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    "name": "JOHNNY WILLIAMS and wife, SARAH WILLIAMS, Plaintiff v. HOUSES OF DISTINCTION, INC., Defendant",
    "name_abbreviation": "Williams v. Houses of Distinction, Inc.",
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  {
    "id": 4233350,
    "name": "IN THE MATTER OF: T.A.S.",
    "name_abbreviation": "In re T.A.S.",
    "decision_date": "2011-07-19",
    "docket_number": "No. COA10-275",
    "first_page": "273",
    "last_page": "300",
    "citations": [
      {
        "type": "official",
        "cite": "213 N.C. App. 273"
      }
    ],
    "court": {
      "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.",
      "id": 14983,
      "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals"
    },
    "jurisdiction": {
      "id": 5,
      "name_long": "North Carolina",
      "name": "N.C."
    },
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      {
        "cite": "80 Miss. L.J. 847",
        "category": "journals:journal",
        "reporter": "Miss. L.J.",
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "599 F.3d 946",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "F.3d",
        "case_ids": [
          4223960
        ],
        "year": 2010,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "958"
          }
        ],
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        "case_paths": [
          "/f3d/599/0946-01"
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      },
      {
        "cite": "2009 WL 2139429",
        "category": "reporters:specialty_west",
        "reporter": "WL",
        "year": 2009,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "*4",
            "parenthetical": "unpublished"
          }
        ],
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      },
      {
        "cite": "80 Miss. L.J. 955",
        "category": "journals:journal",
        "reporter": "Miss. L.J.",
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 2011,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "964, 982"
          },
          {
            "page": "983",
            "parenthetical": "footnote omitted"
          }
        ],
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      },
      {
        "cite": "607 S.E.2d 304",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 2005,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "307",
            "parenthetical": "holding the T.L.O. standard governs school searches when school resource officers - who although employed by the local police department \"are primarily responsible to the school district\" - are acting \"in conjunction with school officials\""
          }
        ],
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      },
      {
        "cite": "168 N.C. App. 143",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C. App.",
        "case_ids": [
          8468501
        ],
        "year": 2005,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "148",
            "parenthetical": "holding the T.L.O. standard governs school searches when school resource officers - who although employed by the local police department \"are primarily responsible to the school district\" - are acting \"in conjunction with school officials\""
          }
        ],
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      {
        "cite": "525 S.E.2d 496",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 2000,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "498",
            "parenthetical": "holding search was conducted by school official where school resource officer \"did not search the bag himself\" or \"conduct any investigation on his own,\" and therefore applying the T.L.O. reasonableness standard"
          }
        ],
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      },
      {
        "cite": "136 N.C. App. 648",
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        "reporter": "N.C. App.",
        "case_ids": [
          11241398
        ],
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          }
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        "cite": "87 F.3d 979",
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        "case_ids": [
          677
        ],
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        "opinion_index": 0,
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          "/f3d/87/0979-01"
        ]
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      {
        "cite": "809 F. Supp. 35",
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        "case_ids": [
          3804165
        ],
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          {
            "parenthetical": "male student ordered to pull pants down and shorts up tight so anything concealed might be revealed where school authorities smelled marijuana on his person and he appeared sluggish"
          }
        ],
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        "case_paths": [
          "/f-supp/809/0035-01"
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      {
        "cite": "742 F.2d 977",
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        "case_ids": [
          613429
        ],
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        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "parenthetical": "reasonable to require male student to empty pockets and remove jacket, boots, and shirt where three administrators observed an exchange between him and another student believed to be drug transaction and principal smelled marijuana on his breath"
          }
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        "case_paths": [
          "/f2d/742/0977-01"
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      {
        "cite": "936 F.2d 881",
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        "reporter": "F.2d",
        "case_ids": [
          10529588
        ],
        "year": 1991,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "parenthetical": "strip search for drugs where another student reported that Williams and another girl had vial containing white powder, follow-up investigation strengthened suspicions, vial discovered in purse of Williams' companion"
          }
        ],
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        "case_paths": [
          "/f2d/936/0881-01"
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      },
      {
        "cite": "991 F.2d 1316",
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        "reporter": "F.2d",
        "case_ids": [
          10517279
        ],
        "year": 1993,
        "opinion_index": 0,
        "case_paths": [
          "/f2d/991/1316-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "128 F.3d 1146",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "F.3d",
        "case_ids": [
          977929
        ],
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        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "parenthetical": "student ordered to empty pockets and remove outer jersey, hat, shoes, and socks based on inappropriate behavior, bloodshot eyes, and dilated pupils suggesting marijuana use"
          }
        ],
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        "case_paths": [
          "/f3d/128/1146-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "380 F.3d 349",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "F.3d",
        "case_ids": [
          9210506
        ],
        "year": 2004,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "355"
          }
        ],
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          "/f3d/380/0349-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "71 La. L. Rev. 269",
        "category": "journals:journal",
        "reporter": "La. L. Rev.",
        "year": 2010,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "296",
            "parenthetical": "observing that courts generally interpret the requirement of T.L.O.'s permissibility-in-scope prong that the search not be excessively intrusive in light of the sex of the student to mean the school officials conducting the strip search \"must be of the same sex as the student\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "243 P.3d 453",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "P.3d",
        "case_ids": [
          4249296
        ],
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        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "457"
          }
        ],
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          "/nm/149/0014-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "2011 WL 907561",
        "category": "reporters:specialty_west",
        "reporter": "WL",
        "year": 2011,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "*15",
            "parenthetical": "applying T.L.O. to hold suspicionless unreasonable and rejecting as inapposite Vemonia and Earls, whose \"rationale obviously distinguishes searches conducted on student participants in extracurricular activities from the general student body\""
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "536 U.S. 822",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "U.S.",
        "case_ids": [
          1254855
        ],
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 2003,
        "opinion_index": 0,
        "case_paths": [
          "/us/536/0822-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "132 L. Ed. 2d 574",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d",
        "year": 2003,
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "448 F.3d 591",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "F.3d",
        "case_ids": [
          3112661
        ],
        "weight": 3,
        "year": 2006,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "593-94"
          },
          {
            "page": "592-94"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0,
        "case_paths": [
          "/f3d/448/0591-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "41 SetonHall L. Rev. 427",
        "category": "journals:journal",
        "reporter": "Seton Hall L. Rev.",
        "year": 2011,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "452-53",
            "parenthetical": "footnotes omitted"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "248 Educ. L. Rep. 19",
        "category": "reporters:specialty",
        "reporter": "Educ. L. Rep.",
        "year": 2009,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "28-29"
          }
        ],
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      },
      {
        "cite": "700 S.E.2d 926",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 2010,
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "688 S.E.2d 805",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "810-11"
          }
        ],
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      {
        "cite": "237 F.3d 356",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "F.3d",
        "case_ids": [
          11160781
        ],
        "year": 2001,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "parenthetical": "noting many statutes define strip search as having a \"person remove or arrange some or all of his clothing so as to permit a visual inspection of the . . . female breasts, or undergarments of such person.\" (emphasis added)"
          }
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        "cite": "10 P.3d 115",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
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        "case_ids": [
          1217111
        ],
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          }
        ],
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        "case_paths": [
          "/nm/129/0436-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "635 F. Supp. 454",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "F. Supp.",
        "case_ids": [
          3866059
        ],
        "year": 1985,
        "opinion_index": 0,
        "case_paths": [
          "/f-supp/635/0454-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "26 F. Supp. 2d 1189",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "F. Supp. 2d",
        "case_ids": [
          336010
        ],
        "year": 1998,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "1206-07"
          }
        ],
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          "/f-supp-2d/26/1189-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "160 F. Supp. 2d 883",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "F. Supp. 2d",
        "case_ids": [
          9493036
        ],
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          {
            "page": "887-88"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0,
        "case_paths": [
          "/f-supp-2d/160/0883-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "242 F. Supp. 2d 1107",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "F. Supp. 2d",
        "case_ids": [
          9369252
        ],
        "year": 2003,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "1115-16"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0,
        "case_paths": [
          "/f-supp-2d/242/1107-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "423 F. Supp. 2d 823",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "F. Supp. 2d",
        "case_ids": [
          2792907
        ],
        "year": 2006,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "826-27"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0,
        "case_paths": [
          "/f-supp-2d/423/0823-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "490 F. Supp. 2d 1174",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "F. Supp. 2d",
        "case_ids": [
          4122369
        ],
        "year": 2007,
        "opinion_index": 0,
        "case_paths": [
          "/f-supp-2d/490/1174-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "2009 WL 2849542",
        "category": "reporters:specialty_west",
        "reporter": "WL",
        "weight": 4,
        "year": 2009,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "parenthetical": "search of 40 to 60 alternative school students based on general suspicion that someone on bus may have marijuana"
          },
          {
            "page": "*5"
          },
          {
            "page": "*5"
          },
          {
            "page": "*5"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "261 F.3d 1160",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "F.3d",
        "case_ids": [
          9497958
        ],
        "year": 2001,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "parenthetical": "strip search of 13 fifth graders for $26"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0,
        "case_paths": [
          "/f3d/261/1160-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "402 F.3d 598",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "F.3d",
        "case_ids": [
          9179450
        ],
        "weight": 3,
        "year": 2005,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "parenthetical": "strip search of entire class for stolen money"
          },
          {
            "page": "605"
          },
          {
            "page": "604",
            "parenthetical": "\"In making this determination [that the scope of the search did not pass constitutional muster], we are guided by the Supreme Court's analysis in Vemonia, which sets forth the relevant criteria for evaluating searches performed in the absence of individual suspicion.\""
          }
        ],
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          "/f3d/402/0598-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "604 F.3d 977",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "F.3d",
        "case_ids": [
          6053424
        ],
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 2010,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "parenthetical": "strip search of entire class for missing credit card"
          },
          {
            "page": "981",
            "parenthetical": "\"The lack of individualized suspicion and the search of the entire class further diminish the defendants' interest. . . .\""
          }
        ],
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        "case_paths": [
          "/f3d/604/0977-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "652 F. Supp. 2d 1342",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "F. Supp. 2d",
        "case_ids": [
          3756024
        ],
        "year": 2009,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "1349",
            "parenthetical": "stating that, with \"very limited exception,\" school officials must have reasonable grounds to believe the particular student searched possesses the contraband for the search to be sound"
          }
        ],
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        "case_paths": [
          "/f-supp-2d/652/1342-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "515 U.S. 646",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "U.S.",
        "case_ids": [
          1564392
        ],
        "weight": 9,
        "year": 1995,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "652-53"
          },
          {
            "page": "574"
          },
          {
            "page": "657"
          },
          {
            "page": "657"
          },
          {
            "page": "658"
          },
          {
            "page": "661"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0,
        "case_paths": [
          "/us/515/0646-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "469 U.S. 325",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "U.S.",
        "case_ids": [
          11959437
        ],
        "weight": 22,
        "year": 1985,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "340",
            "parenthetical": "\"Ordinarily, a search - even one that may permissibly be carried out without a warrant - must be based upon 'probable cause' to believe that a violation of the law has occurred.\""
          },
          {
            "page": "734",
            "parenthetical": "\"Ordinarily, a search - even one that may permissibly be carried out without a warrant - must be based upon 'probable cause' to believe that a violation of the law has occurred.\""
          },
          {
            "page": "337, 340"
          },
          {
            "page": "731, 734"
          },
          {
            "page": "341"
          },
          {
            "page": "734"
          },
          {
            "page": "341"
          },
          {
            "page": "734",
            "parenthetical": "emphasis added"
          },
          {
            "page": "341-42"
          },
          {
            "page": "734-35",
            "parenthetical": "emphasis added"
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          {
            "page": "328"
          },
          {
            "page": "726"
          },
          {
            "page": "337-38"
          },
          {
            "page": "740-41",
            "parenthetical": "\"A search of a child's person ... is undoubtedly a severe violation of subjective expectations of privacy.\""
          },
          {
            "page": "341"
          },
          {
            "page": "720",
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          },
          {
            "page": "338-39"
          },
          {
            "page": "732-33"
          }
        ],
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          "/us/469/0325-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "387 U.S. 523",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "U.S.",
        "case_ids": [
          11338823
        ],
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 1967,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "528"
          },
          {
            "page": "935"
          }
        ],
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        "case_paths": [
          "/us/387/0523-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "674 S.E.2d 795",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 2009,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "798"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "196 N.C. App. 234",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C. App.",
        "case_ids": [
          4166395
        ],
        "year": 2009,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "237"
          }
        ],
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        "case_paths": [
          "/nc-app/196/0234-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "174 L. Ed. 2d 354",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
        "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d",
        "case_ids": [
          3657901
        ],
        "weight": 34,
        "year": 2009,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "359"
          },
          {
            "page": "366",
            "parenthetical": "noting the lower courts' \"divergent conclusions\" in applying T.L.O. to such searches"
          },
          {
            "page": "362-63"
          },
          {
            "page": "361-62",
            "parenthetical": "internal quotation marks and citation omitted"
          },
          {
            "page": "362"
          },
          {
            "page": "363"
          },
          {
            "page": "360"
          },
          {
            "page": "364"
          },
          {
            "page": "365"
          },
          {
            "page": "365"
          },
          {
            "page": "364"
          },
          {
            "parenthetical": "\"The exact label for this final step in the intrusion is not important, though strip search is a fair way to speak of it.\""
          },
          {
            "page": "363"
          },
          {
            "page": "364-65"
          },
          {
            "page": "364",
            "parenthetical": "emphasis added"
          },
          {
            "page": "365",
            "parenthetical": "emphasis added"
          },
          {
            "page": "364"
          },
          {
            "page": "364"
          },
          {
            "page": "362",
            "parenthetical": "holding the required knowledge under the reasonable suspicion standard is that a school administrator's search of each student must forecast \"a moderate chance of finding evidence of wrongdoing\""
          },
          {
            "page": "360, 362-63"
          }
        ],
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        "case_paths": [
          "/us/557/0364-01"
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      {
        "cite": "503 S.E.2d 101",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 1998,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "103"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
      },
      {
        "cite": "348 N.C. 644",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "N.C.",
        "case_ids": [
          1659841
        ],
        "year": 1998,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "648"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1,
        "case_paths": [
          "/nc/348/0644-01"
        ]
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      {
        "cite": "413 S.E.2d 276",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "S.E.2d",
        "year": 1992,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "290"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 1
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      {
        "cite": "330 N.C. 761",
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            "page": "901"
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            "page": "901"
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