased from Brown v. Texas Co., 237 N.C. 738, 741, 76 S.E.2d 45, 46-47 (1953), which is a case dealing with master-servant liability and the independent contractor exception, and not with premises liability. Regardless, painting and construction are not inherently dangerous; thus, the analysis is irrelevant here. See Woodson v. Rowland, 329 N.C. 330, 353, 407 S.E.2d 222, 235 (1991) (\u201c[T]his Court has held as a matter of law that certain activities resulting in injury are not inherently dangerous. These activities include . . . building construction. Vogh v. F.C. Geer Co., 171 N.C. 672, 88 S.E. 874.\u201d).\n. The reason for the exception has also been stated in terms of assumption of the risk. See Wolczak v. Nat\u2019l Elec. Prod. Corp., 66 N.J. Super. 64, 75-76, 168 A.2d 412, 417 (App. Div. 1961); but see Jones, 718 P.2d 890, 895 (\u201cBut the assumption-of-risk rationale does not apply very well when a contractor\u2019s employee, rather than the contractor, is injured. ... He [(the contractor\u2019s employee)] does not voluntarily assume the risks of the job site.\u201d)", "type": "majority", "author": "STEPHENS, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Ward Black Law, by S. Camille Payton, for Plaintiff", "Hill Evans Jordan & Beatty, PLLC, by Benjamin D. Ridings, for Defendant." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "TIMOTHY G. McCORKLE, Plaintiff v. NORTH POINT CHRYSLER JEEP, INC., Defendant and Third-Party Plaintiff v. LANDMARK BUILDERS OF THE TRIAD, INC., and C.W. ROBEY PAINT CO., INC., Third-Party Defendants\nNo. COA10-378\n(Filed 21 December 2010)\nNegligence\u2014 duty of reasonable care \u2014 owner of construction site \u2014 shifted to contractor \u2014 hidden dangers\nThe trial court did not err in granting summary judgment in favor of defendant in a negligence action. The duty of reasonable care, initially borne by defendant as owner and possessor of the construction site premises, had been shifted away from defendant at the time of plaintiff\u2019s accident such that defendant was not required to inspect the construction site for hidden dangers.\nAppeal by Plaintiff from order entered 9 February 2010 by Judge Edwin G. Wilson in Guilford County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 26 October 2010.\nWard Black Law, by S. Camille Payton, for Plaintiff\nHill Evans Jordan & Beatty, PLLC, by Benjamin D. Ridings, for Defendant." }, "file_name": "0711-01", "first_page_order": 735, "last_page_order": 741 }