{ "id": 3805830, "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. PHILLIP ANTOINE WOMACK", "name_abbreviation": "State v. Womack", "decision_date": "2011-04-19", "docket_number": "No. COA10 1184", "first_page": "309", "last_page": "320", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "211 N.C. App. 309" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "315 N.C. 175", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4716847 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/nc/315/0175-01" ] }, { "cite": "123 S. Ct. 184", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "S. Ct.", "year": 2002, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "154 L. Ed. 2d 73", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "year": 2002, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "537 U.S. 846", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 9215040, 9214883, 9215012, 9215077, 9215139, 9214908, 9214827, 9214860, 9215115, 9214990, 9214960, 9214932, 9214811, 9214844 ], "year": 2002, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/537/0846-11", "/us/537/0846-05", "/us/537/0846-10", "/us/537/0846-12", "/us/537/0846-14", "/us/537/0846-06", "/us/537/0846-02", "/us/537/0846-04", "/us/537/0846-13", "/us/537/0846-09", "/us/537/0846-08", "/us/537/0846-07", "/us/537/0846-01", "/us/537/0846-03" ] }, { "cite": "116 S. Ct. 1694", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "S. Ct.", "year": 1996, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "134 L. Ed. 2d 794", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "year": 1996, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "517 U.S. 1197", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 11825312, 11825025, 11825060, 11824901, 11825095, 11825259, 11824846, 11824943, 11825136, 11824784, 11824979, 11825363, 11824728, 11825210 ], "year": 1996, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/517/1197-13", "/us/517/1197-07", "/us/517/1197-08", "/us/517/1197-04", "/us/517/1197-09", "/us/517/1197-12", "/us/517/1197-03", "/us/517/1197-05", "/us/517/1197-10", "/us/517/1197-02", "/us/517/1197-06", "/us/517/1197-14", "/us/517/1197-01", "/us/517/1197-11" ] }, { "cite": "463 S.E.2d 738", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "768", "parenthetical": "stating that \"Harbison applies only to the guilt/innocence phase of a trial\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "342 N.C. 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 796135 ], "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "57", "parenthetical": "stating that \"Harbison applies only to the guilt/innocence phase of a trial\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/342/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "117 S. Ct. 778", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "S. Ct.", "year": 1997, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "136 L. Ed. 2d 722", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "year": 1997, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "519 U.S. 1096", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 11764416, 11764931, 11764291, 11764867, 11764645, 11764584, 11764234, 11764714, 11764527, 11764465, 11765013, 11764792, 11764348 ], "year": 1997, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/519/1096-04", "/us/519/1096-12", "/us/519/1096-02", "/us/519/1096-11", "/us/519/1096-08", "/us/519/1096-07", "/us/519/1096-01", "/us/519/1096-09", "/us/519/1096-06", "/us/519/1096-05", "/us/519/1096-13", "/us/519/1096-10", "/us/519/1096-03" ] }, { "cite": "473 S.E.2d 327", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "340" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "343 N.C. 699", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 798837 ], "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "723" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/343/0699-01" ] }, { "cite": "555 S.E.2d 534", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 2001, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "550", "parenthetical": "citing State v. Boyd, 343 N.C. 699, 723, 473 S.E.2d 327, 340 (1996), cert. denied, 519 U.S. 1096, 136 L. Ed. 2d 722, 117 S. Ct. 778 (1997)" }, { "page": "550" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "354 N.C. 455", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 138528 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2001, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "481-82", "parenthetical": "citing State v. Boyd, 343 N.C. 699, 723, 473 S.E.2d 327, 340 (1996), cert. denied, 519 U.S. 1096, 136 L. Ed. 2d 722, 117 S. Ct. 778 (1997)" }, { "page": "482" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/354/0455-01" ] }, { "cite": "350 S.E.2d 334", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "346" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "318 N.C. 512", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4740241 ], "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "533" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/318/0512-01" ] }, { "cite": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-7.6", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "N.C. Gen. Stat.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "233 S.E.2d 585", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "588" }, { "page": "588" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "292 N.C. 431", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8569971 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "435" }, { "page": "435" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/292/0431-01" ] }, { "cite": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-7.1", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "N.C. Gen. Stat.", "weight": 4, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "106 S. Ct. 1992", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "S. Ct.", "year": 1986, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "90 L. Ed. 2d 672", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "year": 1986, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "476 U.S. 1123", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 12995, 12899, 12492, 12429, 13010, 12883, 12756, 12661, 13047, 12568, 13049, 12828, 12351 ], "year": 1986, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/476/1123-12", "/us/476/1123-01", "/us/476/1123-10", "/us/476/1123-08", "/us/476/1123-13", "/us/476/1123-11", "/us/476/1123-03", "/us/476/1123-07", "/us/476/1123-02", "/us/476/1123-06", "/us/476/1123-05", "/us/476/1123-09", "/us/476/1123-04" ] }, { "cite": "337 S.E.2d 504", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1985, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "506-07" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "122 S. Ct. 2332", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "S. Ct.", "year": 2002, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "153 L. Ed. 2d 162", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "year": 2002, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "535 U.S. 1114", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 354625, 353731, 354760, 353448, 352172, 354576, 355188, 353749, 351828, 354680, 354745, 352827, 353947, 354297 ], "year": 2002, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/535/1114-11", "/us/535/1114-05", "/us/535/1114-06", "/us/535/1114-02", "/us/535/1114-09", "/us/535/1114-03", "/us/535/1114-10", "/us/535/1114-08", "/us/535/1114-07", "/us/535/1114-13", "/us/535/1114-04", "/us/535/1114-14", "/us/535/1114-12", "/us/535/1114-01" ] }, { "cite": "557 S.E.2d 500", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 2001, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "524" }, { "page": "525" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "354 N.C. 131", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 138455 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2001, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "166" }, { "page": "167" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/354/0131-01" ] }, { "cite": "466 U.S. 668", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6204802 ], "weight": 12, "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "687-88" }, { "page": "693" }, { "page": "2064" }, { "page": "689" }, { "page": "2065" }, { "page": "690" }, { "page": "2066" }, { "page": "694" }, { "page": "2068" }, { "page": "697" }, { "page": "699" }, { "page": "2069" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/466/0668-01" ] }, { "cite": "696 S.E.2d 724", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 2010, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "733", "parenthetical": "quoting Strickland. v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687-88, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674, 693, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 2064 (1984)" }, { "page": "733" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "315 N.C. 175", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4716847 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/315/0175-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 1085, "char_count": 25798, "ocr_confidence": 0.743, "pagerank": { "raw": 4.03580807328026e-08, "percentile": 0.11291121605931466 }, "sha256": "e3cd154e0879643ac707f8d05cc14f56b2a00307e6e0d91f3bde6a41ea7929d7", "simhash": "1:a369742a5687245e", "word_count": 4214 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:31:50.212435+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Judges ROBERT C. HUNTER and STEPHENS concur." ], "parties": [ "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. PHILLIP ANTOINE WOMACK" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "ERVIN, Judge.\nDefendant Phillip Antoine Womack appeals from a judgment sentencing him to a minimum term of 107 months and a maximum term of 138 months imprisonment in the custody of the North Carolina Department of Correction based on jury verdicts convicting him of possession of methylenedioxymethamphetamine and having attained the status of an habitual felon. On appeal, Defendant contends that he received ineffective assistance of counsel at the proceeding held for the purpose of determining whether he had attained habitual felon status and during the sentencing hearing based on comments made by his trial counsel. After careful consideration of Defendant\u2019s challenges to the trial court\u2019s judgment in light of the record and the applicable law, we conclude that no error occurred during the proceedings leading to the entry of the trial court\u2019s judgment.\nI. Factual Background\nA. Substantive Facts\n1. State\u2019s Evidence\nOfficer Adam Deal has been an officer with the Greensboro Police Department since 2004. Officer Deal initially encountered Defendant while on routine patrol during the pre-dawn hours on 11 May 2008, at which time he was responding to an anonymous report that shots had been fired at an apartment complex. Upon arriving at the complex, Officer Deal observed Defendant, who was irate and yelling, outside of Apartment K. After identifying himself, Officer Deal performed a pat down of Defendant and obtained Defendant\u2019s identification card. Officer Deal did not find any weapons on Defendant.\nDefendant told Officer Deal that he had heard shots fired near the parking lot and was afraid that someone was shooting at him. In addition, Defendant warned Officer Deal to \u201cwatch out\u201d for the person who drove a gray or silver Pontiac that was parked next to Apartment K. At the conclusion of this conversation, Officer Deal had no reason to suspect Defendant and told him that he was free to leave.\nAfter ending his conversation with Defendant, Officer Deal began to search the area for evidence. While examining the parking lot, Officer Deal located the gray Pontiac that Defendant had mentioned and noticed that the vehicle had apparently sustained gunshot damage. In addition, Officer Deal located a number of empty shotgun shells about fifteen feet from the Pontiac in the direction of Apartment K.\nAt that point, Officer Deal spoke with the occupants of Apartment K, who identified Defendant as the person who had fired the shots that precipitated the call that led to Officer Deal\u2019s presence in the vicinity and damaged the gray Pontiac. Based on this information and the discoveries that he had made while examining the surrounding area, Officer Deal began searching for Defendant.\nAs he was attempting to locate Defendant, Office Deal saw Defendant coming out of an apartment. Officer Deal stopped Defendant for a second time, handcuffed him, and frisked him again because Defendant had been out of his sight and had had the opportunity to acquire a weapon during the interval between the first and second pat down searches. In the course of this second frisk, Officer Deal felt a \u201cball of sponge-like material [that was] approximately the size of a golf ball.\u201d Based on his expertise and experience, Officer Deal believed the item in Defendant\u2019s possession to be contraband, such as a bag of marijuana.\nOfficer Deal removed the item from Defendant\u2019s pocket and discovered that it was a wad of tissue paper that contained several hard items. At that point, Officer Deal suspected that the tissue contained crack cocaine, opened it, and found three small yellow pills which he believed to be ecstasy. A field test performed on the pills confirmed Officer Deal\u2019s impression. Special Agent Carroll Bazemore, a forensic drug chemist employed by the State Bureau of Investigation, tested the pills seized from Defendant and determined that they contained .4 grams of methylenedioxymethamphetamine, a substance commonly referred to as ecstasy.\n2. Defendant\u2019s Evidence\nAlthough Defendant\u2019s testimony at trial was generally consistent with that of Officer Deal, Defendant stated that Officer Deal removed several items from his pocket at the time of the initial pat down, including his identification card. In addition, Defendant claimed that Officer Deal grabbed and handcuffed him during their second encounter. Subsequently, Officer Deal had Defendant turn and face him, at which point Officer Deal showed Defendant the tissue and pills that he claimed to have seized from Defendant\u2019s back pocket. At that point, Defendant testified that Officer Deal told him he was under arrest and placed him in a patrol car.\nB. Procedural History\nOn 7 July 2008, the Guilford County grand jury returned bills of indictment charging Defendant with possession of methylenedioxymethamphetamine and having attained the status of an habitual felon. The cases against Defendant came on for trial before a jury at the 2 March 2010 session of the Guilford County Superior Court. On the same date, the jury returned verdicts convicting Defendant of possession of methylenedioxymethamphetamine and having attained the status of an habitual felon. At the ensuing sentencing hearing, the trial court found that Defendant had accumulated nine prior record points and should be sentenced as a Level IV offender. Based upon these determinations, the trial court sentenced Defendant to a minimum term of 107 months and a maximum term of 138 months imprisonment in the custody of the North Carolina Department of Correction. On 24 August 2010, this Court granted Defendant\u2019s petition seeking the issuance of a writ of certiorari for the purpose of reviewing Defendant\u2019s challenges to the trial court\u2019s judgment.\nII. Legal Analysis\nA. Standard of Review\nIn both of the two arguments that he advances on appeal, Defendant claims that he received constitutionally deficient representation from his trial counsel in violation of the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article I, Section 23 of the North Carolina Constitution. In analyzing ineffective assistance of counsel claims, we utilize a two-part test, under which the \u201c[defendant must show (1) that \u2018counsel\u2019s performance-was deficient,\u2019 meaning it \u2018fell below an objective standard of reasonableness,\u2019 and (2) that \u2018the deficient performance prejudiced the defense,\u2019 meaning that \u2018counsel\u2019s errors were so serious as to deprive the defendant of a fair trial, a trial whose result is reliable.\u2019 \u201d State v. Mohamed, \u2014 N.C. App. \u2014, \u2014, 696 S.E.2d 724, 733 (2010) (quoting Strickland. v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687-88, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674, 693, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 2064 (1984)). Our law recognizes a \u201cstrong presumption that counsel\u2019s conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance[.]\u201d Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689, 80 L. E. 2d at 694, 104 S. Ct. at 2065. A defendant may rebut the presumption that his or her counsel provided adequate representation by showing the acts or omissions upon which his or her claim is predicated did not \u201cresult [from the exercise of] reasonable professional judgment,\u201d so that, \u201cin light of all the circumstances, the identified acts or omissions were outside the wide range of professionally competent assistance.\u201d Strickland, 466 U.S. at 690, 80 L. E. 2d at 695, 104 S. Ct. at 2066. In proving whether counsel\u2019s actions resulted in prejudice to the defendant, he or she must demonstrate that \u201cthere is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel\u2019s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different[,]\u201d with a \u201creasonable probability\u201d being \u201ca probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.\u201d Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694, 80 L. E. 2d at 698, 104 S. Ct. at 2068. \u201cIf it is easier to dispose of an ineffectiveness claim on the ground of lack of sufficient prejudice, . . . that course should be followed.\u201d Strickland, 466 U.S. at 697, 80 L. Ed 2d at 699, 104 S. Ct. at 2069.\nAs a general proposition, ineffective assistance of counsel \u201cclaims brought on direct review will be decided on the merits when the cold record reveals that no further investigation is required, i.e., claims that may be developed and argued without such ancillary procedures as the appointment of investigators or an evidentiary hearing.\u201d State v. Fair, 354 N.C. 131, 166, 557 S.E.2d 500, 524 (2001), cert. denied, 535 U.S. 1114, 153 L. Ed. 2d 162, 122 S. Ct. 2332 (2002). However, \u201c \u2018should the reviewing court determine that [ineffective assistance of counsel] claims have been prematurely asserted on direct appeal, it shall dismiss those claims without prejudice to the defendant\u2019s right to reassert them during a subsequent [motion for appropriate relief] proceeding.\u201d Mohamed, \u2014N.C. App. at \u2014, 696 S.E.2d at 733 (quoting Fair, 354 N.C. at 167, 557 S.E.2d at 525).\nB. Admission of Convictions\nFirst, Defendant contends that he received ineffective assistance because his trial counsel conceded Defendant\u2019s guilt of three prior felonies during the habitual felon proceeding. Although we agree that this component of Defendant\u2019s ineffective assistance claim can be appropriately resolved on direct appeal, we do not believe that Defendant is entitled to appellate relief on the basis of this claim.\nThe habitual felon indictment returned against Defendant in this case alleged that:\n. . . [0]n or about the date of offense [11 May 2008] and in the county named above [Guilford] the defendant named above [Phillip Antoine Womack] unlawfully, willfully, and feloniously did commit one or more felonious offenses while being an habitual felon. This offense was committed after defendant was convicted of at least three (3).successive felony offenses subsequent to July 6, 1967, the effective date of this statute, to wit:\n1. That on or about October 19,1998, in the Superior Court of Guilford County, North Carolina, the defendant pled guilty to and/or was convicted of the felony offense of Robbery with a Dangerous Weapon against the State of North Carolina, with the commission date of July 8, 1998 (98 CRS 23596);\n2. That thereafter on or about February 2, 2005, in the Superior Court of Guilford County, North Carolina, defendant pled guilty to and/or was convicted of the felony offense of Larceny of [a] Motor Vehicle against the State of North Carolina, with the commission date of April 15, 2004 (04 CRS 76900);\n3. That thereafter on or about August 31, 2006 in the Superior Court of Guilford County, North Carolina, defendant pled guilty to and/or was convicted of the felony offense of Possession of [a] Stolen Motor Vehicle against the State of North Carolina, with the commission date of August 2, 2005 (05 CRS 86842).\nAt least two (2) of the aforementioned felony convictions against the peace and dignity of the State were committed after the defendant had attained the age of 18 years.\nOn direct examination at the guilt-innocence phase of the trial, Defendant testified that:\nQ. Now, you\u2019ve been convicted of prior offenses?\nA. Yes.\nQ. What offenses have you been convicted of?\nA. Like, everything?\nQ. Well, in terms of what you\u2019ve been convicted of.\nA. I got a few maryuana charges, um, possession of a stolen motor vehicle, larceny of a motor vehicle, um, probation violation.\nQ. But that was as a result of these other convictions?\nA. Yes. That was, like, catching those charges while I was on probation.\nOn cross-examination, Defendant testified that:\nQ. Do you recall being convicted of Flee to Elude in August of \u201906?\nA. They charged \u2014 that charge was dismissed. I wasn\u2019t convicted of it. I \u2014 it had something to do with the plea bargain. The plea bargain was possession of a stolen motor vehicle and they would drop fleeing to elude, speeding, and I think I ran a stop sign.\nQ. Are you Phillip Womack?\nA. Yes.\nQ. Date of birth September 19, 1982?\nA. Yes.\nQ. Do you recall being convicted of 05 CRS 86843 on August 31st of 2006 of felony flee to elude arrest?\nA. If it was part of a plea bargain \u2014 with a plea bargain, they just said they\u2019re going to drop certain charges if you take a plea, and they\u2019ll let you go.\nQ. But that was the same date you were convicted of possession of a stolen motor vehicle\u2014\nA. Yes.\nWhile the jury was deliberating the issue of Defendant\u2019s guilt, the following colloquy occurred between the trial court and Defendant\u2019s trial counsel:\nTHE COURT: [Defense Counsel], I have a question. Now, your client still wants to have a trial on whether he\u2019s an habitual felon or not?\n[DEF. COUN.]: Well, I talked to him about that. We\u2019ll stipulate to the habitual felon charge\u2014\nTHE COURT: He\u2019d have to plead guilty to it or either you have a trial. There\u2019s no in-between. Either plead guilty to it, \u201cyes,\u201d and you fill out a transcript of plea to that effect, or either we have a trial on it.\n[DEF. COUN.]: And, Judge, the. main concern I have is whatever this bill that they have in the legislature, whether it would have an effect on him if he pled guilty as opposed to \u2014 having a trial. I mean\u2014\nTHE COURT: What is the bill?\n[DEF. COUN.]: Oh, there\u2019s one that says that the H and I\u2019s may be removed as \u2014 as underlying crimes for the habitual\u2014\nTHE COURT: That\u2019s only to be applied retroactively [sic].\n[DEF. COUN.]: That is correct. There\u2019s a lot of \u201cifs\u201d involved.\nTHE COURT: And if they applied it retroactively, it would apply to him whether he admits to it or not.\n(Counsel and defendant confer off the record)\n[DEF. COUN.]: I guess we\u2019ll have a trial, Judge.\nAt the habitual felon sentencing hearing, the State introduced certified copies of documents establishing Defendant\u2019s convictions for larceny of a motor vehicle, robbery with a dangerous weapon, and possession of a stolen motor vehicle and argued the State\u2019s case to the jury. At the habitual felon hearing, Defendant\u2019s trial counsel argued that:\nBasically, just to give \u2014 flesh out some of these charges, all of them my client pled guilty to. The armed robbery or the robbery with a dangerous weapon, my client was 15 years of age. Note his date of birth and check that out. So this is a totally youthful indiscretion.\nAs far as the stolen vehicle, my client indicated although he pled guilty, this was a situation where he was in the State of South Carolina; that he was not aware of the vehicle being stolen. Apparently, it was involved in an accident down there and was impounded, and then as it turned out, he entered into a guilty plea. Generally, these are the result of whatever plea agreements are worked out with the prosecutor, and so I want you to consider that in making your determinations.\nIn his brief, Defendant argues that his trial counsel\u2019s concluding argument at the habitual felon proceeding contravened the principle enunciated in State v. Harbison, 315 N.C. 175, 337 S.E.2d 504 (1985), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1123, 90 L. Ed. 2d 672, 106 S. Ct. 1992 (1986), in which the Supreme Court held that \u201ca counsel\u2019s admission of his client\u2019s guilt, without the client\u2019s knowing consent and despite the chent\u2019s plea of not guilty, constitutes ineffective assistanc\u00e9[.]\u201d Id. at 179, 337 S.E.2d at 506-07. We do not find Defendant\u2019s argument persuasive.\nThe first problem with Defendant\u2019s challenge to his trial counsel\u2019s comments is that no Harbison violation occurred. In order to reach this conclusion, we must examine the determinations that must be made in order for a convicted criminal defendant to be sentenced as an habitual felon.\nAn habitual felon is \u201c[a]ny person who has been convicted of or pled guilty to three felony offenses in any federal court or state court in the United States or combination thereof[.]\u201d N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-7.1.\nFor the purpose of this Article, a felony offense is defined as an offense which is a felony under the laws of the State or other sovereign wherein a plea of guilty was entered or a conviction was returned regardless of the sentence actually imposed .... For the purposes of this Article, felonies committed before a person attains the age of 18 years shall not constitute more than one felony. The commission of a second felony shall not fall within the purview of this Article unless it is committed after the conviction of or plea of guilty to the felony. The commission of a third felony shall not fall within the purview of this Article unless it is committed after the conviction of or plea of guilty to the second felony.\nId. As a result, the mere fact that a defendant has been convicted of three felony offenses does not, without more, suffice to support a finding that he or she is an habitual felon for purposes of N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-7.1.\n\u201cBeing an habitual felon is not a crime but is a status the attaining of which subjects a person thereafter convicted of a crime to an increased punishment for that crime.\u201d State v. Allen, 292 N.C. 431, 435, 233 S.E.2d 585, 588 (1977). For that reason, the mere fact that a person has attained habitual felon status, \u201cstanding alone, will not support a criminal sentence.\u201d Id. Instead, \u201c[w]hen an habitual felon . .. commits any felony under the laws of the State of North Carolina, the felon must, upon conviction or plea of guilty ... be sentenced as a Class C felon.\u201d N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-7.6. The only effect of establishing that a defendant has attained habitual felon status \u201cis to enhance the punishment which would otherwise be appropriate for the substantive felony which he has allegedly committed while in such a status.\u201d Allen, 292 N.C. at 435, 233 S.E.2d at 588.\nAlthough Defendant\u2019s trial counsel admitted that his client had pled guilty to three felonies and discussed circumstances that served to mitigate the significance of Defendant\u2019s robbery and possession of a stolen vehicle convictions, he never argued that the jury should find that Defendant had attained habitual felon status. In fact, the jury could not have properly returned a verdict finding that Defendant had attained habitual felon status on the basis of the information contained in the challenged argument, since Defendant\u2019s trial counsel did not concede that Defendant met either the age or chronology criteria set out in N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-7.1. The Supreme Court has clearly held that no Harbison violation occurred when \u201ccounsel stated there was malice, [but] did not admit guilt[.]\u201d State v. Fisher, 318 N.C. 512, 533, 350 S.E.2d 334, 346 (1986). Similarly, in this case, Defendant\u2019s trial counsel admitted that Defendant had three prior felony convictions, but he never admitted that Defendant had attained habitual felon status and, in fact, suggested that the jury take certain mitigating factors into consideration in its deliberations. Thus, we conclude that the argument made by Defendant\u2019s trial counsel did not run afoul of the principle enunciated in Harbison.\nMoreover, the Supreme Court has explicitly held that \u201c[t]he Harbison rule [] does not apply to sentencing proceedings.\u201d State v. Fletcher, 354 N.C. 455, 481-82, 555 S.E.2d 534, 550 (2001) (citing State v. Boyd, 343 N.C. 699, 723, 473 S.E.2d 327, 340 (1996), cert. denied, 519 U.S. 1096, 136 L. Ed. 2d 722, 117 S. Ct. 778 (1997)) and State v. Walls, 342 N.C. 1, 57, 463 S.E.2d 738, 768 (1995) (stating that \u201cHarbison applies only to the guilt/innocence phase of a trial\u201d), cert. denied, 517 U.S. 1197, 134 L. Ed. 2d 794, 116 S. Ct. 1694 (1996))), cert. denied, 537 U.S. 846, 154 L. Ed. 2d 73, 123 S. Ct. 184 (2002). As a result of the fact that the alleged Harbison error occurred at a proceeding convened for the purpose of\" determining whether Defendant\u2019s sentence should be enhanced because of his prior criminal\nDefendant\u2019s claim for this reason as well. Thus, Defendant\u2019s challenge to his trial counsel\u2019s argument is most appropriately examined using the approach outlined in Strickland rather than the approach outlined in Harbison. Fletcher, 354 N.C. at 482, 555 S.E.2d at 550.\nA careful examination of the record indicates that the State\u2019s evidence to the effect that Defendant had attained habitual felon status was overwhelming. At the habitual felon proceeding, the State introduced certified documentary evidence that Defendant had committed the offenses alleged in the habitual felon indictment. Assuming that Defendant had committed and been convicted of those offenses on the dates in question, he had clearly attained habitual felon status. Defendant has not contended that he had any basis for contesting the State\u2019s contention that he committed and was convicted of each of those prior felonies on the dates specified in the habitual felon indictment. On the contrary, Defendant admitted having been convicted of possession of a stolen motor vehicle and larceny of a motor vehicle during his testimony at the guilt-innocence phase of the trial. At one point, Defendant appeared ready to stipulate that he had attained habitual felon status, but he ultimately elected not to do so. Assuming, without in any way deciding, that Defendant\u2019s trial counsel provided him with deficient representation by making the challenged comments, we readily conclude that there is no reasonable likelihood that the outcome at Defendant\u2019s habitual felon proceeding would have been different had his trial counsel not made the challenged comments, leading inexorably to the conclusion that Defendant\u2019s ineffective assistance of counsel argument based upon those comments has no merit.\nC. \u201cTake Umbrage with mv Client\u201d\nSecondly, Defendant claims he also received deficient representation at his sentencing hearing based on a comment made by his trial counsel \u201cask[ing] the Court to take umbrage with my client in terms of sentencing him in the mitigating range, which I believe would be an 80-month minimum sentence.\u201d Although we agree that no additional factual development needs to occur prior to consideration of this claim so that it is cognizable on direct appeal, we do not find Defendant\u2019s argument persuasive.\nAs Defendant correctly points out in his brief, the dictionary defines umbrage as \u201ca reason for doubt... a feeling of resentmentf.]\u201d Webster\u2019s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary 1280 (1991). Based upon this fact, Defendant argues that his trial counsel actually urged the trial court to impose a harsh sentence on him. However, we believe that this comment, taken in context, cannot be construed as a request that the trial court sentence Defendant harshly.\nAt the sentencing hearing, Defendant\u2019s trial counsel argued that:\nI have to concur with the assistant DA that this is a Level 4 for sentencing purposes. You\u2019ve heard the evidence that\u2019s been submitted at trial, Your Honor. This was \u2014 although certainly within the meaning of the statute, this was a low-level conviction in terms of the quantity and those types of elements. I would ask the Court to take umbrage with my client in terms of sentencing him in the mitigating range, which I believe would be \u00e1n 80-month minimum sentence.\nI realize he had the outburst before and he did apologize to Your Honor, and certainly, Mr. Womack is entitled to his adjudicated day in court, his due process. Certainly, he couldn\u2019t have asked for a fairer trial. So I would just ask the Court to consider that, given the circumstances of this particular offense.\nA careful analysis of the statements made by Defendant\u2019s counsel indicates that these comments included an assertion that Defendant\u2019s offense was \u201clow-level\u201d in nature and requests that Defendant be sentenced in the mitigated range and be treated leniently. When taken in context, it is clear that Defendant\u2019s trial counsel used the word \u201cumbrage\u201d in the sense of \u201cmercy\u201d rather than in accordance with its literal meaning. As a result, we conclude that the reference by Defendant\u2019s trial counsel to \u201ctaking umbrage\u201d with Defendant represents nothing more than a slip of the tongue and that, while Defendant\u2019s trial counsel could have chosen his words more carefully, we are unable to conclude that this isolated statement, taken in context, constitutes deficient performance, entitling Defendant to a new sentencing hearing.\nIII. Conclusion\nFor the reasons set forth above, we conclude that Defendant has failed to show that he is entitled to relief on appeal as the result of deficient performance by his trial counsel. Thus, the trial court\u2019s judgment should remain undisturbed.\nNO ERROR.\nJudges ROBERT C. HUNTER and STEPHENS concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "ERVIN, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Attorney General Roy Cooper, Special Deputy Attorney General Lars F. Nance, for the State.", "Leslie C. Rawls, for defendant-appellant." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. PHILLIP ANTOINE WOMACK\nNo. COA10 1184\n(Filed 19 April 2011)\n1. Constitutional Law\u2014 effective assistance of counsel\u2014 counsel\u2019s admission to prior convictions \u2014 no reasonable likelihood of different outcome\nDefendant did not receive ineffective assistance of counsel at a hearing to determine if he had attained habitual felon status. Defense counsel\u2019s admission that defendant had three prior felony convictions did not violate State'v. Harbison, 315 N.C. 175, and the Harbison rule does not apply to sentencing proceedings. Furthermore, even assuming arguendo that defense counsel\u2019s representation was deficient, there was no reasonable likelihood that the outcome at defendant\u2019s habitual felon proceeding would have been different had his trial counsel not made the challenged comment.\n2. Constitutional Law\u2014 effective assistance of counsel\u2014 counsel\u2019s statement \u2014 no reasonable likelihood of different outcome\nDefendant did not receive ineffective assistance of counsel at a sentencing hearing for his conviction of possession of drugs. Defense counsel\u2019s challenged statement was nothing more than a slip of the tongue and the isolated statement, taken in context, did not constitute deficient performance.\nAppeal by defendant from judgment entered 2 March 2010 by Judge L. Todd Burke in Guilford County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 8 March 2011.\nAttorney General Roy Cooper, Special Deputy Attorney General Lars F. Nance, for the State.\nLeslie C. Rawls, for defendant-appellant." }, "file_name": "0309-01", "first_page_order": 317, "last_page_order": 328 }